Tura, Hungary

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Tura
Tura - Palace.jpg
Schossberger Castle in Tura
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Tura
Location of Tura in Hungary
Coordinates: 47°37′N19°36′E / 47.61°N 19.60°E / 47.61; 19.60
Country Hungary
Region Central Hungary
County Pest
RankCity
Government
  MayorFerenc Szendrei (Independent)
Area
[1]
  Total55.92 km2 (21.59 sq mi)
Population
 (2009) [2]
  Total7,945
  Density140/km2 (370/sq mi)
Time zone UTC+1 (CET)
  Summer (DST) UTC+2 (CEST)
Postal code
2194
Area code +36 28
KSH code 09593 [1]
Website www.tura.hu

Tura is a town in Pest County, Hungary. In 2001 Tura became a city.

Contents

Geography

Tura lies between the Great Plain and Mátra Hills, in the Galga Valley.

Communications

The Bagi Junction of the M3 motorway and primary route 32 (from Jászfényszarú) serve the town.

Express and stopping trains of the Hungarian State Railways serve the town on the Budapest Hatvan Miskolc line.

Around the end of the 19th and start of the 20th centuries the MÁV (Hungarian State Railways) employed more and more people in Tura and it became a railway town.

History

The first mention of Tura is as Thwra in a charter (Latin : Varadi Regestrum) of 1220. At that time the Ákos family owned the town. In 1425 one of the family's descendants, Miklós Ördög Prodavizi, gave the estate to King Sigismund (Hungarian : Zsigmond) in exchange for other properties.

A charter of 1523 mentions that the settlement levied its own taxation. In 1544, after the capture of Buda by the Ottoman Empire three years earlier, Tura came under Turkish rule. The town was never emptied and its church survived that period. Even though in 1594 Simon Forgách won in battle against the Turkish army, the Turkish still ruled Tura for centuries more. In 163334 the settlement was mentioned as a Turkish town with two taxable lands. At the end of Turkish rule there were only 61 families in the town.

In the 18th century Tura's population started to grow because of agriculture. Trade improved and people sold their goods in the Buda, Pest, Miskolc, Hatvan, Vác and Gyöngyös markets. In 1740 Tura was Antal Hévizi Nagy’s land and it became a duty-free town. At that time there were 59 taxable houses.

Until 1873 Tura was owned by the Esterházy family, but they sold it to Baron Sigismund Schossberger. On 20 July 1849 one of the biggest battles of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 took place in Tura, between Mór Perczel's and Alexander Petrovich Tolstoy’s troops. In 1910 there were 900 houses and 4759 inhabitants.

Economy

Tura had a leading role in agriculture. In the Alsó-Galga (Lower Galga) animal breeding and fruit cultivation was significant. Collective farming started in 1949. Later on, industrialisation started to improve too. At one time there were 200 employees. In the 1990s the collective farms started to be privatised and new owners rented them out.

The main industries are vegetable and flower cultivation and the Galga-Coop plc sells the goods at the local market or in Budapest.

Landmarks

Schossberger Castle Turai kastely-2.jpg
Schossberger Castle

Events

Notable people

Tura in folk art

Tura is famous for its folk songs and needlework. Béla Bartók the composer collected more than 150 folk songs in Tura in 1906. His name is on the wall of the Tura Community Centre. The famous embroidery of Tura boasts a long history and was particularly popular after the Second World War, when many clothing designers began using it in their work.

Twin towns – sister cities

Tura is twinned with: [3]

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The Battle of Tura was a battle fought around the village of Tura by the cavalry of the IX. and the X. corps of the Hungarian revolutionary army led by General Mór Perczel and the Russian cavalry detachment led by Lieutenant General Aleksandr Petrovich Tolstoy and the 1. brigade of the 5. infantry division led by Lieutenant General Ivan Mikhaylovich Labintsov. The Hungarians advanced towards North in order to relieve the Russian pressure over General Artúr Görgei's Army of the Upper Danube, which after the second battle of Vác from 15 to 17 July was heading towards the Hungarian armies meeting point around Szeged. The battle started between the Hungarian cavalry units under Perczel and the Russian cavalry under Tolstoy. The Hungarians pushed back the Russian cavalry, but when the Russian infantry led by Labintsov arrived, Perczel retreated. The Russians did not pursued his troops. Although the Russians remained the masters of the battlefield, Perczel's objective to ease the Russian pressure over Görgei's troops succeeded, helping in this way the latter to succeed in his march to Southern Hungary.

References

  1. 1 2 Tura, Hungary at the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Hungarian).
  2. Tura, Hungary at the Hungarian Central Statistical Office (Hungarian). 1 January 2008;
  3. "Testvértelepüléseink". tura.asp.lgov.hu (in Hungarian). Tura. Retrieved 2021-04-04.