1978 Pacific typhoon season

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1978 Pacific typhoon season
1978 Pacific typhoon season summary map.png
Season summary map
Seasonal boundaries
First system formedJanuary 6, 1978
Last system dissipatedDecember 19, 1978
Strongest storm
Name Rita
  Maximum winds220 km/h (140 mph)
(10-minute sustained)
  Lowest pressure880 hPa (mbar)
Seasonal statistics
Total depressions63
Total storms30
Typhoons16
Super typhoons1 (unofficial)
Total fatalities>371
Total damage> $100 million (1978 USD)
Related articles
Pacific typhoon seasons
1976, 1977, 1978, 1979, 1980

The 1978 Pacific typhoon season was a very active season that produced 31 tropical storms, 16 typhoons and one intense typhoon. It ran year-round in 1978, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

Contents

The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Tropical storms that formed in the basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center while systems that were active in the Philippine area of responsibility were assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA). This often results in the same storm having two names.

Seasonal summary

Typhoon Rita (1978)Typhoon Olive (1978)1978 Pacific typhoon season

33 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 29 became tropical storms. 15 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 1 reached super typhoon strength. Many of the storms either remained at sea or failed to do any damage.

Systems

Severe Tropical Storm Nadine

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Nadine 1978.png   Nadine 1978 track.png
DurationJanuary 6 – January 13
Peak intensity100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min);
970  hPa  (mbar)

Nadine stayed at sea and was the first severe tropical storm of the season. It lived at least 1 week.

Typhoon Olive (Atang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   Olive 1978 track.png
DurationApril 15 – April 26
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min);
955  hPa  (mbar)

On 12:00 UTC on April 11, the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) began to monitor a surface circulation which had formed within the trough. Five days later, the JTWC issued their first warning on the system as it began coalescing. [1] On April 18, the system entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, resulting in PAGASA naming the system Atang. [2] Later that day, the system intensified into a tropical storm, resulting in it being named Olive.

Olive would steadily intensify after it entered the South China Sea on April 20, being in an environment with good outflow aloft and warm Sea surface temperatures, resulting in it intensifying into a typhoon on April 22. Olive would recurve due to a break in the subtropical ridge, peaking with sustained winds of 100 mph (160 km/h) the next day. It accelerated to the east-northeast, steadily weakening due to intruding cool and dry air, resulting in the system becoming extratropical early on April 26. [1]

As Olive passed the Philippines, it would affect nearly 370,000 people in the nation, leaving 3,500 homeless. [3] [4] The MV Leyte, a lengthened ship of the Compania Maritima was caught in it, being wrecked in the southwestern portion of Sibuyan Island as she was on a Manila-Cebu voyage. [5] The Hong Kong Observatory would hoist its Stand-By Signal No. 1 for Hong Kong on April 24 as Oliver was at its closest to the island. [6]

Tropical Storm Polly (Bising)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   Polly 1978 track.png
DurationJune 13 – June 20
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
985  hPa  (mbar)

Polly was the first of three short-lived June systems.

Tropical Storm Rose (Klaring)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   Rose 1978 track.png
DurationJune 21 – June 24
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
990  hPa  (mbar)

Rose was the second of three weak June systems.

Tropical Storm Shirley (Deling)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   Shirley 1978 track.png
DurationJune 26 – June 30
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
992  hPa  (mbar)

Shirley hit Vietnam as a tropical storm.

Typhoon Trix

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   Trix 1978 track.png
DurationJuly 11 – July 23
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min);
965  hPa  (mbar)

Trix did a loop.

Typhoon Virginia

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Virginia 1978.png   Virginia 1978 track.png
DurationJuly 22 – August 2
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min);
975  hPa  (mbar)

Virginia stayed largely at sea.

Typhoon Wendy (Emang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Wendy 1978.png   Wendy 1978 track.png
DurationJuly 22 – August 3
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min);
960  hPa  (mbar)

Wendy ultimately hit Japan.

Severe Tropical Storm Agnes

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Agnes 1978.png   Agnes 1978 track.png
DurationJuly 24 – July 30
Peak intensity100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min);
980  hPa  (mbar)

Agnes formed on July 24, made a complete loop, and struck China on July 29 with winds of 55 mph after peaking at 65 mph. [7] It dissipated the 30th. In Hong Kong Tropical Storm Agnes killed 3 people. [8]

Tropical Storm Bonnie

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Bonnie 1978.png   Bonnie 1978 track.png
DurationAugust 8 – August 12
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
985  hPa  (mbar)

Bonnie hit Vietnam.

