Tulipa sylvestris

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Tulipa sylvestris
Illustration Tulipa sylvestris0.jpg
1885 illustration [1]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Monocots
Order: Liliales
Family: Liliaceae
Subfamily: Lilioideae
Tribe: Lilieae
Genus: Tulipa
Subgenus: Tulipa subg. Eriostemones
Species:
T. sylvestris
Binomial name
Tulipa sylvestris
L.
Synonyms [2]
Synonymy
  • Liriopogon sylvestre(L.) Raf.
  • Tulipa turcicaRoth
  • Tulipa gallicaDelaun. ex Loisel.
  • Tulipa aureaRaf.
  • Tulipa grisebachianaPant.
  • Tulipa florentinaBaker
  • Tulipa marshallianaAndrz. ex Baker
  • Tulipa grisebachiiBorbás
  • Tulipa balcanicaVelen.
  • Lilium bononienseE.H.L.Krause.
  • Tulipa abatinoiBorzí & Mattei
  • Tulipa grandifloraHy
  • Tulipa primulinaBaker, syn of subsp. primulina
  • Tulipa cuspidataRegel, syn of subsp. primulina
  • Tulipa elwesiiRegel, syn of subsp. primulina
  • Tulipa australisLink, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa pumilaMoench, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa celsianaRedouté, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa transtaganaBrot., syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa maculataRoth, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa biebersteinianaSchult. & Schult.f., syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa patensC.Agardh, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa tricolorLedeb., syn of subsp. australis
  • Liriopogon celsianum(Redouté) Raf., syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa sibiricaPatrin ex Kunth, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa thirkeanaK.Koch, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa fragransMunby, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa alpestrisJord. & Fourr., syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa microgynaBaker, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa caucasicaOrph. ex Nyman, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa callieri Halácsy & Levier, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa bessarabicaZapal., syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa tchitounyiAzn., syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa tenuiscapaPomel ex Batt., syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa paschalisSennen, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa hypanicaKlokov & Zoz, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa ophiophyllaKlokov & Zoz, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa quercetorumKlokov & Zoz, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa samaricaKlokov & Zoz, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa sareptanaKlokov & Zoz., syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa scythicaKlokov & Zoz, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa talijeviiKlokov & Zoz, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa valeriiZoz & Klokov, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa graniticola(Klokov & Zoz) Klokov, syn of subsp. australis
  • Tulipa ripariaKnjaz., Kulikov & E.G.Philippov, syn of subsp. australis
  • plus numerous other names at the level of subspecies, variety, or form
Tulipa sylvestris - MHNT Tulipa sylvestris MHNT.BOT.2015.34.30.jpg
Tulipa sylvestris - MHNT

Tulipa sylvestris, the wild tulip [3] or woodland tulip, [4] is a Eurasian and North African species of wild tulip, a plant in the lily family. Its native range extends from Portugal and Morocco to western China, covering most of the Mediterranean and Black Sea Basins, and Central Asia. The species is also cultivated as an ornamental and naturalized in central and northern Europe as well as a few scattered locations in North America. [2] [5] It was first recorded as being naturalised in Britain in the late 17th century. [6]

Description

Tulipa sylvestris Tulipa sylvestris 130405.jpg
Tulipa sylvestris

It is a bulb-forming perennial, with narrow blue-grey leaves and usually with 1 or 2 flowers per stem. [6] The stem can reach up to 50 cm tall. The scented blooms appear between April and May, [6] and the yellow flowers are sometimes tinged red on the outside. [7] [8] [9] [10]

They rarely produce seed and are pollinated by small insects. [6]

Biochemicals

Some tuliposides - a family of biochemicals -found in Tulipa sylvestris include: [11]

Subspecies

Source: Plants of the World Online [2]

Tulipa australis is also found on the island of Malta, in the Mediterranean Sea, limited to one specific area. [12]

Habitat

It is found in dry grassy places and in woodland copses. [6]

Related Research Articles

<i>Cota tinctoria</i> Species of flowering plant

Cota tinctoria, the golden marguerite, yellow chamomile, or oxeye chamomile, is a species of perennial flowering plant in the sunflower family. Other common names include dyer's chamomile, Boston daisy, and Paris daisy. In horticulture this plant is still widely referred to by its synonym Anthemis tinctoria.

