Tulipa turkestanica

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Turkestan tulip
Tulipa turkestanica.jpg
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Subfamily: Lilioideae
Tribe: Lilieae
Genus: Tulipa
Subgenus: Tulipa subg. Eriostemones
Species:
T. turkestanica
Binomial name
Tulipa turkestanica
Synonyms [2]
  • Tulipa sylvestris var. turkestanicaRegel

Tulipa turkestanica, the Turkestan tulip, is a species of tulip native to Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan [1] and possibly Xinjiang [2] ). [3] [4] [5] [6] It was first described by Eduard August von Regel in 1873 as a variety of T. sylvestris, then elevated to full species status two years later. [7] [8]

Contents

Description

Tulipa turkestanica is a herbaceous, bulbous perennial growing 10 cm to 15 cm tall, with 2–4 thin glaucous leaves up to 15 cm long on each stem. The margins and tips have a pinkish colour. The leathery bulb is bright reddish-brown and has a hairy tunic. Each plant produces between one and twelve [9] star-shaped flowers, grouped in a raceme. The flowers are ivory white to pinkish red, with a yellow to orange basal blotch, which extends to about a third of the flower. The backs of the outer tepals are greyish red with a whitish fringe and much wider than the inner tepals, which have a thin, green line on the middle of their outside. The filaments are orange, and the anthers are dark violet or yellow with a violet tip, [10] which distinguishes it from T. biflora that has very similar flowers but yellow anthers. It is also slightly smaller and flowers slightly earlier. The flowers only open in direct sunlight. The smell is often described as unpleasant. [11] In the wild, it flowers between March and May, depending on the altitude.

Distribution

The Turkestan tulip is found in the Pamir Alai and Tien Shan; Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Uzbekistan, Turkestan, Iran and Dzungaria in Northwest China. [12] It grows on stony slopes, river margins and rocky ledges between 1800 and 2500 m asl. [13]

Cultivation and uses

Tulipa turkestanica is an ornamental plant often grown in rock gardens. [14] It needs full sun. In England, it flowers in the middle of March. [15] As other tulips of the Eriostemenes group, Tulipa turkestanica cannot be crossed with garden tulips. [16]

Tulipa turkestanica has received the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit. [17]

Related Research Articles

<i>Tulipa gesneriana</i> Species of plant

Tulipa gesneriana, the Didier's tulip or garden tulip, is a species of plant in the lily family, cultivated as an ornamental in many countries because of its large, showy flowers. This tall, late-blooming species has a single blooming flower and linear or broadly lanceolate leaves. This is a complex hybridized neo-species, and can also be called Tulipa × gesneriana. Most of the cultivars of tulip are derived from Tulipa gesneriana. It has become naturalised in parts of central and southern Europe and scattered locations in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tulip</span> Genus of plants

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<i>Tulipa armena</i> Species of plant in the family Liliaceae

Tulipa armena is a species of flowering plant in the Liliaceae family. It is referred to by the common name Armenian tulip, and is native to the historical Armenian Highlands as the name implies; current regions of Armenia, modern day Turkey, Iran, South Caucasus, and Azerbaijan.

<i>Tulipa sprengeri</i> Species of flowering plant

Tulipa sprengeri, or Sprenger's tulip, is a wild tulip from the Pontic coast of Turkey. It is quite rare and possibly extinct in the wild, but widely cultivated as an ornamental.

Allium kurssanovii is a species of wild onion native to Central Asia. It grows on cliff faces and other sun-lit locations at elevations of 2200–2700 m.

Allium platyspathum is an Asian species of wild onion. It has been reported from Xinjiang, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Altay Krai, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Pakistan. It grows in damp locations at elevations of 1900–3700 m.

Allium schoenoprasoides is an Asian species of wild onion native to Xinjiang, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan. It can be found at elevations of 2700–3000 m.

<i>Allium winklerianum</i> Species of flowering plant

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Allium filidens is a species of onion found at high elevations of central and south-central Asia. It is a bulb-forming perennial up to 45 cm tall, forming a hemispherical umbel of flowers; tepals white or pink with a purple midvein.