Typhoon Carmen (Iliang)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Carmen 1978.png   Carmen 1978 track.png
DurationAugust 10 – August 20
Peak intensity140 km/h (85 mph) (10-min);
970  hPa  (mbar)

Carmen was short-lived.

Tropical Storm Della (Heling)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Della 1978.png   Della 1978 track.png
DurationAugust 10 – August 13
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
985  hPa  (mbar)

Della landed in Taiwan and China.

Tropical Depression Loleng

Tropical depression (PAGASA)
Temporary cyclone north.svg  
DurationAugust 13 – August 17
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1000  hPa  (mbar)

Only recognized by PAGASA.

Tropical Storm 13W

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   13-W 1978 track.png
DurationAugust 14 – August 20
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
999  hPa  (mbar)

13W was weak but hit Japan.

Typhoon Elaine (Miding)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Elaine.png   Elaine 1978 track.png
DurationAugust 18 – August 28
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min);
965  hPa  (mbar)

Elaine struck the Northern Philippines and the Chinese province of Guangdong.

Typhoon Faye

Very strong typhoon (JMA)
Category 3 typhoon (SSHWS)
Faye 1978.png   Faye 1978 track.png
DurationAugust 25 – September 7
Peak intensity165 km/h (105 mph) (10-min);
935  hPa  (mbar)

Faye stayed at sea.

Tropical Storm Gloria (Norming)

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Gloria 1978.png   Gloria 1978 track.png
DurationAugust 28 – August 31
Peak intensity75 km/h (45 mph) (10-min);
992  hPa  (mbar)

Gloria stayed at sea.

Tropical Storm Hester

Tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Hestor 1978.png   Hester 1978 track.png
DurationAugust 28 – September 1
Peak intensity85 km/h (50 mph) (10-min);
990  hPa  (mbar)

Hester stayed away from land.

Typhoon Irma (Ruping)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Irma 1978.png   Irma Pacific 1978 track.png
DurationSeptember 9 – September 15
Peak intensity120 km/h (75 mph) (10-min);
970  hPa  (mbar)

Irma, the eighth typhoon of the 1978 season, developed in the monsoon trough southeast of Taiwan. [9] It made landfall in Honshu, Japan. With winds of up to 120 km/h, Typhoon Irma killed at least 6 people and made about 3,000 homeless. Four people were missing and about 100 were injured by floods and landslides in southwestern Japan. [10] It destroyed or damaged 1,597 homes and left 6,266 homes flooded. [11] Irma smashed windows, overturned cars, and capsized several fishing boats. Several athletes at the Japan-China Friendship Track and Field Meet in Kitakyushu were injured when a freak gust blew them ten feet in the air. A Liberian-registered tanker was swept from its moorings off the port of Kure and drifted for nearly 5 kilometers before running aground off a small island in the Inland Sea. [10] Irma remained a typhoon for only 12 hours becoming the shortest-lived typhoon of the season. [9]

Typhoon Judy

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
Judy 1978.png   Judy 1978 track.png
DurationSeptember 9 – September 17
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min);
950  hPa  (mbar)

Judy did not impact land.

Severe Tropical Storm Kit (Uding)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   Kit 1978 track.png
DurationSeptember 20 – September 26
Peak intensity95 km/h (60 mph) (10-min);
990  hPa  (mbar)

Kit hit Vietnam and The Philippines.

Typhoon Lola (Weling)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Lola 1978.png   Lola 1978 track.png
DurationSeptember 20 – October 2
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min);
965  hPa  (mbar)

Lola hit China and the Philippines.

Typhoon Mamie

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 1 typhoon (SSHWS)
Mamie 1978.png   Mamie 1978 track.png
DurationSeptember 29 – October 4
Peak intensity130 km/h (80 mph) (10-min);
960  hPa  (mbar)

Mamie recurved out to sea.

Severe Tropical Storm Nina (Yaning)

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
NinaOctober121978DMSP.gif   Nina 1978 track.png
DurationOctober 6 – October 16
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min);
975  hPa  (mbar)

According to the official reports, 59 people died and more than 500,000 were in evacuation centers in the Philippines. [12]

Typhoon Ora (Aning)

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
OraOctober121978DMSP.gif   Ora 1978 track.png
DurationOctober 8 – October 15
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min);
940  hPa  (mbar)

Ora brushed Taiwan.

