Tsunyidiscus

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Tsunyidiscus
Temporal range: Late Atdabanian
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Tsunyidiscus niutitangensis linedrawing.jpg
linedrawing of Tsunyidiscus niutitangensis
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Class:
Trilobita
Order:
Agnostida
Suborder:
Eodiscina
Family:
Tsunyidiscidae

Zhang, 1980
Genus:
Tsunyidiscus

W. Chang, 1966
Species
  • T. niutitangensis(Chang ,1964) (Type)
  • T. aclis(Zhou, 1975)
  • T. acutus(Sun, 1983)
  • T. armatus(Zhang & Zhu, 1980)
  • T. chintingshanensis(Lu, 1942)
  • T. limbanodusQian in Zhang et al., 1980
  • T. longquanensis(Zhang and Zhu in Zhang et al., 1980)
  • T. pengshuiensisZhang & Clarkson, 2012
  • T. pertenusLin et al., 2004
  • T. yanjiazhiensisS. Zang et al. in Yin and Li, 1978

And see text

Tsunyidiscus is a trilobite belonging to the Suborder Eodiscina. Tsunyidiscus appeared near the end of the Lower Cambrian, during the late Atdabanian stage of geologic time and some collections suggest it may have survived into the Botomian. The genus is very small (up to 7mm), oculate and isopypous with a narrow dome-shaped glabella and a narrow bullet-shaped pygidial axis. Thorax consists of three segments. Tsunyidiscus is the only genus currently attributed to the family Tsunyidiscidae. [1]

Contents

Description

Like other Agnostida the exoskeleton of Tsunyidiscus is diminutive and isopygous with 3 fulcrate thoracic segments. The cephalon has a strongly parabolic outline and maximum width (tr.) usually anterior to the genal angles. Glabella extremely narrow, lateral glabellar furrows usually obscure, with a rounded and expanded frontal glabellar lobe. The occipital ring (LO) is at least as long as L1, usually expanded laterally, and may bear a sharp posteriorly directed spine. Long, curved posterior fixigenal spines may be present. The occipital furrow is transverse and uninterrupted. Facial sutures proparian. Librigenae are 0.5% as long as the cephalon. The pygidium has a narrow multi=segmented axis (with five, six or more segments). The thoracic and pygidial axial segments may carry nodes. [1] [2]

Species and distribution

= Emeidiscus planilimbatus, Mianxiandiscus badaowanensis, M. emeiensis, M. gaoqiaoensis, M. jinningensis, M. sichuanensis
Collected in the Lower Cambrian of China (Atdabanian: Jinning, 24.7° N, 102.7° E [3] and Maotianshan 24.0°N, 102.0°E, [4] Yuanshan Formation, Yunnan).
Present in the Lower Cambrian of China (Atdabanian, Shuijingtuo Formation, Yichang and Zgui, Yangtze Gorge Area, Hubei, 111°E, 30.5°N) [2]
Occurs in the Lower Cambrian of China (Atdabanian: Weng'an, Longshancun Section, Niutitang Formation, Guizhou, 27.1°N, 107.5°E) [3]
= T. kaiyangensis, Eodiscus chintingshanensis, Guizhoudiscus chintingshanensis, G. kaiyangensis, H. chintingshanensis
Occurs in the Lower Cambrian of China (Zhongxin). [5]
= Shizhudiscus longquanensis
= Hebediscus niutitangensis
Known from the Lower Cambrian of China (Atdabanian: Jinning, 24.7° N, 102.7° E [3] and Malong, 25.4° N, 103.4° E, [6] Yuanshan Formation, Yunnan; Zhijin, Gezhongwu Section, [3] and Weng'an, Longshancun Section, Niutitang Formation, GuiZhou, 26.7°N, 105.8°E.
= T. orientalis, Hebediscus orientalis, Hupeidiscus orientalis
Found in the Lower Cambrian of China (Atdabanian: Huanglian Member, Jiumenchong Formation, 28.2°N, 109.2°E, Taijiang, Wuhe Member, Jiumenchong and Bianmachong Formations, 26.7° N, 108.3° E); [3] Botomian: Weng'an, Longshancun Section, Mingxinsi Formation, Guizhou, 27.1°N, 107.5°E; [3] Atdabanian: Pangwangcun Member, Huangboling Formation, Anhui, 30.1°N, 117.0°E [3]
Present in the Lower Cambrian of China (Atdabanian: Shuijingtuo Formation, Yangtze Gorge, Hubei, 30.8° N, 111.3° E). [8]

Taxonomy

Cladogram of the relations within the monotypical family Tsunyidiscidae, with other Eodiscina and with the ancestral genus Bulaiaspis (Redlichiina, Chengkouaspidae) Tsunyidiscus cladogram.png
Cladogram of the relations within the monotypical family Tsunyidiscidae, with other Eodiscina and with the ancestral genus Bulaiaspis (Redlichiina, Chengkouaspidae)

