![]() Typhoon Yancy at peak intensity on August 18 | |
Meteorological history | |
---|---|
Formed | August 11, 1990 |
Dissipated | August 23, 1990 |
Typhoon | |
10-minute sustained (JMA) | |
Highest winds | 150 km/h (90 mph) |
Lowest pressure | 950 hPa (mbar);28.05 inHg |
Category 2-equivalent typhoon | |
1-minute sustained (SSHWS/JTWC) | |
Highest winds | 165 km/h (105 mph) |
Overall effects | |
Fatalities | 284 |
Injuries | 927 |
Missing | 74 |
Damage | ~$384 million (1990 USD) |
Areas affected | Philippines,Taiwan,China |
IBTrACS | |
Part of the 1990 Pacific typhoon season |
Typhoon Yancy,known as Typhoon Gading in the Philippines,was an erratic tropical cyclone that delivered significant impacts in Taiwan and southeastern China in 1990. Originating from an area of disturbed weather within the monsoon trough,it organized into Tropical Storm Yancy on August 14. The system moved westward for several days and slowly gathered strength,becoming a typhoon on August 16 and reaching one-minute peak winds of 165 km/h (105 mph) the next day. Yancy moved erratically as it skirted along the northern coastline of Taiwan and made a subsequent landfall in southeastern China,where it lingered for several days before dissipating on August 23.
The storm capsized two ships offshore the Philippines. In Taiwan,torrential rainfall ruined 9,900 ha (24,400 acres) of crops,caused landslides that disrupted travel,damaged houses,downed trees,and cut power to 525,000 families. In the Fujian,Zhejiang,and Guangdong provinces of China,the cyclone damaged tens of thousands of homes,razed crops,and damaged seawalls. About 400,000 residents were left homeless throughout those locales. Along Yancy's path,284 people were killed,74 more were left missing,and over 927 others were injured. Total damage was estimated to be around $384 million (1990 USD).
At 06:00 UTC on August 9, Yancy was first noted by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) in a Significant Tropical Weather Advisory as an area of persistent convection. [nb 1] What would eventually develop into Typhoon Yancy initially began as a low-level convective center on the eastern side of a monsoon depression. [2] For a period lasting four days, multiple vortices persisted at low latitudes prior to their ultimate consolidation into Yancy. During its early stages of formation, Yancy moved in an inconsistent manner as mesoscale convective elements developed and decayed, and up until August 13, Yancy adopted a steady westward track. During this period, the JTWC issued three Tropical Cyclone Formation Alerts (TCFAs). [2] The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA), meanwhile, began monitoring the system on August 11. [3] [nb 2]
Of the aforementioned TCFAs, the first was issued at 21:00 UTC on August 11 based on the improving state of the disturbance's central convection and upper-level outflow coupled with decreasing barometric pressure at multiple nearby stations on land. A second alert was issued at 14:00 UTC the following day in response to a northward shift of a low-level center and further decreases in surface pressure. The third and final TCFA was issued at 14:00 UTC on August 13 as the system continued to organize. Four hours later, the JTWC issued its first warning on the newly upgraded tropical depression. It was upgraded to Tropical Storm Yancy at 12:00 UTC August 14 based on increased curvature of convection and consolidation of the cyclonic center, [2] though the JMA assessed this upgrade twelve hours sooner. [3] Beyond August 13, Yancy continued to follow a westward track, but it did so at a quicker pace. This period of rapid movement lasted for two days as the storm moved under the influence of an intensifying subtropical ridge to the north. At 12:00 UTC on August 16, the JTWC determined that Yancy had strengthened into a typhoon. [2] [5]
Yancy's trajectory shifted from westward to north-northwestward after the subtropical ridge weakened in response to a shortwave trough moving off the coast of China. The typhoon continued to move in this direction for eighteen hours; beyond this point, the subtropical ridge re-strengthened and Yancy continued its westward trajectory. According to JTWC data, Yancy intensified into the equivalent of a Category 2 on the Saffir–Simpson scale at 18:00 UTC on August 17, peaking in intensity six hours later with one-minute sustained winds of 90 knots (165 km/h; 105 mph). [2] [5] JMA data, however, placed Yancy's peak intensity eighteen hours later, with ten-minute sustained winds of 80 knots (150 km/h; 90 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 28.05 inHg (950 mbar). [3] On August 18, just as the cyclone was peaking in intensity, it developed an eye. Yancy then proceeded to carry out a trochoidal oscillation, [2] tracking across Taiwan the next day. [3] Yancy's interaction with mountainous terrain on the island, and later the Chinese mainland, caused it to weaken. [2] JMA data reflects this weakening, with Yancy's winds decreasing to severe tropical storm intensity at 18:00 UTC August 19 and tropical storm intensity twelve hours later. [3] The JTWC downgraded Yancy to a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC August 20; thirty hours later, the agency downgraded the storm to a tropical depression, simultaneously issuing its final warning and declaring Yancy dissipated. [2] The JMA similarly found that Yancy had weakened to a tropical depression on August 22, and it stopped tracking the system the next day. [3]