Tropical Depression 25W

Tropical depression (PAGASA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   25-W 1978 track.png
DurationOctober 8 – October 12
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
999  hPa  (mbar)

25W did not affect land.

Tropical Depression 26W (Bidang)

Tropical depression (PAGASA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   Bidang 1978 track.png
DurationOctober 10 – October 16
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1002  hPa  (mbar)

26W followed 25W.

Typhoon Phyllis

Typhoon (JMA)
Category 2 typhoon (SSHWS)
PhyllisOctober181978DMSP.gif   Phyllis 1978 track.png
DurationOctober 13 – October 22
Peak intensity150 km/h (90 mph) (10-min);
955  hPa  (mbar)

Phyllis recurved from Japan.

Typhoon Rita (Kading)

Violent typhoon (JMA)
Category 5 super typhoon (SSHWS)
Typhoon Rita 10-22 (cropped).png   Rita 1978 path.png
DurationOctober 15 – October 29
Peak intensity220 km/h (140 mph) (10-min);
880  hPa  (mbar)

Tropical Depression 28 developed October 15. Three and a half days later, it strengthened into a tropical storm. Rita became a typhoon late on October 19. Rita reached Category 5 status on October 23, reaching a minimum central pressure of 878 millibars on October 25, only 8 milibars higher than Typhoon Tip's record set in 1979. After spending over three consecutive days at that intensity, Rita weakened to a Category 4 and smashed ashore on Luzon. Rita stayed a typhoon during its entire passage over the Philippines and emerged into the South China Sea as a minimal typhoon. Rita then decayed slowly and dissipated as a depression near the coast of Vietnam. The typhoon caused considerable damage and loss of life in the Philippines, though exact numbers are unknown.

Tropical Storm Twenty-seven

Tropical storm (JMA)
Temporary cyclone north.svg  
DurationOctober 30 – November 3
Peak intensity65 km/h (40 mph) (10-min);
994  hPa  (mbar)

Tropical Storm 27 was weak and short-lived.

Severe Tropical Storm Tess

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
TessNovember51978.gif   Tess 1978 track.png
DurationOctober 31 – November 6
Peak intensity110 km/h (70 mph) (10-min);
975  hPa  (mbar)

A tropical depression developed on October 31. The depression was upgraded to a tropical storm on November 2. Tess continued to intensify and reached its peak intensity as a 70 mph (110 km/h) storm; just short of typhoon status. The storm became extratropical on November 7.

Tropical Depression 30W (Delang)

Tropical depression (PAGASA)
Tropical depression (SSHWS)
Temporary cyclone north.svg   Delang 1978 track.png
DurationNovember 15 – November 20
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1002  hPa  (mbar)

30W came close to land.

Typhoon Viola (Esang)

Violent typhoon (JMA)
Category 4 typhoon (SSHWS)
Viola Nov 22 1978 1817Z.png   Viola 1978 track.png
DurationNovember 16 – November 24
Peak intensity195 km/h (120 mph) (10-min);
910  hPa  (mbar)

Increased convective activity in the monsoon trough was first noticed on satellite data on November 14 about 690 mi (1,110 km) southeast of Truk. On November 16, the disturbance was upgraded to Tropical Depression 33. Based on an improved satellite signature, TD 33 was upgraded to Tropical Storm Viola at 1200 UTC November 17. [7] Viola continued to intensify as the storm moved on a northwestward track. [13] Late on November 19 reconnaissance aircraft confirmed that Viola's surface pressure had fallen to 977 mb; and, that an eye was beginning to form. Early on November 20, Viola was upgraded to a typhoon. Viola then started to rapidly intensify and reached peak intensity on November 21 with winds of 145 mph (233 km/h). Viola recurved away from Luzon on November 22. [7] By the next day, the storm had already weakened to a category 1 and further weakened to a tropical storm. Viola dissipated on November 24. [13]

Severe Tropical Storm Winnie

Severe tropical storm (JMA)
Tropical storm (SSHWS)
Winnie Nov 28 1978 1715Z.png   Winnie 1978 track.png
DurationNovember 25 – November 30
Peak intensity100 km/h (65 mph) (10-min);
980  hPa  (mbar)

A tropical depression developed on November 25. It started to intensify while moving on a north-northwestward track. By November 28, it was upgraded to a tropical storm and was named Winnie. On the 29th, Winnie reached its peak intensity as severe tropical storm with (10-min) winds of 65 mph (105 km/h). Winnie became extratropical early on November 30.

