Typhoon Gene

Last updated

Map key
Saffir–Simpson scale
  Tropical depression (≤38 mph, ≤62 km/h)
  Tropical storm (39–73 mph, 63–118 km/h)
  Category 1 (74–95 mph, 119–153 km/h)
  Category 2 (96–110 mph, 154–177 km/h)
  Category 3 (111–129 mph, 178–208 km/h)
  Category 4 (130–156 mph, 209–251 km/h)
  Category 5 (≥157 mph, ≥252 km/h)
  Unknown
Storm type
Disc Plain black.svg Tropical cyclone
Solid black.svg Subtropical cyclone
ArrowUp.svg Extratropical cyclone, remnant low, tropical disturbance, or monsoon depression

The origins of Typhoon Gene, the fifth tropical cyclone of September 1990, can be traced back to an area of disturbed weather with a surface pressure of 1008 mbar (29.8 inHg) first noted by the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) at 06:00 UTC early on September 18. Little development occurred over the next five days, [1] although the Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) classified the disturbance as a tropical depression on the morning of September 22. [2] [nb 1] A Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) was issued at 06:00 UTC on September 23, followed by an increase in the disturbance's organization. [1] Around that time, the system was located roughly 1,170 km (725 mi) south-southeast of Okinawa. [4] Further development was aided by a tropical upper tropospheric trough to its west and the warm ocean waters of the Kuroshio Current. Initially, the disturbance tracked generally westward, south of a subtropical ridge. Shower activity steadily increased and a Dvorak estimate of T2.0/55 km/h (35 mph) prompted the JTWC to designate it a tropical depression midday on September 23. [1] Twelve hours later, the JMA reported that the depression had strengthened into a tropical storm, [5] [nb 2] and after the system improved in organization and its outflow expanded, [1] the JTWC followed suit. [7] At this time, Tropical Storm Gene was situated 980 km (610 mi) south-southeast of Okinawa. [4]

Tropical Storm Gene intensified at the climatological rate of one T number per day as it tracked westward on a course initially resembling a straight runner. [1] At 00:00 UTC on September 25, the JMA classified Gene as a severe tropical storm. [2] The storm then turned northwest as it approached a break in the subtropical ridge. Although restricted upper-level outflow prevented rapid intensification, a Dvorak intensity estimate of T4.0/120 km/h (75 mph) [1] lead to both agencies to declare Gene a typhoon on the evening of September 25. [5] Around the time of the upgrade, Gene was located 380 km (235 mi) south-southwest of Okinawa. [4] At 00:00 UTC on September 26, the JMA raised its intensity to 130 km/h (80 mph) for its maximum sustained winds, while the agency also estimated a minimum pressure of 965 mbar (28.5 inHg). [2] However, the JTWC suggested that Gene was still slowly strengthening, and did not attain its maximum intensity of 90 mph (145 km/h) until 18:00 UTC that day. [7]

Gene recurved to the northeast on September 27 in response to a shortwave trough [1] while passing through the Ryukyu Islands. [4] According to the JTWC, Gene maintained its peak intensity until 06:00 UTC on September 29, [1] although the JMA estimated that a weakening trend had begun six hours earlier. [2] The typhoon continued to recurve and skirted Kyushu and Shikoku on September 29 before tracking just south of Honshu the following day. [4] Based on surface observations, the JTWC downgraded Gene into a tropical storm at 06:00 UTC that day, [1] with the JMA doing the same at around the same time. The JMA classified Gene as an extratropical cyclone at noon, [2] even though the JTWC did not follow suit until six hours later. [1] Finally, the JMA stopped tracking the extratropical remnants of Gene on October 1. [5]

Impact

The typhoon dropped heavy rainfall across much of the Japanese archipelago. [8] A peak rainfall total occurred of 619 mm (24.4 in) in the city of Miyazaki, 563 mm (22.2 in) of which fell in a 24-hour time span. [9] A peak hourly rainfall total of 91 mm (3.6 in) was observed at Shimizu. [10] Moreover, a maximum wind gust of 159 km/h (99 mph) was recorded on Muroto. [11] In Tokushima Prefecture, a minimum central pressure of 970 mbar (28.6 inHg) was observed. [12]