<i>Tulipa turkestanica</i> Species of flowering plant

Tulipa turkestanica, the Turkestan tulip, is a species of tulip native to Central Asia. It was first described by Eduard August von Regel in 1873 as a variety of T. sylvestris, then elevated to full species status two years later.

<i>Allium sphaerocephalon</i> Species of flowering plant

Allium sphaerocephalon is a plant species in the Amaryllis family known as round-headed leek, round-headed garlic, ball-head onion, and other variations on these names. Drumstick allium is another common name applied to this species. Some publications use the alternate spelling Allium sphaerocephalum. It is a bulbous herbaceous perennial plant.

<i>Teucrium scorodonia</i> Species of herb

Teucrium scorodonia, common name the woodland germander or wood sage, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Teucrium of the family Lamiaceae. It is native to Western Europe and Tunisia, but cultivated in many places as an ornamental plant in gardens, and naturalized in several regions.

<i>Teucrium chamaedrys</i> Species of flowering plant

Teucrium chamaedrys, the wall germander, is a species of plant native to the Mediterranean regions of Europe and North Africa, and the Middle East as far as Iran. It is used as an ornamental.

<i>Tulipa clusiana</i> Species of plant

Tulipa clusiana, the lady tulip, is an Asian species of tulip native to Afghanistan, Iran, Iraq, Pakistan and the western Himalayas. It is widely cultivated as an ornamental and is reportedly naturalized in France, Spain, Portugal, Italy, Tunisia, Greece, and Turkey.

<i>Tulipa gesneriana</i> Species of plant

Tulipa gesneriana, the Didier's tulip or garden tulip, is a species of plant in the lily family, cultivated as an ornamental in many countries because of its large, showy flowers. This tall, late-blooming species has a single blooming flower and linear or broadly lanceolate leaves. This is a complex hybridized neo-species, and can also be called Tulipa × gesneriana. Most of the cultivars of tulip are derived from Tulipa gesneriana. It has become naturalised in parts of central and southern Europe and scattered locations in North America.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tulip</span> Genus of plants

Tulips are spring-blooming perennial herbaceous bulbiferous geophytes in the Tulipa genus. Their flowers are usually large, showy, and brightly coloured, generally red, orange, pink, yellow, or white. They often have a different coloured blotch at the base of the tepals, internally. Because of a degree of variability within the populations and a long history of cultivation, classification has been complex and controversial. The tulip is a member of the lily family, Liliaceae, along with 14 other genera, where it is most closely related to Amana, Erythronium, and Gagea in the tribe Lilieae.

<i>Omalotheca sylvatica</i> Species of flowering plant

Omalotheca sylvatica, synonyms including Gnaphalium sylvaticum, is a species of plant in the family Asteraceae. It is commonly known as heath cudweed, wood cudweed, golden motherwort, chafeweed, owl's crown, and woodland arctic cudweed. It is widespread across the temperate Northern Hemisphere, throughout North America and Eurasia. The species was first formally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Gnaphalium sylvaticum.

<i>Tulipa saxatilis</i> Species of flowering plant

Tulipa saxatilis is a Greek and Turkish species of plant in the genus Tulipa of the family Liliaceae.

<i>Tulipa humilis</i> Species of flowering plant

Tulipa humilis is a species of flowering plant in the lily family, found in Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Turkey, Iran, and the North Caucasus region of Russia. The flowers are pink with yellow centers. Its preferred habitat are rocky mountain slopes. It is known by several other names in horticulture.

<i>Allium carinatum</i> Species of flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae

Allium carinatum, the keeled garlic or witch's garlic, is a bulbous perennial flowering plant in the family Amaryllidaceae. It is widespread across central and southern Europe, with some populations in Asiatic Turkey. It is cultivated in many places as an ornamental and also for its potently aromatic bulbs used as a food flavoring.

<i>Allium flavum</i> Species of flowering plant

Allium flavum, the small yellow onion or yellow-flowered garlic, is a species of flowering plant in the genus Allium. A bulbous herbaceous perennial, it is native to the lands surrounding the Mediterranean, Black, and Caspian Seas, from France + Morocco to Iran + Kazakhstan.