Ancestors

Tsunyidiscus is the oldest known eodiscoid. The glabella of Tsunyidiscus is extremely similar to that of Dipharus clarki, and distinct from all other eodiscoids. D. clarki is thought to represent an immature stage of the redlichioid Bulaiaspis rather than an eodiscoid. This is because of the dominant palpebroocular ridges, extremely long librigenae, and free pleural tips on the pygidium of variable numbers of segments. In short: Tsunyidiscus is thought to have developed through paedomorphosis from Bulaiaspis. [1]

Descendants

Three lineages are thought to have evolved from Tsunyidiscus. First the Hebediscidae, that themselves gave rise to the Weymouthiidae, which contain Tannudiscus, the probable ancestor of the Agnostina. Second the Yukoniidae, who sprouted the Eodiscidae. And finally the Calodiscidae. [1]

Related Research Articles

<i>Paradoxides</i> Extinct genus of trilobites

Paradoxides is a genus of large to very large trilobite found throughout the world during the Middle Cambrian period. One record-breaking specimen of Paradoxides davidis, described by John William Salter in 1863, is 37 cm (15 in). The cephalon was semicircular with free cheeks ending in long, narrow, recurved spines. Eyes were crescent shaped providing an almost 360° view, but only in the horizontal plane. Its elongate thorax was composed of 19–21 segments and adorned with longish, recurved pleural spines. Its pygidium was comparatively small. Paradoxides is a characteristic Middle-Cambrian trilobite of the 'Atlantic' (Avalonian) fauna. Avalonian rocks were deposited near a small continent called Avalonia in the Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean. Avalonian beds are now in a narrow strip along the East Coast of North America, and in Europe.

<i>Acidiscus</i> Extinct genus of trilobites

Acidiscus Rasetti, 1966, is a genus of Eodiscinid trilobite belonging to the family Weymouthiidae Kobayashi T. (1943), Order Agnostida Salter (1864). It lived during the Botomian stage = late Lower Cambrian Stage 4 ; the upper Botomian boundary corresponds to base of the Middle Cambrian, Miaolingian Series and Wuliuan stage.

<i>Analox</i> Extinct genus of trilobites

Analox Rasetti, 1966 is a genus of Eodiscinid trilobites belonging to the family Weymouthiidae Kobayashi T. (1943), Order Agnostida It lived during the Botomian stage. It can easily be distinguished from other trilobites by the two furrows that extend forwards and sidewards from the front of the glabella.

<i>Dicerodiscus</i> Extinct genus of trilobites

Dicerodiscus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the early part of the Botomian stage, in China. Four species have been assigned to it. Dicerodiscus is unique for an eodiscoid in having conspicuous and curved spines that are attached anteriorly, and at their base are directed outward perpendicular to the midline, before gradually bending further backwards.

<i>Resserops</i>

Resserops is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It lived during the middle of the Atdabanian or the early part of the Botomian stage, which lasted from approximately 524 to 518.5 million years ago. This faunal stage was part of the Cambrian Period. It has been found in Spain and southern Morocco. It can be recognised by the sabre-like spines of the headshield that are a smooth continuation of the frontal edge, and the enlarged spines on the 9th segment of the thorax.

<i>Yunnanocephalus</i> Extinct genus of trilobites

Yunnanocephalus is a genus of ptychopariid trilobite. It lived during the late Atdabanian and Botomian stages, in what are currently Antarctica, Australia and China. It was a "moderately common" member of the Chengjiang Fauna. Yunnanocephalus is the only genus currently assigned to the Yunnanocephalidae family.

<i>Pagetia</i> Genus of trilobites

Pagetia is a genus of small trilobite, assigned to the Eodiscinid family Pagetiidae and which had global distribution during the Middle Cambrian. The genus contains 55 currently recognized species, each with limited spatial and temporal ranges.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eodiscina</span>

Eodiscina is trilobite suborder. The Eodiscina first developed near the end of the Lower Cambrian period and became extinct at the end of the Middle Cambrian. Species are tiny to small, and have a thorax of two or three segments. Eodiscina includes six families classified under one superfamily, Eodiscoidea.

<i>Glyptagnostus reticulatus</i> Extinct species of trilobite

Glyptagnostus reticulatus is a species of agnostid trilobite belonging to the genus Glyptagnostus. It existed during the Paibian Age of the Cambrian. It has a cosmopolitan distribution and is an important index fossil in biostratigraphy. It was characterized by an unusual net-like pattern of furrows on both the cephalon and the pygidium.

Agnostotes orientalis is a species of agnostid trilobite belonging to the genus Agnostotes. It existed during the Jiangshanian Age of the Cambrian. It is an important index fossil in biostratigraphy.

<i>Morocconus</i> Genus of trilobites

Morocconus is an extinct genus from a well-known class of fossil marine arthropods, the trilobites. It is still debated if it lived at the very end of the Lower Cambrian or at the very beginning of the Middle Cambrian. Morocconus notabilis is the only known species in this genus.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Weymouthiidae</span> Extinct family of arthropods

The Weymouthiidae are an extinct family of eodiscinid agnostid trilobites. They lived during the late Lower Cambrian and earliest Middle Cambrian in the so-called Olenellus- and Eokochaspis-zones in the former paleocontinents of Laurentia, Avalonia, Gondwana. The Weymouthiidae are all blind and lack free cheeks.