In Okinawa Prefecture, one person was hurt and damage accumulated to ¥77.2 million yen. [13] On Shikoku Island, little damage was reported. [12] A total of 214 homes were damaged in Kōchi Prefecture and ten others were leveled. There were also eleven landslides. Damage in the prefecture totaled ¥1.2 billion yen. [14] Two people were killed in Miyazaki Prefecture because of landslides and another drowned into a river, [15] and an additional ten were wounded. Throughout the prefecture, 4,688 houses suffered damage, while an additional ninety-two dwellings were destroyed, which led to 18,449 homeless. Furthermore, 2,700 households lost power in the city Miyazaki while 8,339 households lost power in Nichinan. Prefecture-wide, damage totaled ¥10.8 billion yen, primarily from the western portion of the prefecture. [16] In Kagoshima Prefecture, five people suffered injuries, including two in a landslide. A total of 229 houses were damaged and seventy more were destroyed; consequently, 194 people lost their homes. In the town of Takayama, located in Kagoshima Prefecture, over 100,000 fish died. According to authorities, nearly 30,000 residencies were left without power. Across the prefecture, damage amounted to ¥15.3 billion yen. [17] Throughout the entire island of Kyushu, 150 national flights were cancelled. [18]

In Wakayama Prefecture, sixty-seven homes were damaged and damage was estimated at ¥187 million yen. Four buildings were destroyed in Shingu City, resulting in twenty homeless. [19] Three flights were cancelled and three others were delayed at the Okayama Airport. [20] Elsewhere, in Kanagawa Prefecture, heavy rains triggered fifty-nine landslides. A total of 1,713 homes were damaged and 915 others were destroyed, which resulted in 2,956 homeless individuals. [21] Ninety bullet trains were cancelled between Tokyo and Osaka. [15] In nearby Oshima Subprefecture, heavy rains forced the closure of nine roads. Throughout Tokyo, eight structures were damaged and twelve flights were delayed. [22] A 49-year-old man was killed in a landslide in Shizuoka. [15] Across Shizuoka prefecture, heavy rains caused 143 landslides. There, 1,697 homes were damaged, with 144 others destroyed. Roads were damaged in 162 locations. Nearly 900 ha (2,225 acres) of arable land was inundated. [23] In Mie Prefecture, two people were presumed dead after they drowned in a river and three others were hurt. A total of 1,079 homes were damaged and thirty-nine others were demolished, which resulted in 130 people homeless. Damage there was assessed at ¥2.62 billion yen. [24] At the Narita International Airport, sixty-eight flights were delayed. In Chiba Prefecture, there was one minor injury. A total of 213 houses were destroyed and eighteen others were damaged. Embankments were damaged at eighty-five sites across the prefecture. [25] Seventy-five individuals lost their homes in Yamanashi Prefecture, where damage totaled to ¥716 million yen. [26] Elsewhere, 304 dwellings were damaged and twenty-eight were demolished along coastal areas of Saitama Prefecture. [27] Damage in Gunma prefecture totaled ¥53.8 million yen. [28]

The typhoon hit the Japanese archipelago ten days after Typhoon Flo, [29] which claimed forty lives and caused over $4 billion in damage. [30] The storm also forced the cancellation of the final round of the Top Cup Tokai Classic. [31] Much of the southwestern portion of the country suffered the worst damage from the typhoon. [29] Nationwide, six fatalities were reported and twenty others sustained injuries. A total 210 houses were destroyed while 13,318 others were flooded. [8] Landslides triggered by heavy rain were reported at 340 places and roads were damaged at 182 locations. [4] All Nippon Airways cancelled ninety domestic flights and Japan Airlines cancelled ten flights. [15] More than 200,000 people were affected by cancellation of flights and train services. [4] Thirty-one ships and 10,560 acres (4,273 ha) of farmland were damaged. Monetary damage totaled ¥22.9 billion yen or US$158 million. [8] [nb 3] [nb 4]

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean. [3]
  2. ↑ Wind estimates from the JMA and most other basins throughout the world are sustained over 10 minutes, while estimates from the United States-based Joint Typhoon Warning Center are sustained over 1 minute. 10-minute winds are about 1.14 times the amount of 1-minute winds. [6]
  3. ↑ All currencies are converted from Japanese yen to United States Dollars using this with an exchange rate of the year 1990.
  4. ↑ All damage totals are in 1990 values of their respective currencies.

