Trinket Island

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Trinket Island
India Andaman and Nicobar Islands location map.svg
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Trinket Island
Bay of Bengal location map simple.svg
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Trinket Island
Geography
Location Bay of Bengal
Coordinates 8°05′N93°35′E / 8.08°N 93.58°E / 8.08; 93.58
Archipelago Nicobar Islands
Adjacent to Indian Ocean
Total islands2
Major islands
  • Trinket
Area12.25 km2 (4.73 sq mi) [1]
Length9.6 km (5.97 mi)
Width2.2 km (1.37 mi)
Coastline35.2 km (21.87 mi)
Highest elevation10 m (30 ft)
Administration
Flag of India.svg  India
District Nicobar
Island group Nicobar Islands
Subdivisions of India Nancowry Subdivision
Taluk Kamorta tehsil
Largest settlementTrinket(pop. 2)
Demographics
Population2 [2] (2016)
Pop. density0.16/km2 (0.41/sq mi)
Ethnic groups Hindu, Nicobarese
Additional information
Time zone
PIN 744301
Telephone code03192
ISO code IN-AN-00
Official website www.and.nic.in
Literacy84.4%
Avg. summer temperature32.0 °C (89.6 °F)
Avg. winter temperature28.0 °C (82.4 °F)
Sex ratio ♂/♀
Census Code35.638.0002
Official Languages Hindi, English, Tamil
Katchal (regional)

Trinket Island (sometimes spelled Trinkat or Trinkut) is one of the 24 islands that make up the Nicobar Islands chain, located in the northeast Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. It is located east of Kamorta Island.

Contents

Geography

Trinket has an area of 12.25 km², and a flat, low topography. Regional monsoons bring rains of 3,000 mm to 3,800 mm yearly. [3]

The island is surrounded by shallow waters and coral reefs, [4] which allow it to be approached by boat only during high tide. [3]

Administration

From 1869 until 1947 Trinket was part of Britain's Indian colonies. In 1947 it became part of the Dominion of India, and since 1950 of the Republic of India. Trinket is part of the Kamorta Tehsil, Nancowry subdivision of the Nicobars District, and part of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands state.

Since 1956 the Government of India has afforded protection to the native Nicobarese through a special legislation, the Andaman and Nicobar Protection of Aboriginal Tribes Regulation, which regulated entry to the islands. [3]

Demographics

Two early censuses of the island were conducted by the British administration in 1883 and 1901. The 1883 census revealed a population of 85 persons living in eight villages. [5] The 1901 census indicated an estimated population of 102 persons, spread between four and six villages, ruled by two chiefs. [5]

As of 2001, the Indian census had catalogued 436 persons living on Trinket in four villages: Trinket (population 244), Safebalu (pop. 127), Tapiang (pop. 42) and Hockcook (pop. 23). [6] Like most other islands in the Nicobar district, Trinket's population was almost exclusively ethnic Nicobarese. [7]

Although, the 2011 Census of India indicated that the island had become uninhabited following the 2004 tsunami disaster, [8] as of the end of 2012 the island appeared to have been repopulated by a pair of returnees, living at the site of what had been Trinket village. [9] By 2020 the population of returnees was reported to amount to a total of seven families. [10]

Economy

From the fifteenth to the nineteenth centuries, trade with Trinket, as with the rest of the Nicobar Islands, was dominated by Indian, Arab, and European merchant fleets. [3]

Prior to the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake, the island's populace was dependent on the outside world for many goods, including foodstuffs. Until the 1950s they exported whole coconuts and other forest products, but after the 1950s local production shifted toward exports of processed coconut, in the form of copra. [11] Those products were traded for imports such as rice, sugar, and clothes, which were used to supplement the local subsistence economy based on hunting and gathering, fishing, pig and chicken rearing, and household gardens. [12]

History

Trinket was officially made subject to the British Empire in 1869. [3] The island became part of sovereign India following Indian independence in 1947.