Tropical Depression Garding

Tropical depression (JMA)
347N dec 14 1978 0659Z.jpg  
DurationDecember 13 – December 19
Peak intensity55 km/h (35 mph) (10-min);
1004  hPa  (mbar)

The last system of the season, Tropical Depression 63W (Garding) was named by PAGASA.

Storm names

During the season 28 named tropical cyclones developed in the Western Pacific and were named by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center, when it was determined that they had become tropical storms. These names were contributed to a revised list from late 1950. However the JTWC changed their naming scheme by the next year, now including both female and male names.

NadineOlivePollyRoseShirleyTrixVirginiaWendyAgnesBonnieCarmenDellaElaineFaye
GloriaHesterIrmaJudyKitLolaMamieNinaOraPhyllisRitaTessViolaWinnie

One name, Susan, developed over the Central Pacific and was named from this list. The storm never became a part of the West Pacific basin.

Philippines

AkangBisingKlaringDelingEmang
GadingHelingIliangLolengMiding
NormingOyangPasingRupingSusang
TeringUdingWelingYaning
Auxiliary list
AningBidangKadingDelangEsang
Garding

The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration uses its own naming scheme for tropical cyclones in their area of responsibility. PAGASA assigns names to tropical depressions that form within their area of responsibility and any tropical cyclone that might move into their area of responsibility. Should the list of names for a given year prove to be insufficient, names are taken from an auxiliary list, the first 6 of which are published each year before the season starts. Names not retired from this list will be used again in the 1982 season. This is the same list used for the 1974 season. PAGASA uses its own naming scheme that starts in the Filipino alphabet, with names of Filipino female names ending with "ng" (A, B, K, D, etc.). Names that were not assigned/going to use are marked in gray.

Retirement

Due to extreme damages and death toll caused by Typhoon Rita (Kading), PAGASA retired the name Kading in its auxiliary list. The name replaced was Katring.

Season effects

This table will list all the storms that developed in the northwestern Pacific Ocean west of the International Date Line and north of the equator during 1978. It will include their intensity, duration, name, areas affected, deaths, missing persons (in parentheses), and damage totals. Classification and intensity values will be based on estimations conducted by the JMA. All damage figures will be in 1978 USD. Damages and deaths from a storm will include when the storm was a precursor wave or an extratropical low.