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Prapiroon (2000)</span> Pacific typhoon in 2000

Typhoon Prapiroon, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Lusing, was the costliest tropical cyclone to strike the Korean Peninsula and the tenth costliest in the West Pacific on record, as of August 2023.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Caitlin</span> Pacific typhoon in 1991

Typhoon Caitlin, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Ising, contributed to major drought relief in Okinawa. A tropical disturbance formed in the middle of July 1991 in the eastern portion of the Western Pacific monsoon trough, and while tracking to the west-northwest, was designated a tropical depression on July 21. Thunderstorm activity associated with the depression increased markedly on July 22, and two days later, the depression was upgraded into Tropical Storm Caitlin. The storm turned northward as it rounded a subtropical ridge while gradually intensifying. Caitlin became a typhoon on July 25 and peaked in intensity on July 27 near Okinawa. The typhoon began to weaken as it turned northeast over the Korea Strait. On July 30, Catlin transitioned into an extratropical cyclone as it entered the Sea of Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Cecil (1982)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1982

Typhoon Cecil, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Loleng, was a mid-season tropical cyclone that affected Japan and South Korea during August 1982. An area of disturbed weather formed to the north of Truk on July 31 and tracked westward over the next several days. Following an increase in shower activity and a decrease in wind shear, a tropical depression developed on August 4. Two days later, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm. After turning northwestward and then northward, Cecil intensified into a typhoon on August 7, and then began to deepen at a rapid clip. On August 8, Cecil attained its maximum intensity as it brushed Taiwan. There, 19 people were killed, including 4 in Wugu District, where 2,800 families sought shelter. After pulling away from Taiwan, Typhoon Cecil moved northwestward, and then on August 10, turned to the north-northeast. Colder air, cooler waters, and higher shear contributed to a weakening trend, and Cecil was downgraded to a tropical storm on August 11. Although Cecil passed east of Japan, it came close enough to the country to drop heavy rains. Nation-wide, three people were killed and two were injured. A total of 2,100 households lost power in Hinokage. On August 14, Cecil turned east and struck South Korea as a minimal tropical storm before dissipating over the Sea of Japan. Throughout South Korea, 35 people were killed, 28 went missing, and 28 others sustained injuries. Almost 1,300 houses were flooded, which resulted in 6,200 people becoming homeless. Damage was estimated at US$30 million.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Linfa (2003)</span> Pacific severe tropical storm in 2003

Severe Tropical Storm Linfa, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Chedeng, brought deadly flooding to areas of the Philippines and Japan in May and June 2003. The fourth named storm within the northwestern Pacific that year, Linfa developed as a tropical depression just off the western coast of Luzon on May 25. The disturbance quickly intensified to reach tropical storm intensity a few hours after cyclogenesis. However, intensification leveled off as Linfa executed a small clockwise loop before a subsequent landfall on Luzon on May 27. Due to land interaction the storm temporarily weakened and decoupled before reforming in the Philippine Sea. Afterwards Linfa began reintensifying and reached its peak intensity on May 29 with maximum sustained winds of 100 km/h (65 mph) and a barometric pressure of 980 mbar. Following its peak the tropical storm began to deteriorate and transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on May 30; these extratropical remnants continued to track northward through Japan before dissipating in the Sea of Okhotsk on June 4.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Flo (1990)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1990

Typhoon Flo, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Norming, was a long-lived typhoon that brought destruction to much of Japan during September 1990. Flo originated from an area of convection that first formed to the southeast of the Marshall Islands on September 7. Five days later, the disturbance obtained tropical depression status, and on September 13, intensified into a tropical storm. Tracking west-northwest as it rounded a subtropical ridge, Flo slowly deepened, and on September 15, became a typhoon. After developing an eye, Flo began to rapidly intensify, and on September 17, Flo attained peak intensity. Shortly thereafter, the typhoon began to recurve to the northeast towards Honshu in response to deepening troughs to the northwest and north of the system, which resulted in a weakening trend due to increased vertical wind shear despite remaining over warm water. On September 19, Flo made landfall on southern Honshu, becoming the first typhoon to hit the Kii Peninsula in 11 years, and thereafter started to transition into an extratropical cyclone. The extratropical remnants of Flo were last noted on the morning of September 22.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Luke</span> Pacific tropical storm in 1991