In the Philippines where Yancy was known by the PAGASA name "Gading", [6] [nb 3] , a monsoon surge triggered by the storm resulted in significant rainfall which flooded areas across northern Luzon. Over 60,000 residents fled to evacuation centers. [2] Offshore, two ships capsized in rough seas generated by the storm's large circulation. Six people were killed, four people were reported missing, and eight people were injured in the marine accidents. [8]
To the north in Taiwan, heavy rains up to 1,194 mm (47.0 in) in the Alishan Range and 718.5 mm (28.29 in) on Yu Shan were recorded. [9] These rains caused extensive flooding that washed away 9,900 ha (24,400 acres) of rice, vegetable, and fruit plantations. [10] The combination of floods and landslides caused many railways and roads to be blocked with hundreds of trees being uprooted. One house was collapsed and seven other homes were damaged by the storm. In Taipei alone, about 525,000 families lost power. In the Port of Keelung, one fishing vessel capsized and a 31,600 ton ship Livi was run aground. [8] The severe weather shut down Taoyuan International Airport for two days. [11] In total, thirteen people were killed across the island, [8] with seven people being reported missing after being washed away by floods, [10] and fourteen others were injured from falling objects. [8] [12] Five of these deaths occurred when five cars were swept off a bridge; [12] additional fatalities occurred either by flying signs and debris or as a result of electrocution by downed power lines. [13] Total damage across Taiwan was estimated at NT$2.7 billion. [8]
Yancy delivered significant impact to southeastern China. In Fujian, where the cyclone meandered for days and contributed to more than 610 mm (24 in), [14] more than 4 million residents were directly affected. [15] More than 40,000 houses were damaged or destroyed, and 157 boats were swept away. About 171,300 ha (423,000 acres) of farmland were inundated by flooding, [8] of which 40,000 ha (100,000 acres) occurred in Fuqing County alone. [16] Up to 237 km (147 mi) of communication lines were damaged. Additional damage was inflicted to 447 bridges and 20,000 sites of irrigation works. The total cost was estimated at $900 million RMB. The storm killed 161 people and injured 468 more in that province, [8] many of whom died in collapsed buildings. [17] In neighboring Zhejiang, about 20,700 homes were damaged. The hardest hit locale was Wenzhou, where approximately 99,000 ha (240,000 acres) of land suffered extensive flooding, [8] and where grain losses amounted to 20,000 tons. [18] Total damage was estimated at $450 million RMB. A total of 96 people were killed, 63 others were reported missing, and more than 400 more were injured. An additional 7,800 heads of livestock were killed as well. [8] Throughout both the Fujian and Zhejiang provinces, seawalls and dikes were damaged. [19] In the two months leading up to Yancy's impact, the region had been struck by four typhoons. [20] In eastern Guangdong, the effects of the storm, chiefly from heavy rainfall, collapsed 4,800 homes and inundated about 89,000 ha (220,000 acres) of farmland. Eight people were killed and another thirty-seven people were injured. [8] Throughout the entirety of southeastern China, 400,000 residents were left homeless. [21]
The 2001 Pacific typhoon season was the fourth and final consecutive year with below-average activity, mainly due to the presence of a strong La Niña that had persisted from 1998 to 2001. However, it was more active than the previous seasons, producing twenty-five named storms, sixteen typhoons and three super typhoons, with a near normal Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE) of 307.3 units. It ran year-round in 2001, with most tropical cyclones in the northwestern Pacific Ocean tending between May and November.
The 1990 Pacific typhoon season was another active season. It has no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1990, but most tropical cyclones tend to form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean between May and November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northwestern Pacific Ocean.
The 1988 Pacific typhoon season was a very active season in terms of named storms, though it only featured 11 typhoons and 1 super typhoon. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1988, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire west Pacific basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 1987 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season, though it featured a relatively high amount of typhoons. It had no official bounds; it ran year-round in 1987, but most tropical cyclones formed between May and November. Tropical storms that formed in the entire basin were assigned a name by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center. Tropical depressions that enter or form in the Philippine area of responsibility are assigned a name by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical and Astronomical Services Administration or PAGASA. This can often result in the same storm having two names.