<i>Tulipa suaveolens</i> Species of flowering plant

Tulipa suaveolens, synonym Tulipa schrenkii, the van Thol tulip or Schrenck's tulip, is a bulbous herbaceous perennial of species of tulip (Tulipa) in the family of the Liliaceae. It belongs to the section Tulipa. It is the probable wild ancestor of the garden tulip.

<i>Tulipa linifolia</i> Species of flowering plant

Tulipa linifolia, the flax-leaved tulip or Bokhara tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the tulip genus Tulipa, family Liliaceae, native to Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, northern Iran and Afghanistan. Growing to 20 cm (8 in) tall, it is a bulbous perennial with wavy red-margined sword-shaped leaves, and bowl-shaped red flowers in early to mid-spring. Each petal has blackish marks at the base.

<i>Tulipa agenensis</i> Species of flowering plant

Tulipa agenensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae. It is native to Turkey, Iran, Cyprus, the Aegean Islands, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Jordan, and naturalized in the central and western Mediterranean.

<i>Tulipa hungarica</i> Species of plant in the genus Tulipa

Tulipa hungarica, the Danube tulip, Banat tulip or Rhodope tulip, is a species of flowering plant in the family Liliaceae. It is also in the subgenus Tulipa. It is found on the rocky mountainsides of Bulgaria, Romania, Hungary and Slovenia, especially along the gorges of the river Danube. It has small bright yellow flowers in spring and blue-grey leaves.

<i>Tulipa montana</i> Species of plant in the genus Tulipa

Tulipa montana is a species of tulip native to the mountains of Iran and Turkmenistan. With its deep red petals it has been proposed as a candidate for the Biblical Rose of Sharon, whose identity is unknown.

<i>Tulipa biflora</i> Species of plant in the genus Tulipa

Tulipa biflora, the two-flowered tulip, is a species of tulip, native to the former Yugoslavia, Crimea, Anatolia, the Caucasus, southern Russia, Egypt, the Middle East, Central Asia, Iran, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Xinjiang in China. It has many synonyms, including Tulipa polychroma.

<i>Tulipa praestans</i> Species of plant in the genus Tulipa

Tulipa praestans is a species of tulip native to the mountains of Tajikistan. Many well known cultivars have been formed from the original plant.

References

  1. illustration from Prof. Dr. Otto Wilhelm Thomé Flora von Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz 1885, Gera, Germany
  2. 1 2 3 "World Checklist of Selected Plant Families: Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew". apps.kew.org. Retrieved 2015-05-02.
  3. USDA, NRCS (n.d.). "Tulipa sylvestris". The PLANTS Database (plants.usda.gov). Greensboro, North Carolina: National Plant Data Team. Retrieved 12 December 2015.
  4. "Perennial Meadows, Design & Plant, Tulipa sylvestris – the woodland tulip". perennialmeadows.com. 16 May 2013. Retrieved 2015-05-02.
  5. "Plants Profile for Tulipa sylvestris (wild tulip) | United States Department of Agriculture plants profile". plants.usda.gov. Retrieved 2015-05-02.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Spencer-Jones, Rae; Cuttle, Sarah (2005). Wild Flowers of Britain and Ireland. London: Kyle Cathie Limited. p. 80. ISBN   9781856265034.
  7. "Altervista Flora Italiana, Tulipano selvatico, Tulipa australis Link". luirig.altervista.org. Retrieved 2015-05-02.
  8. "Biota of North America Program 2014 county distribution map". bonap.net. Retrieved 2015-05-02.
  9. Everett, D. (2013). The genus Tulipa Tulips of the world: 1-380. Kew publishing, Kew.
  10. Christenhusz, M.J.M., Govaerts, R., David, J.C., Hall, T., Borland, K., Roberts, P.S., Tuomisto, A., Buerki, S., Chase, M.W. & Fay, M.F. (2013). Tiptoe through the tulips - cultural history, molecular phylogenetics and classification of Tulipa (Liliaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 172: 280-328.
  11. Christensen, L (August 1999). "Tuliposides from Tulipa sylvestris and T. turkestanica". Phytochemistry. 51 (8): 969–974. doi:10.1016/s0031-9422(98)00716-x. ISSN   0031-9422.
  12. Schembri, Patrick J.; Baldacchino, Alfred E. (2011). Ilma, Blat u Hajja: Is-Sisien tal-Ambjent Naturali Malti (in Maltese). p. 81. ISBN   978-99909-44-48-8.