Tropical Storm Luke, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Pepang, was a short-lived tropical storm that brushed Japan during September 1991. Tropical Storm Luke formed from a disturbance that moved through the Northern Marianas and became a tropical depression on September 14 just to the west of the islands. The depression began to slowly intensify as it moved towards the west-northwest and Tropical Storm Luke was named on September 15. Luke reached peak intensity prior to recurving to the northeast and weakening due to increased shear. Tropical Storm Luke then paralleled the southeastern Japan coastline before transitioning into an extratropical cyclone. Overall, 12 people were killed and 23 others were injured. A total of 225 houses were destroyed while 52,662 others were flooded. There were reports of 644 landslides and roads were damaged at 418 locations. Rivers crested at 18 spots and six bridges were washed away. Greater than 40 domestic flights were cancelled. A total of 103 bullet trains were cancelled and 160 others delayed between Tokyo and Osaka, which left 315,000 people stranded. Additionally, 11,999 trains were halted in eastern and northern Japan, stranding 750,000 passengers. Two ships as well as 4,973 ha of farmland were damaged. Monetary damage totaled ¥24.2 billion yen (US$179 million).

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Yancy (1993)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1993

Typhoon Yancy, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Tasing, was one of the costliest and most intense tropical cyclones to strike Japan on record. Yancy was the sixth typhoon of the annual typhoon season and sixth tropical cyclone overall to impact Japan that year. Developing out of an area of disturbed weather in the open northwest Pacific on August 29, 1993, the precursor to Yancy tracked westward and quickly intensified to reach tropical storm strength on August 30. Just two days later, the tropical storm reached typhoon intensity as it recurved towards the northeast. A period of rapid intensification followed, allowing Yancy to quickly reach super typhoon intensity. The strong tropical cyclone reached peak intensity on September 2 with maximum sustained winds of 175 km/h (109 mph). The following day Yancy made its first landfall on Iōjima at nearly the same strength; over the course of the day the typhoon would make three subsequent landfalls on Japanese islands. Land interaction forced the tropical cyclone to weaken, and after its final landfall on Hiroshima Prefecture, Yancy weakened below typhoon intensity. After emerging into the Sea of Japan, Yancy transitioned into an extratropical cyclone; these remnants persisted as they meandered in the sea before dissipating completely on September 7.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Orchid (1991)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1991

Typhoon Orchid, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Sendang, was a long-lived typhoon that brushed Japan during October 1991. An area of disturbed weather formed near the Caroline Islands in early October. A mid-latitude cyclone weakened a subtropical ridge to its north, allowing the disturbance to slowly gain latitude, and on October 3, the system organized into a tropical depression. On the next day, the depression intensified into Tropical Storm Orchid. Continuing to intensify, the cyclone strengthened into a typhoon on the morning of October 6. Typhoon Orchid tracked due westward south of subtropical ridge while rapidly intensifying, and on October 7, Orchid reached its peak intensity. Shortly after its peak, the typhoon began to recurve north as the ridge receded. After interacting with Typhoon Pat, Orchid weakened below typhoon intensity on October 12. After accelerating to the northwest while gradually weakening, Orchid transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on October 14.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Winona (1990)</span> Pacific tropical storm in 1990

Tropical Storm Winona struck Japan during August 1990. An area of disturbed weather developed within the monsoon trough, located over the East China Sea, on August 4. Despite the presence of strong wind shear, a tropical depression developed later that day. The depression initially tracked northeast, bypassing the southern tip of Kyushu. Thereafter, the depression turned southeast, and on August 6, was believed to have obtained tropical storm intensity. In response to a building subtropical ridge to its southeast, Winona veered north while gradually intensifying. On August 9, Winona peaked in intensity, and while near peak intensity, made landfall in Shizuoka Prefecture early the following morning. Winona transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on August 11, and was last observed on August 14.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Zola</span> Pacific typhoon in 1990