The 2009 Pacific typhoon season was a below average season that spawned only 22 named storms, 13 typhoons, and five super typhoons. It was also recognized as the deadliest season in the Philippines for decades. The first half of the season was very quiet whereas the second half of the season was extremely active. The season's first named storm, Kujira, developed on May 3 while the season's last named storm, Nida, dissipated on December 3.
Typhoon Alex, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Etang, affected the Taiwan, China, and South Korea during July 1987. Typhoon Alex developed from the monsoon trough that spawned a tropical disturbance late on July 21 southwest of Guam which organized into a tropical depression shortly thereafter. The system steadily became better organized, and the next day, a tropical depression had developed. Satellite intensity estimates gradually increased, and on July 23, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Alex. After initially tracking west-northwest, Tropical Storm Alex started tracking northwest. An eye developed on July 24, and on the next day, Alex was classified as a typhoon, when Alex attained its peak intensity of 120 km/h (75 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 970 mbar (29 inHg). Alex weakened while tracking more northward, though interaction with Taiwan resulted in a more westward track starting on July 27. The storm struck near Shanghai as a tropical storm, and weakened over land, although it remained identifiable through August 2.
Typhoon Amy, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Gening, was the second typhoon to strike China in a week during mid-July 1991. An area of convection was first observed on July 13 within the vicinity of Yap. A tropical depression developed the next day. While initially tracking westward, the system slowly deepened, becoming Tropical Storm Amy on July 16. After briefly turning northwestward, Amy intensified into a typhoon on July 17. Continuing to intensify as it tracked through the Luzon Strait, Amy reached its peak intensity of 175 km/h (110 mph) on July 18. That evening, the typhoon began to show signs of weakening, although it was still believed to have been a typhoon when it made landfall in the province of Guangdong on July 19, becoming the strongest tropical cyclone to hit the province in 22 years. Once inland, the storm rapidly weakened, and by late on July 20, had dissipated completely.
Typhoon Cecil, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Loleng, was a mid-season tropical cyclone that affected Japan and South Korea during August 1982. An area of disturbed weather formed to the north of Truk on July 31 and tracked westward over the next several days. Following an increase in shower activity and a decrease in wind shear, a tropical depression developed on August 4. Two days later, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm. After turning northwestward and then northward, Cecil intensified into a typhoon on August 7, and then began to deepen at a rapid clip. On August 8, Cecil attained its maximum intensity as it brushed Taiwan. There, 19 people were killed, including 4 in Wugu District, where 2,800 families sought shelter. After pulling away from Taiwan, Typhoon Cecil moved northwestward, and then on August 10, turned to the north-northeast. Colder air, cooler waters, and higher shear contributed to a weakening trend, and Cecil was downgraded to a tropical storm on August 11. Although Cecil passed east of Japan, it came close enough to the country to drop heavy rains. Nation-wide, three people were killed and two were injured. A total of 2,100 households lost power in Hinokage. On August 14, Cecil turned east and struck South Korea as a minimal tropical storm before dissipating over the Sea of Japan. Throughout South Korea, 35 people were killed, 28 went missing, and 28 others sustained injuries. Almost 1,300 houses were flooded, which resulted in 6,200 people becoming homeless. Damage was estimated at US$30 million.
Typhoon Faye also known in the Philippines as Typhoon Norming was a long-lived typhoon that struck the Philippines in August 1982. On August 16, a weak tropical disturbance was moving towards the southern Philippines. Initially, land interaction with the Philippines with prevented significant development. After crossing the Philippines, the disturbance emerged into the South China Sea and increased in organization. It was upgraded into a tropical storm by midday on August 22. Thereafter, Faye began to steadily strengthen, and attained typhoon intensity later that day. On August 23, Typhoon Faye reached its peak intensity, which the storm would maintain for approximately 12 hours. A small cyclone, Faye moved northward on August 24 due to the weakening of a ridge over China. Thereafter, its center was disrupted by land interaction with the Philippines. As such, the storm weakened slightly before striking Luzon on the morning of August 25. Severe flooding and strong winds were recorded. More than 5,000 houses were damaged while 220,000 were homeless. Furthermore, around 7,000 people sought shelter. There were 18 injuries and 41 deaths in the Philippines. Overall, damage amounted to $9.6 million (1982 USD). Across Japan, two people perished.