Effects of 2004 earthquake and tsunami

Physical effects

Like the other Nicobar and Andaman Islands, Trinket was devastated by tsunamis generated by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake. The island, which has a low and flat topography, was severely affected by the powerful waves and by earthquake-caused subduction of 1.5m to 1.75 m (4 ft 11 in to 5 ft 9 in), [13] [14] suffering a reduction of its surface area from 14.6 km² down to 12.25 km². [15] Initial reports that the island had been split apart [16] were later confirmed by satellite imagery and onsite surveys. [13] [17]

Human toll

On Trinket, the tsunami left 91 dead or disappeared [15] and the total devastation of the island's communities and economy. Shortly after the disaster, the entire remaining population of the island was evacuated to neighboring islands, principally Nancowry, [18] and Kamorta, where the Indian government built a resettlement village called Vikas Nagar. [9]

Repopulation of the island

By the end of 2012, only two people, both returnees, were reported to be living permanently on the island. [9] A few more refugees has returned as of 2017, [19] amounting to a total of seven families as of 2020. [10]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andaman and Nicobar Islands</span> Union territory of India

The Andaman and Nicobar Islands is a union territory of India consisting of 571 islands, of which 37 are inhabited, at the junction of the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The territory is about 150 km (93 mi) north of Aceh in Indonesia and separated from Thailand and Myanmar by the Andaman Sea. It comprises two island groups, the Andaman Islands (partly) and the Nicobar Islands, separated by the 150 km wide Ten Degree Channel, with the Andaman islands to the north of this latitude, and the Nicobar islands to the south. The Andaman Sea lies to the east and the Bay of Bengal to the west. The island chains are thought to be a submerged extension of the Arakan Mountains.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicobar Islands</span> Island group in the Indian Ocean

The Nicobar Islands are an archipelagic island chain in the eastern Indian Ocean. They are located in Southeast Asia, 150 kilometres (93 mi) northwest of Aceh on Sumatra, and separated from Thailand to the east by the Andaman Sea. Located 1,300 kilometres (810 mi) southeast of the Indian subcontinent, across the Bay of Bengal, they are part of India, as the Nicobar district within the union territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Effect of the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake on India</span> Effect of 2004

According to official estimates in India, 10,749 people were killed, 5,640 people were missing and thousands of people became homeless when a tsunami triggered by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake near the Indonesian island of Sumatra struck the southern coast on 26 December 2004. The earthquake registered 9.1–9.3 Mw and was the largest in five decades. It was followed by strong aftershocks on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The death toll of the earthquake was 1,500 people.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Car Nicobar</span> One of the Nicobar Islands

Car Nicobar is the northernmost of the Nicobar Islands. It is also one of three local administrative divisions of the Indian district of Nicobar, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Annual rainfall is 2800 millimetres.

Nancowry is an island in the central part of the Nicobar Islands chain, located in the northeast Indian Ocean between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicobar Islands rain forests</span>

The Nicobar Islands rain forests is a tropical moist broadleaf forest ecoregion in the Nicobar Islands. The Nicobar Islands are in the Indian Ocean, lying north of Sumatra and south of the Andaman Islands. The islands are politically part of India, although physically closer to Southeast Asia. Millions of years of isolation from the mainland has given rise to a distinct flora and fauna, including many endemic species.

Nicobar district is one of three districts in the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The district's administrative territory encompasses all of the Nicobar Islands, which are located in the Indian Ocean, between the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. The headquarters of the district is the village of Malacca, located on the island of Car Nicobar.

Kamorta or Kalatapu is a village on the Kamorta Island, in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. It is located in the Nancowry tehsil. This is also the home of Indian Naval Base named INS Kardip, which was commissioned in 1973.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Nicobarese people</span> Ethnic group of India

The Nicobarese people are an Austroasiatic-speaking people of the Nicobar Islands, a chain of islands in the Bay of Bengal north of Sumatra, forming part of the union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Only 12 of the 19 islands are inhabited. The largest and main island is Great Nicobar. The term Nicobarese refers to the dominant tribes of the Nicobar Islands. On each island, the people have specific names, but together they are the Nicobarese. They call themselves Holchu, which means "friend".

Al-Hit-Touch/Balu Basti is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Nancowry tehsil.

Jhoola is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Nancowry tehsil.

Munak is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Nancowry tehsil.

Tillangchong, also known as Tillanchang, is an island and a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

Payuha is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Nancowry tehsil.

Vikas Nagar is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Nancowry tehsil. It is populated by people from the former Trinket village, which was evacuated after the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.

Ramzoo is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Nancowry tehsil.

Tapong is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located on the Nancowry Island, around 10 km from the Champin village, and comes under the administration of the Nancowry tehsil.

Champin is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located on the Nancowry Island, around 10 km from the Tapong village, and comes under the administration of the Nancowry tehsil.

Chowra is an island in the Andaman and Nicobar islands group of India. It is located to the north of Teressa island and to the south of Battimalv Island in the Indian Ocean. It is also known as Choura, Tatat or Sanenyo.