NameDatesPeak intensityAreas affectedDamage
(USD)
DeathsRefs
Category Wind speedPressure
NadineJanuary 6 – 13Severe tropical storm100 km/h (62 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg) Marshall Islands None None
Olive (Atang)April 15 – May 1Typhoon150 km/h (93 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg) Palau, Philippines, Taiwan Unknown3
TDJune 7Tropical depressionNot specified1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)Philippines None None
TDJune 10Tropical depressionNot specified1008 hPa (29.77 inHg)Philippines None None
TDJune 12 – 13Tropical depressionNot specified1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)Philippines None None
Polly (Bising)June 14 – 20Tropical storm85 km/h (53 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg) Ryukyu Islands, Japan None None
Rose (Klaring)June 21 – 25Tropical storm85 km/h (53 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Philippines, Taiwan None None
Shirley (Deling)June 28 – July 2Tropical storm85 km/h (53 mph)992 hPa (29.29 inHg)Philippines, Vietnam, Cambodia Unknown None
TDJuly 7 – 11Tropical depressionNot specified1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)Japan None None
TrixJuly 11 – 24Typhoon130 km/h (81 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg) Ryukyu Islands, China Unknown Unknown
TDJuly 16Tropical depressionNot specified1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)None None None
Wendy (Emang)July 22 – August 3Typhoon130 km/h (81 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)Ryukyu Islands, Japan None None
VirginiaJuly 22 – August 3Typhoon150 km/h (93 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Japan NoneNone
AgnesJuly 22 – 31Severe tropical storm100 km/h (62 mph)980 hPa (29.09 inHg) South China None3
TDJuly 31Tropical depressionNot specified1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)None None None
TDAugust 4 – 5Tropical depressionNot specified1002 hPa (29.65 inHg)Taiwan None None
GadingAugust 4 – 8Tropical depression55 km/h (34 mph)1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)Taiwan None None
BonnieAugust 9 – 13Tropical storm75 km/h (47 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg) South China, Vietnam None None
Carmen (Iliang)August 9 – 20Typhoon165 km/h (103 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Ryukyu Islands, East China, Korea Unknown None
Della (Heling)August 9 – 13Tropical storm85 km/h (53 mph)985 hPa (29.09 inHg)Philippines, Taiwan, China None None
LolengAugust 13 – 17Tropical depression55 km/h (34 mph)1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)Philippines, South China None None
TDAugust 14Tropical depressionNot specified1002 hPa (29.65 inHg)Taiwan None None
13WAugust 18 – 20Tropical storm75 km/h (47 mph)998 hPa (29.47 inHg)Japan None None
TDAugust 18 – 19Tropical depressionNot specified1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)Palau None None
TDAugust 20Tropical depressionNot specified1002 hPa (29.65 inHg)Taiwan None None
Elaine (Miding)August 21 – 29Typhoon120 km/h (75 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Philippines, South China Unknown Unknown
TDAugust 22 – 24Tropical depressionNot specified1008 hPa (29.77 inHg)Korean Peninsula None None
TDAugust 26Tropical depressionNot specified1008 hPa (29.77 inHg)Ryukyu Islands None None
FayeAugust 27 – September 10Typhoon165 km/h (103 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg) Mariana Islands, Taiwan None None
Gloria (Norming)August 27 – 31Tropical storm75 km/h (47 mph)992 hPa (29.29 inHg)Ryukyu Islands None None
HesterAugust 28 – September 1Tropical storm85 km/h (53 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Japan None None
OyangAugust 29 – 30Tropical depression45 km/h (28 mph)Not specifiedPhilippines None None
TDAugust 31 – September 2Tropical depressionNot specified1002 hPa (29.59 inHg)None None None
TDSeptember 2 – 7Tropical depressionNot specified1002 hPa (29.59 inHg)Ryukyu Islands, Taiwan None None
Irma (Ruping)September 9 – 15Typhoon120 km/h (75 mph)935 hPa (27.61 inHg)Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands, Japan None6
PasingSeptember 9 – 15Tropical depression55 km/h (34 mph)1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)Vietnam None None
JudySeptember 9 – 17Typhoon150 km/h (93 mph)950 hPa (28.05 inHg)None None None
TDSeptember 10 – 11Tropical depression55 km/h (34 mph)1006 hPa (29.71 inHg)Taiwan None None
SusangSeptember 13 – 19Tropical depression55 km/h (34 mph)1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)Palau, Philippines, Vietnam None None
TDSeptember 17Tropical depressionNot specified1008 hPa (29.77 inHg)Palau None None
Kit (Uding)September 20 – 28Severe tropical storm95 km/h (59 mph)990 hPa (29.23 inHg)Philippines, South China, Vietnam Unknown Unknown
TeringSeptember 21 – 22Tropical depression55 km/h (34 mph)998 hPa (29.47 inHg)Philippines None None
TDSeptember 21 − 22Tropical depressionNot specified1008 hPa (29.77 inHg)Ryukyu Islands None None
Lola (Weling)September 24 – October 5Typhoon130 km/h (81 mph)965 hPa (28.50 inHg)Philippines, South China Unknown Unknown
MamieSeptember 30 – October 5Typhoon130 km/h (81 mph)960 hPa (28.35 inHg)None None None
TDOctober 5Tropical depressionNot specified1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)None None None
Nina (Yaning)October 5 – 17Severe tropical storm110 km/h (68 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Philippines, South China, Vietnam Unknown59
Ora (Aning)October 8 – 15Typhoon150 km/h (93 mph)940 hPa (27.76 inHg)Taiwan, Ryukyu Islands None None
25WOctober 11 – 14Tropical depression55 km/h (34 mph)1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)None None None
26W (Bidang)October 11 – 17Tropical depression55 km/h (34 mph)1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)Caroline Islands, Philippines None None
PhyllisOctober 15 – 23Typhoon150 km/h (93 mph)955 hPa (28.20 inHg)None None None
Rita (Kading)October 17 – 30Typhoon220 km/h (140 mph)880 hPa (25.98 inHg)Caroline Islands, Mariana Islands, Philippines$100 million>300
Twenty-sevenOctober 29 – November 3Tropical storm65 km/h (40 mph)994 hPa (29.35 inHg)Philippines, Vietnam None None
TessOctober 31 – November 7Severe tropical storm110 km/h (68 mph)975 hPa (28.79 inHg)Philippines, South China, Vietnam None None
TDNovember 9 – 11Tropical depressionNot specified1008 hPa (29.77 inHg)Vietnam None None
TDNovember 10 – 12Tropical depressionNot specified1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)Philippines None None
TDNovember 15 – 16Tropical depressionNot specified1008 hPa (29.77 inHg)Vietnam None None
30W (Delang)November 16 – 20Tropical depression55 km/h (34 mph)1000 hPa (29.53 inHg)Philippines None None
Viola (Esang)November 17 – 24Typhoon195 km/h (121 mph)910 hPa (26.97 inHg)Caroline Islands None None
TDNovember 25 – December 1Tropical depressionNot specified1004 hPa (29.65 inHg) Malaysia None None
WinnieNovember 25 – 30Severe tropical storm100 km/h (62 mph)980 hPa (28.94 inHg)Mariana Islands None None
TDDecember 4Tropical depressionNot specified1008 hPa (29.77 inHg)None None None
GardingDecember 13 – 19Tropical depression55 km/h (34 mph)1004 hPa (29.65 inHg)Philippines Unknown None
Season aggregates
63 systemsJanuary 6 – December 19, 1978220 km/h (140 mph)880 hPa (25.98 inHg)>$100 million>371