Typhoon Matmo, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Henry, was the first tropical cyclone to impact Taiwan in 2014. It was the tenth named storm and the fourth typhoon of the 2014 Pacific typhoon season. The typhoon is believed to be one of the main reasons behind the crash of TransAsia Airways Flight 222, which occurred a day after it made landfall. There were fifty-four passengers on board and a crew of four, of whom 48 were killed. Taiwan News reported that "first suspicions hinted" the accident might be related to Matmo. The typhoon developed from a cluster of thundershowers consolidating around an area of low pressure in the doldrums. It initially followed a westward track, then made a sharp northwest turn before making landfall on Taiwan, and then China. After moving further inland, Matmo slowly curved back northeastwards and became extratropical before its remnants affected the Korean Peninsula.
Typhoon Abe, known as Typhoon Iliang in the Philippines, was the fourteenth named storm of 1990 Pacific typhoon season. Forming on August 23 from a tropical disturbance, the depression which would eventually develop into Typhoon Abe initially tracked in a steady west-northwestward direction. As a result of an intense monsoon surge, Abe's trajectory briefly changed to an eastward then northward path before returning to its original track. Abe only intensified by a small amount between 00:00 UTC August 24 and 06:00 UTC August 27 due to the disruptive effects of the surge, and on August 30, Abe peaked in intensity as a Category 2-equivalent typhoon on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale. After peaking in intensity, Abe crossed the Ryukyu Islands and the East China Sea, making landfall in China where it affected the provinces of Zhejiang and Jiangsu before entering the Yellow Sea, crossing South Korea, and finally transitioning into an extratropical cyclone.
Typhoon Gerald, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Neneng, affected the Philippines, Taiwan, and China during September 1987. A tropical depression developed on September 4, and within 24 hours, intensified into a tropical storm. After initially moving erratically within the Philippine Sea, Gerald moved west-northwest and then northwest while steadily deepening. Gerald obtained typhoon intensity on September 8, and the following day, attained maximum intensity. Shortly thereafter, the typhoon skirted southwestern Taiwan, which resulted in a steady weakening trend. On September 10, Gerald moved ashore north of Hong Kong near Amoy. Gerald dissipated the next day.
Severe Tropical Storm Warren, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Reming, affected the Philippines during October 1984. An area of convection was first observed on October 17 in the Philippine Sea. After killing 17 while crossing the archipelago, the system developed into a tropical storm on October 23. Warren moved north and later north-northwest but late on October 24, the storm began to meander in the South China Sea. On October 26, Warren drifted west while attaining peak strength. Two days later, Warren turned back to the east-northeast and away from the Philippines. A weakened trend began on October 29 as the storm entertained cooler, drier air. Despite this, the storm's center of circulation remained well-defined until Warren moved ashore in Vietnam on November 1. Warren dissipated the next day.
The 2021 Pacific typhoon season was the second consecutive to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-two named storms, and was the least active since 2011. Nine became typhoons, and five of those intensified into super typhoons. This low activity was caused by a strong La Niña that had persisted from the previous year. The season's first named storm, Dujuan, developed on February 16, while the last named storm, Rai, dissipated on December 21. The season's first typhoon, Surigae, reached typhoon status on April 16. It became the first super typhoon of the year on the next day, also becoming the strongest tropical cyclone in 2021. Surigae was also the most powerful tropical cyclone on record in the Northern Hemisphere for the month of April. Typhoons In-fa and Rai are responsible for more than half of the total damage this season, adding up to a combined total of $2.02 billion.
The 2022 Pacific typhoon season was the third consecutive season to have below average tropical cyclone activity, with twenty-five named storms forming. Of the tropical storms, ten became typhoons, and three would intensify into super typhoons. The season saw near-average activity by named storm count, although many of the storms were weak and short-lived, particularly towards the end of the season. This low activity was caused by an unusually strong La Niña that had persisted from 2020. The season's first named storm, Malakas, developed on April 6, while the last named storm, Pakhar, dissipated on December 12. The season's first typhoon, Malakas, reached typhoon status on April 12. The season ran throughout 2022, though most tropical cyclones typically develop between May and October. Tropical storms Megi and Nalgae were responsible for more than half of the casualties, while typhoons Hinnamnor and Nanmadol both caused $1 billion in damages.
Typhoon Warren, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Huaning, struck the Philippines and China during July 1988. An area of disturbed weather developed within the vicinity of the Caroline Islands during the second week of July. A tropical depression developed southeast of Guam on July 12, and on the next day, intensified into a tropical storm. Tracking generally west-northwest, Warren deepened into a typhoon on July 14. The storm subsequently entered a period of rapid intensification, commencing with Warren reaching its highest intensity on July 16. The following evening, the typhoon brushed Luzon, resulting in a weakening trend, although Warren was still a typhoon when it made landfall near Shantou. Warren rapidly dissipated inland.