Typhoon Zola struck Japan during August 1990. An area of disturbed weather developed during mid-August to the west of Guam. The disturbance developed into a tropical depression on August 16 while tracking eastward. Decreased wind shear aided in intensification, and it is estimated that the depression strengthened into a tropical storm on August 17. Continuing to intensify, Zola turned northwest in response to a subtropical ridge to its east before obtaining typhoon intensity on August 20. Typhoon Zola reached its peak intensity the next day. After weakening slightly, the storm moved ashore on Honshu. On August 23, the system transitioned into an extratropical cyclone over the Sea of Japan.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Hattie</span> Pacific typhoon in 1990

Typhoon Hattie, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Pasing, was the fifth tropical cyclone of a record-six to hit Japan during the 1990 Pacific typhoon season. Hattie originated from an area of disturbed weather that developed within the Western Pacific monsoon trough towards the end of September. Tracking westward, the disturbance initially was slow to develop, although on September 30, the system was classified as a tropical depression. Following an improvement of its convective structure and an increase in associated convection, the depression was upgraded into Tropical Storm Hattie on October 1. Following the development of an eye, Hattie attained typhoon intensity on October 2. The typhoon continued to slowly deepen as its forward speed slowed. Despite a decrease in cloud top temperatures around the eye, Hattie was estimated to have attained peak intensity on October 5. After recurving to the north and then northeast, Hattie began to slowly weaken due to increased wind shear. On October 7, Hattie lost typhoon intensity, and after tracking directly over Tokyo, transitioned into an extratropical cyclone on the next day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Page</span> Pacific typhoon in 1990

Typhoon Page, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Tering, was the fourth tropical cyclone to strike Japan in three months and the sixth in 1990. An area of disturbed weather developed on November 5 near the International Date Line. For more than two weeks, the disturbance failed to develop appreciably while it tracked generally westward. The disturbance began to organize on November 17. Four days later, the disturbance was designated a tropical depression, and on November 22, the depression was classified as a tropical storm. After resuming a westward course, Page intensified into a typhoon on November 24. Page then entered a period of rapid deepening before plateauing in intensity early on November 26. Page turned northwest, north, and later northeast as it rounded a subtropical ridge. Because of the change in steering, Page began to encounter stronger wind shear, which resulted in a prolonged weakening trend. On November 30, Page, just offshore Honshu, weakened below typhoon intensity, and became an extratropical cyclone on the same day after making landfall in central Honshu.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Gladys (1991)</span> Pacific tropical storm in 1991

Tropical Storm Gladys in August 1991 was a large tropical cyclone that affected Japan and South Korea. An area of disturbed weather first formed within the Western Pacific monsoon trough on August 15. Slowly organizing, the disturbance developed into a tropical depression on August 15. Heading northwest, Gladys became a tropical storm the following day. Despite forecasts of significant strengthening, its large size only enabled slow intensification. After turning west, Gladys attained peak intensity on August 21 near Okinawa. After turning north and bypassing Kyushu, Gladys began to encounter significant wind shear, which caused weakening. Gladys veered west, interacting with land. Gladys weakened to a tropical depression on August 24, and dissipated the next day.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Kinna</span> Pacific typhoon in 1991

Typhoon Kinna, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Neneng, was a mid-season typhoon that struck Japan during 1991. An area of disturbed weather formed within the Western Pacific monsoon trough during early September 1991. The disturbance was upgraded into a tropical depression on September 10 after an increase in organization. Tracking northwest due to a weak subtropical ridge to its north, the depression strengthened into a tropical storm at 00:00 UTC on September 11. Later that day, Kinna was upgraded into a severe tropical storm. Following the development of a poorly defined eye, Kinna was upgraded into a typhoon on September 12. The cyclone turned north in response to a trough and passed through Okinawa as a minimal typhoon. Typhoon Kinna obtained peak intensity on September 13, but thereafter, Kinna accelerated north-northeastward toward Kyushu, passing over the island that day at peak intensity. Typhoon Kinna rapidly transitioned into an extratropical low as it tracked along the northern coast of Honshu. Its extratropical remnants were last noted on the evening of September 16.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Irving (1992)</span> Pacific tropical storm in 1992

