Trillium texanum

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Trillium texanum
Trillium texanum Arkansas.jpg
Miller County, Arkansas (21 March)
Status TNC G3.svg
Vulnerable  (NatureServe) [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Melanthiaceae
Genus: Trillium
Species:
T. texanum
Binomial name
Trillium texanum
Synonyms [4]
Synonymy
  • Trillium pusillum var. texanum(Buckley) Reveal & C.R.Broome

Trillium texanum, the Texas trillium or Texas wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found in east Texas, extreme southwestern Arkansas, and extreme northwestern Louisiana. Due to its limited range, it is designated as a vulnerable species.

Contents

Description

Trillium texanum is a perennial herbaceous plant that flowers from March to early mid-April, with white flower petals. [5]

Taxonomy

Trillium texanum was first described by Samuel Botsford Buckley in 1861. [3] Its type specimen was collected in Panola County, Texas, [6] but that specimen is now lost. [7] The specific epithet texanum refers to the U.S. state of Texas, its primary location.

As of April 2023, the name Trillium texanumBuckley is widely recognized, [1] [2] [4] [8] but a few authorities regard it as a variety of Trillium pusillum , either T. pusillum var. texanum or T. pusillum var. pusillum. [9] [10] The taxon is a member of the Catesbaei group (Trillium subgen. Delostylis), a group of pedicellate-flowered trilliums that includes Trillium catesbaei.

Distribution and habitat

Trillium texanum is found primarily in east Texas, [11] hence the common name Texas trillium. It also occurs in extreme southwestern Arkansas and extreme northwestern Louisiana. [1] It typically grows in forested wetland habitat. [5]

Conservation

As of April 2023, the global conservation status of Trillium texanum is listed as vulnerable by both NatureServe and IUCN. [1] [2] It is critically imperiled in both Arkansas and Louisiana. [12] It is under review by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. [13]

Related Research Articles

<i>Trillium</i> Genus of flowering plants

Trillium is a genus of about fifty flowering plant species in the family Melanthiaceae. Trillium species are native to temperate regions of North America and Asia, with the greatest diversity of species found in the southern Appalachian Mountains in the southeastern United States.

<i>Trillium chloropetalum</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium chloropetalum, also known as giant trillium, giant wakerobin, or common trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is endemic to the western U.S. state of California, being especially frequent in and around the San Francisco Bay Area.

<i>Trillium persistens</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium persistens, the persistent trillium, is a North American species of flowering plants in the genus Trillium of family Melanthiaceae. The plant is also called the persistent wakerobin.

Wake-robin, wakerobin, or wake robin are used in the common names of several species of flowering plants, including:

<i>Trillium ovatum</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium ovatum, the Pacific trillium, also known as the western wakerobin, western white trillium, or western trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found in western North America, from southern British Columbia and the tip of southwestern Alberta to central California, east to Idaho and western Montana. There is an isolated population in northern Colorado and southern Wyoming.

<i>Trillium luteum</i> Species of plant

Trillium luteum, the yellow trillium or yellow wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the bunchflower family Melanthiaceae. It is a member of the Trillium cuneatum complex, a closely related group of sessile-flowered trilliums. The species is endemic to the southeastern United States, especially in and around the Great Smoky Mountains of eastern Tennessee and western North Carolina.

<i>Trillium rugelii</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium rugelii, also known as the southern nodding trillium or illscented wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to parts of the southeastern United States. It is found in the Great Smoky Mountains, Fernbank Forest, Steven's Creek Heritage Preserve, and other places of the Piedmont and southern Appalachian Mountains in Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Tennessee. It prefers to grow near streams in humus-rich soil under the shade of deciduous trees.

<i>Trillium discolor</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium discolor, the mottled wakerobin, pale yellow trillium, or small yellow toadshade, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to areas of the Savannah River drainage system of Georgia, North Carolina and South Carolina such as Steven's Creek Heritage Preserve and Lake Keowee. It is found along moist stream banks in upland woods, on acidic to basic soils.

<i>Trillium flexipes</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium flexipes, known as the nodding wakerobin, bent trillium, or drooping trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found from Minnesota to Ohio, south to Tennessee, with isolated populations in New York, Pennsylvania, Alabama, and other states. It is an endangered species in Ontario and possibly extirpated in North Carolina.

<i>Trillium viridescens</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium viridescens, also known as the Ozark trillium or tapertip wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found in parts of Arkansas, Missouri, Oklahoma, Kansas, Texas and Louisiana. It usually grows in rich deciduous forests and mountain ranges where the soil is clayey and calcareous.