See also

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2005 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 2005 Pacific typhoon season was the least active typhoon season since 2000, producing 23 named storms, of which 13 became typhoons. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation, in which tropical cyclones form in the western Pacific Ocean. The season ran throughout 2005, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Kulap, developed on January 13, while the season's last named storm, Bolaven, dissipated on November 20. The season's first typhoon, Haitang, reached typhoon status on July 13, and became the first super typhoon of the year three days later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2000 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 2000 Pacific typhoon season marked the first year using names contributed by the World Meteorological Organization. It was a rather below-average season, producing a total of 23 tropical storms, 13 typhoons and 4 intense typhoons. The season ran throughout 2000, though typically most tropical cyclones develop between May and October. The season's first named storm, Damrey, developed on May 7, while the season's last named storm, Soulik, dissipated on January 4 of the next year. The Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) index for the 2000 Pacific typhoon season as calculated by Colorado State University using data from the Joint Typhoon Warning Center was 252.9 units.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1998 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1998 Pacific typhoon season was the least active Pacific typhoon season on record, until it was surpassed 12 years later. It would produce 16 tropical storms, 8 strengthening into typhoons. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1998 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical Storms formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions in this basin have the "W" suffix added to their number. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1995 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1995 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly below average season in terms of named storms, ending a 6-year stretch of above average activity. It occurred all year round, though most tropical cyclones formed between May and November.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1993 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1993 Pacific typhoon season was the most active season for the Philippines, seeing a total of 32 storms forming or entering their area of responsibility. Overall, it was an average season, spawning 28 tropical storms, 15 typhoons and three super typhoons. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1993, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1985 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1985 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly above average season in terms of named storms, though most storms were weak and short-lived. The season had 28 named storms, 15 typhoons and 1 super typhoon. It ran year-round, thus ending the two-season run which began in 1983 that only had tropical cyclones forming between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 57 tropical depressions formed this year, of which only 28 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. This made the season well above average. Additionally, tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility were assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names. This year, a total of 17 storms were named this way.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1980 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1980 Pacific typhoon season was a slightly-below average season when compared to the long-term average, though it featured several intense storms. It ran year-round in 1980, but most tropical cyclones formed between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. A total of 28 tropical depressions formed this year in the Western Pacific, of which 24 became tropical storms and were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Beginning in March, tropical cyclones formed in each subsequent month through December. Of the 24 named storms, 15 storms reached typhoon intensity, of which 2 reached super typhoon strength.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1979 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1979 Pacific typhoon season featured the largest and most intense tropical cyclone recorded globally, Typhoon Tip. The season also used both male and female names as tropical cyclone names for the first time. Additionally, the season was slightly below-average in terms of tropical cyclone activity, with only 24 storms, 12 typhoons, and 4 super typhoons developing. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1979, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1977 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1977 Pacific typhoon season was one of the least active Pacific typhoon seasons on record, with only 19 tropical storms forming. It was also the second of three known typhoon seasons during the satellite era to not produce a Category 5-equivalent super typhoon, sandwiched between the 1974 and 2017 seasons. The season's first storm, Severe Tropical Storm Patsy, formed on March 23 and the last, Typhoon Mary, dissipated on January 2, 1978. With Mary spanning two calendar years, it became the fourth typhoon to do so since 1945. Since then, two other typhoons have achieved this feat.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1976 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1976 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1976, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1970 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1970 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1970, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1975 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1975 Pacific typhoon season was one of the deadliest tropical cyclone seasons on record, with nearly 229,000 fatalities occurring during the season. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1975, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1974 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1974 Pacific typhoon season was the first season on record to not feature a Category 5 equivalent super typhoon; a feat later repeated by the 1977 and 2017 seasons. Even so, the season was overly active, with 32 tropical storms and 16 typhoons being developed this year. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1974, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1972 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1972 Pacific typhoon season was an above average season, producing 31 tropical storms, 24 typhoons and 2 intense typhoons. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1972, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1969 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1969 Pacific typhoon season was the fourth least-active season on record. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1969, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1968 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1968 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1968, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1967 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1967 Pacific typhoon season was one of the most active Pacific typhoon seasons on record, witnessing the formation of 35 tropical storms during the season. It began on January 1, 1967, though most storms usually form between June and December within the basin. The first storm of the season, Ruby, formed on January 28 west of the Philippines. The scope of this article is limited to the Pacific Ocean, north of the equator and west of the International Date Line. Storms that form east of the date line and north of the equator are called hurricanes; see 1967 Pacific hurricane season. Tropical depressions that are monitored by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) were given a numerical designation with a "W" suffix, and any storms reaching 1-minute sustained winds of over 40 mph were given a name. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">1965 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 1965 Pacific typhoon season has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1965, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between June and December. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2008 Pacific typhoon season</span>