The 2023 Pacific typhoon season was the fourth consecutive below-average season and became the third-most inactive typhoon season on record in terms of named storms, with just 17 named storms developing, only ahead of 2010 and 1998. Despite the season occurring during an El Niño event, which typically favors activity in the basin, activity was abnormally low. This was primarily due to a consistent period of negative PDO, which typically discourages tropical storm formation in this basin. The season was less active than the 2023 Atlantic hurricane season in terms of named storms, the fourth such season on record, after 2005, 2010 and 2020; and the first during an El Niño event. The season's number of storms also did not exceed that of the 2023 Pacific hurricane season. Only ten became typhoons, with four strengthening further into super typhoons. However, it was very destructive, primarily due to Typhoon Doksuri which devastated the northern Philippines, Taiwan, and China in July, becoming the costliest typhoon on record as well as the costliest typhoon to hit mainland China, and Typhoon Haikui in September, which devastated China, Taiwan, and Hong Kong. The season was less active in Southeast Asia, with no tropical storm making landfall in mainland Vietnam.
Typhoon Ofelia, known as Typhoon Bising in the Philippines, was the first of two typhoons in 1990 to directly affect the Philippines within a week. Typhoon Ofelia originated from an area of disturbed weather embedded in the monsoon trough situated near the Caroline Islands. Slowly organizing, the disturbance tracked westward, and was designated a tropical depression on June 15. After an increase in convection, the depression was upgraded into a tropical storm on June 17. On June 19, Ofelia turned northwest and after development of a central dense overcast, Ofelia was upgraded into a typhoon late on June 20. After turning north, Ofelia obtained its maximum intensity following the development of an eye. The typhoon skirted past the northeastern tip of Luzon and near the east coast of Taiwan, commencing a rapid weakening trend. On the evening on June 23, Ofelia struck the southern portion of Zhejiang. The storm then began to track north, recurving towards the Korean Peninsula. The storm tracked through the province of Jiangsu, and at 00:00 UTC on June 24, transitioned into an extratropical cyclone, only to merge with a frontal zone on June 25.
Typhoon Toraji, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Isang, was one of the deadliest tropical cyclones to hit the island country of Taiwan, since 1961. The eight named storm and the third typhoon of the 2001 Pacific typhoon season, Toraji's origins were from an area of convection that persisted to the west of Guam. Moving north-northwest over favorable conditions, the disturbance intensified to a tropical depression, while the JTWC issued a TCFA on the newly developed system. On July 26, the depression entered the Philippine Area of Responsibility, with the PAGASA naming it Isang. Strong easterly wind shear inhibited further development; however, as the shear relaxed, both the JTWC and PAGASA upgraded the system to a tropical storm with also the JMA following suit hours later. Now named Toraji, the storm slowly intensified, reaching typhoon status on the next day. Toraji continued to gain strength until it made landfall as a Category 2 typhoon near Taipei on July 29. Despite the rugged terrains of the country, the JTWC upgraded the system further to a Category 3, shortly before weakening as it moved offshore on Taiwan Strait. The JMA and PAGASA downgraded the typhoon to a tropical storm, with the latter issuing their final advisory as it moved out of their AOR. It continued to weaken, with the JTWC also downgrading the system to a tropical storm, before making landfall near Fuzhou on July 31 before it was last noted by the next day.
Typhoon Lola, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Monang, was a deadly typhoon that impacted the Philippines and Indochina. The 47th tropical depression, 26th named storm, and 14th typhoon of the 1993 Pacific typhoon season, the origins of Lola can be traced back to an active near-equatorial trough. The JTWC began monitoring an area of convection on November 27, and on December 1, it developed into a tropical depression. The JMA upgraded the depression to a tropical storm the next day, with the JTWC giving it the name Lola on December 3. 12 hours later, the JMA upgraded Lola to a severe tropical storm. On December 4 at 6:00 UTC, the JTWC upgraded Lola to a typhoon. Shortly after, Lola reached its initial peak intensity, with the JMA assessing that it had peaked with a minimum central pressure of 955 hPa; Lola made landfall near the municipality of Vinzons on December 5 at 12:00 UTC. After making landfall, Lola weakened to a tropical storm as it emerged over the South China Sea on December 6, before re-strengthening into a typhoon. After strengthening into a typhoon, Lola began to quickly intensify, reaching its peak intensity with 1-min winds of 195 km/h (120 mph) on December 8 at 12:00 UTC. Lola weakened slightly before making its final landfall near the city of Camh Ranh as a Category 2-equivalent storm. Lola quickly weakened over land, dissipating on December 9.
{{cite book}}
: |work=
ignored (help)