Hintona is a village in the Nicobar district of Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. It is located in the Nancowry tehsil.

References

  1. ↑ "Islandwise Area and Population – 2011 Census" (PDF). Government of Andaman.
  2. ↑ Gopintah and his wife: the sole inhabitants of the island
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Lisa Ringhoffer, "Chapter 6: Comparing Local Transitions Across the Developing World", in L. Ringhofer, Fishing, Foraging and Farming in the Bolivian Amazon: On a Local Society in Transition, Springer, London (2010), ISBN   978-90-481-3486-1.
  4. ↑ K. Venkataraman, "Coral Reefs of India", in D. Hopley (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Modern Coral Reefs: Structure, Form and Process, Springer (Dordrecht, 2011). ISBN   978-90-481-2638-5.
  5. 1 2 Lt. Col. Sir Richard C. Temple Bart (1903). 'Census of India, 1901. Volume III, The Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Report on the Census. Printed at the Government central Press. p. 10.
  6. ↑ Trinket Archived 4 February 2012 at the Wayback Machine , at Andaman & Nicobar Police website.
  7. ↑ Directorate of Census, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Port Blair (1981). Some Basic Figures of 1981 Census. Series 24: Andaman and Nicobar Islands (PDF). p. 2. Retrieved 25 June 2023.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  8. ↑ Directorate of Census Operations, Andaman & Nicobar Islands (2011). "Census of India. Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Series-36, Part XII-B. District Census Handbook, Andaman & Nicobar Islands. Village and Town Wise Primary Census Abstract (PCA)." (PDF). Retrieved 11 September 2016.
  9. 1 2 3 Zoyab, Alaphia. "A house for Mr. Gopinath, and a genset", The Hindu, 4 August 2012.(Entry retrieved 25 September 2013)
  10. 1 2 Saini, Ajay; Singh, Simron J. (1 April 2020). "How Disaster Aid Ravaged an Island People". Scientific American. Retrieved 25 June 2023.
  11. ↑ Hobbes, Marieke. Figuring Rural Development: Concepts and Cases of Land Use, Sustainability and Integrative Indicators, Leiden University Press (2010), page 117.
  12. ↑ Marina Fischer-Kowalski, Simron J.Singh, Lisa Ringhofer, Clemens M. Grünbühel, Christian Lauk and Alexander Remesch. Sociometabolic regimes in indigenous communities and the crucial role of working time: A comparison of case studies. Alpen-Adria Universitat, Social Ecology Working Paper #121 (March 2010), ISSN 1726-3816. (Accessdate: 28 August 2016)
  13. 1 2 M. G. Thakkar and Bhanu Goyal, "Historic submergence and tsunami destruction of Nancowrie, Kamorta, Katchall and Trinket Islands of Nicobar district: Consequences of 26 December 2004 Sumatra-Andaman earthquake", Current Science, Vol. 90, Issue 7 (10 April 2006), pages 989–994.
  14. ↑ Bagla, Pallava (28 January 2005). "After the Earth Moved". Science Now.
  15. 1 2 Anup Kumar Das, "GIS based mapping of Tsunami induced Land Use/Cover change in Nancowry group of Islands, Andaman and Nicobar Islands", in OSTI Newsletter Archived 27 September 2013 at the Wayback Machine (published by the Ocean Science and Technology for Islands program of the Indian National Institute of Ocean Technology), Issue 10, October 2005, pages 2–4.
  16. ↑ "Fears Rise for Andaman Thousands", 'BBC News' website, Thursday, 30 December 2004.
  17. ↑ Image http://www.ircc.iitb.ac.in/~webadm/update/Issue1_2005/Images/Tsunami2.jpg Archived 18 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine in Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (ITTB) Industrial Research and Consultancy Centre (IRRC), Update newsletter, issue 1 of 2005.
  18. ↑ George Weber (2005), Earthquake and Tsunami: Maps, charts and statistics Archived 2 August 2012 at the Wayback Machine , chapter 4 Archived 20 August 2008 at the Wayback Machine ; published online at "George Weber's LONELY ISLANDS: THE ANDAMANESE; an on-line Documentation on the Andamanese and other Negrito people, and their relationship to the earliest migrations of modern humans; incorporating the web-site of the Nicobar Association" Archived 21 July 2013 at the Wayback Machine website.
  19. ↑ Saini, Ajay (3 March 2017). "The islanders who don't want to return". The Hindu. Retrieved 13 June 2017.
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