Typhoon Kit (1966)

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Map key
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The incipient disturbance that became Super Typhoon Kit was first identified on June 20 near Chuuk State in the Federated States of Micronesia. [1] The JMA designated that system as a tropical depression that day as the system moved steadily westward. [2] The JTWC followed suit with this classification on June 22 following an investigation by reconnaissance. Early the next day, the depression acquired gale-force winds and was dubbed Tropical Storm Kit. Turning to the northwest, Kit developed a 35–55 km (20–35 mi) wide eye and reached typhoon status late on June 23. [1] Explosive intensification ensued late on June 24 into June 25; Kit's central pressure dropped 51 mbar (hPa; 1.51 inHg) in 18 hours from 965 mbar (hPa; 28.50 inHg) to 914 mbar (hPa; 26.99 inHg). [3] During this time, Kit's eye contracted to 13 to 17 km (8.1 to 10.6 mi). [1]

Typhoon Kit June 26, 1966 surface analysis Typhoon Kit June 26, 1966 surface analysis.png
Typhoon Kit June 26, 1966 surface analysis

At 06:00 UTC on June 26, the JMA estimated Kit's pressure to have abruptly dropped to 880 mbar (hPa; 25.99 inHg), [2] which would rank it among the top ten most intense tropical cyclones on record. [4] Around this time, the JTWC estimated Kit to have attained peak winds of 315 km/h (195 mph); [3] [5] however, these winds are likely an overestimate. [6] A later reconnaissance mission on June 26 reported a pressure of 912 mbar (hPa; 26.93 inHg), the lowest observed in relation to the typhoon. [1] Weakening ensued thereafter as the system accelerated to the north-northeast. Retaining typhoon strength, Kit brushed southeastern Honshu, Japan, on June 28, passing roughly 155 km (100 mi) east of Tokyo. The system subsequently weakened to a tropical storm and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone south of Hokkaido on June 29. [3] The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration reported the remnants of Kit to have dissipated the following day near northeastern Hokkaido. [7] However, the JMA states that the system turned eastward and accelerated over the north Pacific before losing its identity on July 3 near the International Dateline. [2]

Impact

Typhoon Kit (Emang)
Typhoon kit 1966 ESSA-2.png
Satellite image of Typhoon Kit
Most intense Pacific typhoons
TyphoonSeasonPressure
hPa inHg
1 Tip 1979 87025.7
2 June 1975 87525.8
Nora 1973
4 Forrest 1983 876 [8] 25.9
5 Ida 1958 87725.9
6 Rita 1978 87826.0
7 Kit 1966 88026.0
Vanessa 1984
9 Nancy 1961 88226.4
10 Irma 1971 88426.1
11 Nina 1953 88526.1
Joan 1959
Megi 2010
Source: JMA Typhoon Best Track Analysis
Information for the North Western Pacific Ocean. [9]

Although the center of Kit remained offshore, torrential rains and damaging winds wreaked havoc in eastern Japan. [10] An estimated 510 to 760 mm (20 to 30 in) of rain fell across the region, triggering deadly landslides and floods. [11] More than 128,000 homes were affected by flooding, of which 433 collapsed. [12] Large stretches of roadway crumbled or were blocked by landslides. Additionally, service along the 480 km (300 mi) Tokyo–Osaka rail line was disrupted for 12 hours. [10] "Hip-deep" waters also shut down Tokyo's subway system, stranding an estimated 2 million people. [13] [14] Throughout the country, 64 people lost their lives while a further 19 were listed missing. [12] In the aftermath of the typhoon, 25 workers died from carbon monoxide poisoning from a portable generator while repairing a damaged irrigation tunnel near Utsunomiya. [15]

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1966 Pacific typhoon season</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">1963 Pacific typhoon season</span>

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Hurricane Uleki</span> Category 3 Pacific hurricane in 1988

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Joan (1997)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1997

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Irma (1985)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1985

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Ken (1982)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1982