<i>Geragnostus</i> Extinct genus of trilobites

Geragnostus is a genus of very small agnostid trilobites whose fossils are found Ordovician-aged marine strata from Eurasia, North America and Argentina.

<i>Toragnostus</i> Extinct genus of trilobites

Toragnostus is a genus of trilobites restricted to the late Middle Cambrian. Its remains have been found in the United States, Greenland, Denmark, China, Sweden, the Russian Federation, and Kazakhstan. Its headshield and tailshield are almost completely effaced and it has two thorax segments.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Eodiscidae</span>

Eodiscidae is a family of agnostid trilobites that lived during the final Lower Cambrian and the Middle Cambrian. They are small or very small, and have a thorax of two or three segments. Eodiscidae includes nine genera.

Tannudiscus Pokrovskaya (1959) is a genus of Eodiscinid trilobites belonging to the family Weymouthiidae Kobayashi T. (1943), Order Agnostida. It lived during the late Lower Cambrian, with remains found in Canada (Newfoundland), China (Gansu), The United Kingdom (England), and the Russian Federation.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hebediscidae</span>

The Hebediscidae Kobayashi, 1944, are a family of trilobites belonging to the order Agnostida that lived during the Lower Cambrian. They are small or very small, and have a thorax of two or three segments. The Hebediscidae include five genera.

The Calodiscidae Kobayashi, 1943 [nom. transl. Öpik, 1975 ex Calodiscinae Kobayashi, 1943] are a family of trilobites belonging to the order Agnostida that lived during the Lower Cambrian. They are small or very small, and have a thorax of two or three segments. The Calodiscidae includes five genera.

<i>Tricrepicephalus</i>

Tricrepicephalus is an extinct genus of ptychopariid trilobites of the family Tricrepicephalidae with species of average size. Its species lived from 501 to 497 million years ago during the Dresbachian faunal stage of the late Cambrian Period. Fossils of Tricrepicephalus are widespread in Late Cambrian deposits in North America, but is also known from one location in South America. Tricrepicephalus has an inverted egg-shaped exoskeleton, with three characteristic pits in the fold that parallels the margin of the headshield just in front of the central raised area. The articulating middle part of the body has 12 segments and the tailshield carries two long, tubular, curved pygidial spines that are reminiscent of earwig's pincers that rise backwards from the plain of the body at approximately 30°.

<i>Serrodiscus</i> Extinct genus of trilobites

Serrodiscus Richter and Richter 1941. is a genus of Eodiscinid trilobite belonging to the family Weymouthiidae Kobayashi T. (1943), Order Agnostida. It lived during the late Lower Cambrian, with remains found in Canada, China (Gansu), The United Kingdom (England), Germany (Silesia), Poland, the Russian Federation, and the United States. It is named for the spines on the ventral side of the pygidium, which give it a serrated impression.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Whittington, H. B. et al. Part O, Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology. Revised, Volume 1 – Trilobita – Introduction, Order Agnostida, Order Redlichiida. 1997
  2. 1 2 Dai, T.; Zhan, X. (2011). "Ontogeny of the eodiscoid trilobite Tsunydiscus acutus from the Lower Cambrian of South China". Palaeontology. 54 (6): 1279–1288. Bibcode:2011Palgy..54.1279D. doi: 10.1111/j.1475-4983.2011.01102.x . ISSN   0031-0239.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 A. Yang, M. Zhu, J. Zhang and G. Li. 2003. Early Cambrian eodiscoid trilobites of the Yangtze Platform and their stratigraphic implications. Progress in Natural Science 13(11):861-866 |cited in=PBDB
  4. ↑ J. Yugan, H. Xianguang, and W. Huayu. 1993. Lower Cambrian pediculate lingulids from Yunnan, China. Journal of Paleontology 67(5):788-798|cited in=PBDB
  5. ↑ Paleobiology Database. "†Tsunyidiscus chintingshanensis Lu 1942 (trilobite)" . Retrieved 25 November 2012.
  6. ↑ M. Steiner, M. Zhu, Y. Zhao and B.-D. Erdtmann. 2005. Lower Cambrian Burgess Shale-type fossil associations of South China. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 220:129-152|cited in=PBDB
  7. ↑ Zhang, X.-G.; Clarkson, E.N.K. (2012). "Phosphatized eodiscoid trilobites from the Cambrian of China". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 297 (1–4): 1–121. Bibcode:2012PalAA.297....1Z. doi:10.1127/pala/297/2012/1. Archived from the original on 2013-02-11.
  8. ↑ S. Weiguo. 1986. Late Precambrian Pennatulids (sea pens) from the Eastern Yangtze Gorge, China: Paracharnia gen. nov Precambrian Research 31:361-375|cited in=PBDB
  9. ↑ Cotton, T.J.; Fortey, R.A. (2005). "5. Comparative morphology and relationships of the Agnostida". In Koenemann, S.; Jenner, R. (eds.). Crustacean Issues 16, Crustacea and Arthropod Relationships. Boca Raton: CRC Press.
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