Tropical Storm Irving, known in the Philippines as Tropical Depression Edeng, was an early-season tropical cyclone that struck southern Japan during August 1992. A distinct but weak low-pressure area developed within the Western Pacific monsoon trough. A tropical depression formed on July 31, and following an increase in both organization and thunderstorm activity, the depression attained tropical storm intensity on the morning of August 2. After tracking west-northwest and then north, Irving turned to the northeast, and attained peak intensity a day later. In response to a subtropical ridge to the north, the system began to track west-northwestward, and made landfall at maximum intensity over southwestern Shikoku at peak intensity. Irving turned sharply to the west and rapidly weakened, dissipating over the Korea Strait at noon on August 5.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Janis</span> Pacific typhoon in 1992

Typhoon Janis, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Gloring, was an early-season typhoon that struck Japan during August 1992. An area of disturbed weather formed near Pohnpei in late-July 1992, and after an increase in thunderstorm activity, a tropical depression developed on August 3. After passing near Guam, Janis tracked generally westward, and on August 5, the storm was believed to have attained typhoon intensity. After intensifying at a brisk pace, Janis attained peak intensity on August 6 near Okinawa. Thereafter, the typhoon began to weaken and accelerate as it recurved towards Kyushu, where it made landfall on the next day. Land interaction took its toll on the typhoon as it tracked northeast, paralleling the western coast of Honshu. On August 9, Janis transitioned into an extratropical low over Hokkaido.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Kent (1992)</span> Pacific typhoon in 1992

Typhoon Kent was a strong mid-season typhoon that struck southern Japan during August 1992. An area of convection developed east of the International Date Line. Tracking west-northwestward, a tropical depression developed on August 5, and the next day, intensified into a tropical storm. On August 8, increased vertical wind shear caused convection to decrease, although Kent strengthened into a typhoon on the next day. An eye then appeared as conditions aloft became more conducive, and on August 11, Kent attained its peak intensity. Under the influence of a subtropical ridge located to its north, the typhoon initially continued to move west-northwestward before turning towards Kyushu. The storm steadily weakened prior to making landfall on August 18 just below typhoon intensity. The mountainous terrain of Japan accelerated the weakening trend, and on August 20, Kent dissipated.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Percy (1993)</span>

Tropical Storm Percy, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Miling, was an early-season tropical cyclone that passed through Japan during July 1993. An area of disturbed weather developed in the Philippine Sea on July 26. Gradual development ensued and on July 27, the disturbance was classified as a tropical depression. The following morning, the depression was upgraded into Tropical Storm Percy. Moving north-northwest, Percy slowly deepened and obtained its peak intensity of 115 km/h (70 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 975 mbar (28.79 inHg). Late on July 29, Percy passed over Kyushu and began to weaken. Percy was downgraded to a tropical depression on July 30 and dissipated completely two days later.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Typhoon Robyn</span> Pacific typhoon in 1993

Typhoon Robyn, known in the Philippines as Typhoon Openg, was a mid-season tropical cyclone that brushed Japan during August 1993. Typhoon Robyn originated from a near equatorial monsoon trough in the eastern Caroline Islands in late July. Tracking west-northwest, a tropical depression developed on August 1, and became a tropical storm the next day. Following an increase in organization, Robyn obtained typhoon intensity on August 5. The typhoon briefly tracked west before veering to the northwest while intensifying. On August 7, Robyn attained its peak intensity of 160 km/h (99 mph), with a barometric pressure of 940 mbar (28 inHg). After passing through the Ryukyu Islands, Robyn skirted past western Kyushu on August 9 while steadily weakening. Midday on August 10, Robyn lost typhoon intensity over the Sea of Japan. The next day, the system was declared an extratropical cyclone.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tropical Storm Ofelia</span> Pacific tropical storm in 1993