<i>Trillium vaseyi</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium vaseyi, the sweet wakerobin or sweet beth, is a spring flowering perennial plant which is found only in the southeastern United States, primarily in the southern part of the Appalachian Mountains but with a few populations farther south.

<i>Trillium lancifolium</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium lancifolium, the lanceleaf wakerobin, lance-leaved trillium, or narrow-leaved trillium, is a species of plants native to the southeastern United States. It is known to occur in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Mississippi, South Carolina, and Tennessee. The species is imperiled in Alabama and Florida, and critically imperiled in South Carolina and Tennessee.

<i>Trillium sulcatum</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium sulcatum is a species of flowering plant in the bunchflower family Melanthiaceae. It is a member of the Erectum group, a group of species typified by Trillium erectum. The specific name sulcatum means "furrowed, grooved, or sulcate", which describes the tips of the sepals. It is most abundant on the Cumberland Plateau in central Tennessee and eastern Kentucky where it blooms in April and May. The species is commonly known as the southern red trillium or furrowed wakerobin.

<i>Trillium decumbens</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium decumbens, also known as the decumbent trillium or trailing wakerobin, is a species of flowering plant in the bunchflower family (Melanthiaceae). It is native to the southeastern United States, specifically Tennessee, Georgia, and Alabama, where it grows in mature deciduous woodlands or on open rocky wooded slopes.

<i>Trillium pusillum</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium pusillum is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae known by the common names dwarf trillium, least trillium and dwarf wakerobin. It is native to the southeastern and south-central United States from Oklahoma to Maryland.

<i>Trillium angustipetalum</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium angustipetalum, with the common name is narrowpetal wakerobin, is a species of Trillium, plants which may be included within the Liliaceae or the newer family Melanthiaceae.

<i>Trillium gracile</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium gracile, commonly known as the Sabine River wakerobin, slender trillium, or graceful trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is native to the region along the Sabine River in western Louisiana and eastern Texas. It generally grows in mature pine and hardwood forests, and on riverbanks.

<i>Trillium maculatum</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium maculatum, the spotted wakerobin or spotted trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is a member of the Trillium cuneatum complex, a closely related group of sessile-flowered trilliums. The species is endemic to the southeastern United States, ranging across Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and northern Florida.

<i>Trillium ludovicianum</i> Species of flowering plant

Trillium ludovicianum, the Louisiana wakerobin or Louisiana trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is found only in the south-central United States, in Louisiana, Mississippi, and eastern Texas.

Trillium georgianum, the Georgia dwarf trillium, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is one of the rarest, and perhaps most threatened species in the Trillium pusillum species complex. It is the sole representative of the complex in the U.S. state of Georgia.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Trillium texanum". NatureServe Explorer. NatureServe. Retrieved 16 November 2021.
  2. 1 2 3 "Texas Trillium (Trillium texanum)". The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, Version 2022-2. Retrieved 6 April 2023.
  3. 1 2 "Trillium texanumBuckley". International Plant Names Index (IPNI). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew; Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries; Australian National Botanic Gardens . Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  4. 1 2 "Trillium texanumBuckley". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 5 April 2023.
  5. 1 2 Philipps, Thomas C. "Texas Wakerobin (Trillium texanum)". United States Forest Service . Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  6. Buckley, S. B. (1861). "Description of Several New Species of Plants". Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila. 12: 443. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  7. Strong & Williamson (2015), p. 169.
  8. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Trillium texanum". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  9. Case Jr., Frederick W. (2002). "Trillium pusillum var. pusillum". In Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.). Flora of North America North of Mexico (FNA). Vol. 26. New York and Oxford. Retrieved 5 April 2023 via eFloras.org, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO & Harvard University Herbaria, Cambridge, MA.{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  10. Reveal, J. L.; Broome, C. R. (1981). "Minor nomenclatural and distributional notes on Maryland vascular plants with comments on the state's proposed endangered and threatened species". Castanea. 46 (1): 50–82.
  11. "Trillium texanum". County-level distribution map from the North American Plant Atlas (NAPA). Biota of North America Program (BONAP). 2014. Retrieved 7 October 2019.
  12. "Trillium texanum – Texas trillium" (PDF). Rare Plants of Louisiana. Retrieved 27 March 2020.
  13. "Species Profile for Texas trillium (Trillium pusillum texanum)". Environmental Conservation Online System. U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. Retrieved 5 April 2023.

Bibliography