Typhoon Ken, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Tering, was the fourth typhoon to strike Japan during the 1982 Pacific typhoon season. Forming along the western end of the monsoon trough in the Philippine Sea, the system had organized into a tropical depression on September 16, and by that night a tropical storm. As a compact system, rapid intensification continued, with Ken becoming a typhoon on the evening of September 17 and a major typhoon on September 18. The cyclone up to this point had a history of progressing slowly west-northwest, but Ken eventually stalled on September 20 and became a larger cyclone. As a mid-latitude trough to its north deepened, Ken took off to the northeast towards Okinawa. Ken made landfall upon Shikoku early on September 25, and moved onward into the Sea of Japan where it evolved into an extratropical cyclone. Five people were killed while 18 others were hurt. A total of 114 mudslides were reported, resulted in over 2,000 homes flooded. Additionally, 12 homes were damaged or destroyed. Seventy-four flights were cancelled as well.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Kim (1980)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1980

Typhoon Kim, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Osang, was the second typhoon in a week to directly affect the Philippines during July 1980. Like Typhoon Joe, Kim formed from the near equatorial monsoon trough in the northwestern Pacific Ocean on July 19. The disturbance tracked quickly westward-northwest underneath a subtropical ridge, reaching tropical storm strength on the July 21 and typhoon strength on July 23. After developing an eye, Kim began to rapidly intensify, and during the afternoon of July 24, peaked in intensity as a super typhoon. Several hours later, Kim made landfall over the Philippines, but the storm had weakened considerably by this time. Throughout the Philippines, 40 people were killed, 2 via drownings, and 19,000 others were directly affected. A total of 12,000 homes were destroyed and 5,000 villages were flooded. Less than a week earlier, the same areas were affected by Joe; however, Kim was considered the more damaging of the two typhoons. Land interaction took its toll on Kim, and upon entering the South China Sea, the storm was down below typhoon intensity. Kim continued northwestward but its disrupted circulation prevented re-intensification, and it remained a tropical storm until hitting southern China July 27 to the northeast of Hong Kong, where only slight damage was reported. Later that day, Kim dissipated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Wendy (1960)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1960

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Dinah (1987)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1987

Typhoon Dinah, known as Typhoon Luding in the Philippines, was the costliest tropical cyclone to form in the 1987 Pacific typhoon season. It also was the fourth typhoon to form during August 1987. An area of low pressure developed near Guam on August 19, and two days later, the low reached tropical storm intensity as it moved generally west. Intensification was initially gradual, with Dinah becoming a typhoon early on August 24, before it subsequently intensified at a faster pace. Dinah reached its highest strength on August 26 before turning northward on August 28 and into a less favorable conditions aloft, which prompted weakening. Dinah entered the Sea of Japan after passing near Okinawa on August 29, where Dinah leveled off in intensity. The system then began to recurve towards southwestern Japan, and after tracking through the area, Dinah transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on August 31, although the remnants could be traced for four more days as it approached the International Date Line.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Joe</span> Pacific typhoon in 1980

Typhoon Joe, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Nitang, affected the Philippines, China, and Vietnam during July 1980. An area of disturbed weather formed near the Caroline Islands on July 14. Shower activity gradually became better organized, and two days later, the system was upgraded into a tropical depression. On July 18, the depression was classified as Tropical Storm Joe. Initially, Joe moved northwest, but began to turn to the west-northwest, anchored by a subtropical ridge to its north. Joe started to deepen at a faster clip, and attained typhoon intensity on July 19. The eye began to clear out, and the next day, Joe reached its highest intensity. Shortly thereafter, Joe moved ashore the Philippines. There, 31 people were killed and 300,000 others were directly affected. Around 5,000 homes were destroyed, resulting in an additional 29,000 homeless. Damage in the nation was estimated at $14.5 million (1980 USD).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Rita (1975)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1975

Typhoon Rita was the most damaging typhoon to affect northern Japan since 1965. A tropical depression developed on August 9, 1975 over the South China Sea. The depression initially meandered offshore Taiwan, but after turning west, it was upgraded into a tropical storm on August 19, only to turn back to the east. While growing considerably in size, Rita strengthened into a typhoon during the afternoon hours of the August 21. Rita then accelerated to the north-northeast in response to a shortwave trough. Midday on August 22, the typhoon reached its peak intensity, with winds of 145 km/h (90 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 965 mbar (28.5 inHg). That evening, the typhoon weakened slightly before making landfall 55 km (34 mi) west of Osaka, with winds of 130 km/h (81 mph). Quickly crossing central and northern Honshu, Rita veered slightly northward before weakening into a tropical storm early on August 23. On the next day, Rita merged with a cold front before transiting into an extratropical cyclone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Robyn</span> Pacific typhoon in 1993

