Tuerto Formation

Tuerto Formation Stratigraphic range: Pliocene–Pleistocene PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Tuerto Formation in a road cut north of the Ortiz Mountains
Type	Formation
Unit of	Santa Fe Group
Overlies	Blackshare Formation
Thickness	7–21 m (23–69 ft)
Lithology
Primary	Conglomerate
Other	Sandstone
Location
Coordinates	35°22′N106°14′W / 35.36°N 106.24°W / 35.36; -106.24
Region	New Mexico
Country	United States
Type section
Named by	C.E. Stearns
Year defined	1953
Tuerto Formation (the United States) Show map of the United States Tuerto Formation (New Mexico) Show map of New Mexico

The Tuerto Formation is a geologic formation exposed around the Ortiz Mountains of New Mexico. It is estimated to be of Pliocene to Pleistocene age, and forms the gravel cap of the Ortiz surface, one of the first pediment surfaces recognized by geologists.

Description

The Tuerto Formation consists primarily of conglomerate with minor sandstone. The clasts (rock fragments) making up the conglomerate consist largely of hornfels and Ortiz porphyry ^[1] eroded off the Ortiz Mountains and Cerrillos Hills and deposited as a thin alluvial fan in the Hagan basin. ^[2] Beds containing limestone clasts eroded off the east slopes of the Sandia Mountains are sometimes also included in the formation. ^[3] The formation is informally divided into a lower well-cemented cliff-forming member and an upper poorly cemented member. ^[2]

The formation lies with angular unconformity on the Blackshare Formation. It is distinguished from the coeval Ancha Formation in containing mostly volcanic clasts, while the Ancha Formation is rich in granite clasts. ^[2]

Tuerto pediment surface at feet of the Ortiz Mountains

The unit underlies the Ortiz surface, one of the first pediment surfaces recognized, by I.H. Ogilvie in 1905. ^[4]

History

The unit was first named the Tuerto Gravel by C.E. Stearns in 1953 for exposures southwest of Santa Fe, New Mexico. ^[5] Daniel Koning, Sean Connell, Frank Pazzaglia, and William McIntosh described the unit as the Tuerto formation in 2020, ^[2] and Connell first argued for formalizing it at formation rank in a footnote to a 2002 paper. ^[1] It was so treated in a draft geologic map of the Hagan area in 2002. ^[3]

References

1. Connell et al. 2002.
2. Koning et al. 2001.
3. Cather et al. 2002.
4. Ogilvie 1905.
5. Stearns 1953.

Bibliography

• Cather, Steven M.; Connell, Sean D.; Lucas, Spencer G.; Picha, Mark G.; Black, Bruce A. (June 2002). "Geologic Map of the Hagan Quadrangle, Santa Fe County, New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources Open-file Digital Geologic Map. OF-GM 050. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
• Connell, Sean D.; Cather, Steven M.; Dunbar, Nelia W.; McIntosh, William C.; Peters, Lisa (November 2002). "Stratigraphy of the Tanos and Blackshare Formations (lower Santa Fe Group), Hagan embayment, Rio Grande rift, New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Geology. 24 (4). Retrieved 9 June 2020.
• Ogilvie, I.H. (1905). "The high-altitude conoplain: a topographic form illustrated in the Ortiz Mountains". American Geologist. 22.
• Koning, Daniel; Connell, Sean; Pazzaglia, Frank; Mcintosh, William (2001). "Stratigraphy of the Tuerto and Ancha Formations (upper Santa Fe Group), Hagan and Santa Fe Embayments, north-central New Mexico" (PDF). New Mexico Bureau of Mines and Mineral Resources Open File Report. 454B. Retrieved 17 August 2020.
• Stearns, Charles E. (1953). "Tertiary geology of the Galisteo-Tonque area, New Mexico". Geological Society of America Bulletin. 64 (4): 459. Bibcode:1953GSAB...64..459S. doi:10.1130/0016-7606(1953)64[459:TGOTGA]2.0.CO;2.