Tropical Storm Ofelia, known in the Philippines as Tropical Storm Luming, was an early-season tropical cyclone that passed south Japan during July 1993. An area of disturbed weather developed from the Western Pacific monsoon trough in late July 1993. The disturbance organized into a tropical depression on July 24, and the next day developed into a tropical storm. Tracking west-northwestward, Ofelia slowly deepened and attained its peak intensity of 80 km/h (50 mph) and a minimum barometric pressure of 994 mbar (29.4 inHg) at noon on July 26. On the next day, the storm made landfall shortly before weakening to a tropical depression. On July 27, Ofelia transitioned into an extratropical cyclone.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Joint Typhoon Warning Center; Naval Pacific Meteorology and Oceanography Center (1992). Annual Tropical Cyclone Report: 1990 (PDF) (Report). United States Navy, United States Air Force. pp. 152, 153. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Japan Meteorological Agency (October 10, 1992). RSMC Best Track Data – 1990–1999 (.TXT) (Report). Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  3. ↑ "Annual Report on Activities of the RSMC Tokyo – Typhoon Center 2000" (PDF). Japan Meteorological Agency. February 2001. p. 3. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hong Kong Observatory (1991). "Part III – Tropical Cyclone Summaries". Meteorological Results: 1990 (PDF). Meteorological Results (Report). Hong Kong Observatory. p. 15. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  5. 1 2 3 Kenneth R. Knapp; Michael C. Kruk; David H. Levinson; Howard J. Diamond; Charles J. Neumann (2010). 1990 GENE (1990261N12141). The International Best Track Archive for Climate Stewardship (IBTrACS): Unifying tropical cyclone best track data (Report). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  6. ↑ Christopher W Landsea; Hurricane Research Division (April 26, 2004). "Subject: D4) What does "maximum sustained wind" mean? How does it relate to gusts in tropical cyclones?". Frequently Asked Questions. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  7. 1 2 Typhoon 21W Best Track (TXT) (Report). Joint Typhoon Warning Center. December 17, 2002. Retrieved July 13, 2017.
  8. 1 2 3 Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 199020 (Gene). Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  9. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS MIYAZAKI (87376) @ Typhoon 199020. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  10. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS SHIMIZU (74516) @ Typhoon 199020. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 22, 2017.
  11. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. AMeDAS MUROTOMISAKI (74371) @ Typhoon 199020. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved June 30, 2017.
  12. 1 2 Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-895-12. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  13. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-927-03. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  14. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-893-10. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  15. 1 2 3 4 "Four Dead, 13 Injured In Storm". Associated Press. September 30, 1990.
  16. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-830-07. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  17. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-827-15. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  18. ↑ "Japanese typhoon leaves 1 missing". Toronto Star. Reuters. September 30, 1990.
  19. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-777-06. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  20. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-768-14. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  21. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-670-11. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  22. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-662-11. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  23. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-656-18. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  24. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-651-11. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  25. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-648-16. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics . Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  26. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-638-10. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  27. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-626-14. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  28. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 1990-624-13. Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  29. 1 2 "Tokyo hit by weakened Typhoon Gene". United Press International. September 30, 1990.
  30. ↑ Asanobu, Kitamoto. Typhoon 199019 (Flo). Digital Typhoon (Report). National Institute of Informatics. Retrieved July 14, 2017.
  31. ↑ "Typhoon helps Marsh". The Advertiser. October 1, 1990.
Typhoon Gene (Oyang)
Gene Sep 28 1990 0528Z.png
Typhoon Gene early on September 28
Tropical cyclones of the 1990 Pacific typhoon season
1990 Pacific typhoon season summary.jpg
STS
Koryn
TS
Lewis
TY
Marian
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
TD
04W
STS
Nathan
TY
Ofelia
TY
Percy
TD
TD
TS
Robyn
TD
TD
TD
TD
STS
Tasha
TY
Steve
TY
Vernon
STS
Winona
TY
Yancy
TS
Aka
TY
Zola
TY
Abe
TY
Becky
TD
Cecil
TY
Dot
TY
Ed
TY
Flo
TY
Gene
TY
Hattie
TS
Ira
TD
Jeana
TY
Kyle
TS
Lola
TY
Mike
STS
Nell
TD
Susang
TY
Owen
TY
Page
TY
Russ
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.