The 2008 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season which featured 22 named storms, eleven typhoons, and two super typhoons. The season had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 2008, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Timeline of the 2013 Pacific typhoon season</span>

Most of the tropical cyclones of the 2013 Pacific typhoon season formed between May and November of that year. The scope of this article is the Pacific Ocean north of the equator, between 100°E and the International Date Line. Tropical storms which form in the Western Pacific basin are assigned a name by the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA). Tropical depressions forming in this basin are given a number with a "W" suffix by the United States' Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC). The Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration (PAGASA) assigns names to tropical cyclones that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility, but these names are not in common use outside the Philippines.

References

  1. 1 2 1978 TCR – Joint Typhoon Warning Center (Retrieved 1/17/24)
  2. "DESTRUCTIVE TYPHOONS 1970-2003". baseportal.com. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  3. "DESTRUCTIVE TYPHOONS 1970-2003". baseportal.com. Retrieved 2024-01-18.
  4. "Typhoon". The Canberra Times . April 27, 1978. Retrieved October 23, 2016 via Trove.
  5. "Typhoon "Atang" | Philippine Ship Spotters Society". psssonline.wordpress.com. Retrieved 2016-10-23.
  6. "Meteorological Statistics 1978: Part 3 (Tropical Cyclone Summaries)" (PDF). Hong Kong Observatory : 14. 1979.
  7. 1 2 3 1978 ATCR TABLE OF CONTENTS Archived 2011-06-06 at the Wayback Machine
  8. "Historical Information". Archived from the original on 2015-05-16. Retrieved 2007-12-17.
  9. 1 2 Morford, Dean R.; Lavin, James K. (January 1, 1995). "1978 Annual Typhoon Report" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on April 30, 2017. Retrieved October 23, 2016.
  10. 1 2 "Typhoon Irma leaves 3,000 homeless". The Canberra Times . September 18, 1978. Retrieved September 22, 2016 via Trove.
  11. "Typhoon brushes Japan; 6 die (September 16, 1978)" . Retrieved 2016-10-23.
  12. "59 flood deaths". The Canberra Times . October 13, 1978. Retrieved October 23, 2016 via Trove.
  13. 1 2 "Typhoon #31 (16-24 NOV 1978)". Unisys Weather. Retrieved 19 January 2017.