<i>Tulipa suaveolens</i> Species of flowering plant

Tulipa suaveolens, synonym Tulipa schrenkii, the van Thol tulip or Schrenck's tulip, is a bulbous herbaceous perennial of species of tulip (Tulipa) in the family of the Liliaceae. It belongs to the section Tulipa. It is the probable wild ancestor of the garden tulip.

<i>Tulipa dasystemon</i> Species of flowering plant

Tulipa dasystemon, synonym Tulipa neustruevae, is a bulbous herbaceous perennial species of tulip (Tulipa) in the family Liliaceae. It belongs to the section Biflores.

Tulipa aleppensis is a wild tulip in the family Liliaceae. It is native to Southeastern Turkey, Syria, near Beirut in Lebanon.

<i>Gagea alberti</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae

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<i>Gagea bulbifera</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae

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Gagea divaricata is an Asian species of plants in the lily family, native to Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Xinjiang Province of western China.

Gagea olgae is an Asian species of plants in the lily family. It is native to Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, and Xinjiang.

<i>Tulipa eichleri</i> Species of plant in the genus Tulipa

Tulipa eichleri, commonly known as Eichler tulip or Eichler's tulip, is a species of tulip. It is a bulbous flowering perennial with long green leaves,deep red flowers with a central black blotch, coming from the Caucasus Mountains.

<i>Tulipa alberti</i> Species of plant in the genus Tulipa

Tulipa alberti, or Albert's tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae. It has long reddish, orange or pink flowers. It comes from the mountains of Central Asia.

<i>Tulipa kaufmanniana</i> Species of plant in the genus Tulipa

Tulipa kaufmanniana, the water lily tulip, is a species of tulip native to Central Asia.

<i>Tulipa praestans</i> Species of plant in the genus Tulipa

Tulipa praestans is a species of tulip native to the mountains of Tajikistan. Many well known cultivars have been formed from the original plant.

References

  1. 1 2 Wilson, B.; Sultangaziev, О.E.; Usupbaev, A.; Shalpykov, K.; Ivashenko, A.; Epiktetov, V.; Dekhonov, D.; Beshko, N.; Boboev, M.; Dolotbakov, A.; Ganybaeva, M.; Lazkov, G. & Turakulov, T. (2022). "Tulipa turkestanica". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2022: e.T184535810A184539403. Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  2. 1 2 3 "Tulipa turkestanica". Plants of the World Online . Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved 18 February 2024.
  3. ↑ Merkodovich, N.A. (ed.) (1941). Flora Uzbekistana 1: 1-566. Izd-va Akademii nauk Uzbekskoi SSR, Tashkent.
  4. ↑ Nikitina, E.V. & al (eds.) (1951). Flora Kirgizskoi SSR 3: 1-148. Frunze : Izd-vo KirgizFAN SSSR.
  5. ↑ Ovczinnikov, P.N. (ed.) (1963). Flora Tadzhikskoi SSR 2: 1-454. Izd-vo Akademii nauk SSSR, Moskva.
  6. ↑ Czerepanov, S.K. (1995). Vascular Plants of Russia and Adjacent States (The Former USSR): 1-516. Cambridge University Press.
  7. ↑ Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 162
  8. ↑ Regel, Eduard August von 1875. Trudy Imperatorskago S.-Peterburgskago Botaniceskago Sada. Acta Horti Petropolitani 3(2):296
  9. ↑ 1-7 according to Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 339
  10. ↑ Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 163
  11. ↑ "horrible", Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 341
  12. ↑ Pacific Bulb Society
  13. ↑ Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 341
  14. ↑ BBC Gardening
  15. ↑ Richard Wilford, Tulips, Species and hybrids for the gardener (Portland, Timber Press 2006), 164
  16. ↑ Anna Pavord, The Tulip, London, Bloomsbury 1999, 273
  17. ↑ "Tulipa turkestanica". www.rhs.org. Royal Horticultural Society. Retrieved 5 March 2021.
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