Typhoon Robyn, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Openg, was a mid-season tropical cyclone that brushed Japan during August 1993. Typhoon Robyn originated from a near equatorial monsoon trough in the eastern Caroline Islands in late July. Tracking west-northwest, a tropical depression developed on August 1, and became a tropical storm the next day. Following an increase in organization, Robyn obtained typhoon intensity on August 5. The typhoon briefly tracked west before veering to the northwest while intensifying. On August 7, Robyn attained its peak intensity of 160 km/h (99 mph), with a barometric pressure of 940 mbar (28 inHg). After passing through the Ryukyu Islands, Robyn skirted past western Kyushu on August 9 while steadily weakening. Midday on August 10, Robyn lost typhoon intensity over the Sea of Japan. The next day, the system was declared an extratropical cyclone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Holly (1984)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1984

Typhoon Holly, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Isang, affected South Korea, Japan, and the Soviet Union during August 1984. Holly originated from the monsoon trough that extended eastward from its original position in mid-August 1984. Over a period of several days, the system slowly became better organized as it tracked westward, although the system did not initially develop a well-defined center. On August 15, a tropical depression was declared, and on the next day, the depression was upgraded into Tropical Storm Holly. Holly slowly gained strength, becoming a typhoon on August 17 as it passed near Okinawa. The typhoon turned northwest and then north as it rounded a subtropical ridge. At noon on August 19, Holly attained its peak intensity of 130 km/h (80 mph). Shortly after its peak, Holly accelerated northeast due to the westerlies in the general direction of the Korean Peninsula. Land interaction with South Korea triggered a weakening trend, and after entering the Sea of Japan, Holly began to transition into an extratropical cyclone. Thunderstorm activity quickly decreased near the center, and by August 21, Holly had completed its extratropical transition.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 "Chapter V: Individual Tropical Cyclones in 1966: Typhoon Kit" (PDF). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report. Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Report). United States Navy. 1967. pp. 102–108. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 "Typhoon 196604 (Kit) - Detailed Track Information". Japan Meteorological Agency. National Institute of Informatics. October 17, 1990. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  3. 1 2 3 Frank P. Rossi, ed. (May 1967). "Typhoons of the Western North Pacific, 1966". Mariners Weather Log. 11 (3). Washington, D.C.: 75–82.
  4. "Typhoon List by Lowest Central Pressure: 870 hPa to 895 hPa". Japan Meteorological Agency. National Institute of Informatics. 2015. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  5. "Super Typhoon 4 (Kit) Best Track" (.TXT). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. United States Navy. 1967. Retrieved March 12, 2015.
  6. John A. Knaff; Charles R. Sampson (2006). "Reanalysis of West Pacific Tropical Cyclone Maximum Intensity 1966–1987" (PDF). American Meteorological Society. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  7. Patrick E. Hughes, ed. (November 1966). "Tracks of Centers of Cyclones at Sea Level, North Pacific: June 1966". Mariners Weather Log. 10 (6). Washington, D.C.: 215.
  8. "World Tropical Cyclone Records". World Meteorological Organization . Arizona State University . Retrieved December 12, 2013.
  9. Japan Meteorological Agency. "RSMC Best Track Data (Text)" (TXT).
  10. 1 2 "Typhoon Kit Takes 52 Lives". Mt. Vernon Register-News. Tokyo, Japan. Associated Press. June 29, 1966. p. 1.  via Newspapers.com (subscription required)
  11. "Typhoon Kit kills 38". The Oneonta Star. Tokyo, Japan. Associated Press. July 1, 1966. p. 13.  via Newspapers.com (subscription required)
  12. 1 2 "台風196604号 (Kit) - 災害情報" (in Japanese). 国立情報学研究所. 2011. Retrieved March 10, 2015.
  13. "Typhoon Kit Dies Down After Killing Over 50". The Index-Journal. Tokyo, Japan. Associated Press. June 29, 1966. p. 32.  via Newspapers.com (subscription required)
  14. "Hip-Deep Water". The Daily Chronicle. Associated Press. July 1, 1966. p. 4.  via Newspapers.com (subscription required)
  15. "Death of 25 Blamed On Monoxide Exhaust". Albuquerque Journal. Utsunomiya, Japan. United Press International. July 10, 1966. p. 63.  via Newspapers.com (subscription required)