Umaltolepis

Last updated

Umaltolepis
Temporal range: Early Jurassic–Early Cretaceous
Umaltolepis.jpg
Diagram of a ripe Umaltolepis, showing the homologies of the various parts of the structure
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnosperms
Division: Ginkgophyta
Class: Ginkgoopsida
Family:† Umaltolepidaceae
Zhou
Genus:† Umaltolepis
(Krassilov) Herrera, Shi, Ichinnorov, Takahashi, Bugdaeva, Herendeen, et Crane emend.
Type species
†Umaltolepis vachrameevii
Krassilov
Species

See text

Umaltolepis is an extinct genus of seed plant, known from the Early Jurassic to Early Cretaceous of Asia. Within the form classification system used within paleobotany, it refers to the seed-bearing reproductive structures, which grew on woody plants with strap-shaped Ginkgo-like leaves assigned to the genus Pseudotorellia.

Contents

Description

Umaltolepis consisted of a thick, resinous umbrella-like four-lobed cupule borne on a stalk-like column, which was attached to the tip of a short shoot. The cupule is typically up to 2 centimetres (0.79 in) in length, and up to 1 centimetre (0.39 in) in width. The four lobes enclosed the column down to a flange-like flared structure. Near the top of the column near to the attachment of the cupule, the structure became four angled, with each of the four faces bearing a loosely attached winged seed. The Umaltolepis plant was probably wind-pollinated, likely involving a hanging pollination drop. The seeds are thin-walled and were probably wind-dispersed, with the cupule likely serving to protect the fragile seeds during their development. The cupule split open to release the seeds when ripe. [1] The Pseudotorellia leaves are strap-shaped and somewhat resemble to those of Ginkgo, bearing a number (typically 4 to 8) of parallel veins, and are generally a few mm wide at their widest, and several centimetres long. The Pseudotorellia leaves were borne on clusters at the apex of short shoots. These shoots were typically covered in bark bearing bud scales and abscission scars, arranged in a whorl-like pattern. [2]

Ecology

The Umaltolepis-Pseudotorellia plant is known to have grown in peat swamps, [1] as well as fluvio-lacustrine environments. [3]

Taxonomy

Umaltolepis was first proposed by Krassilov in 1970, [4] but was not properly described until 1972. [5] [3] It was assigned to its own family, Umaltolepidaceae by Zhou in 1991 [6] (often misspelled Umaltolepidiaceae)

Umaltolepis is probably closely related to the seed-bearing structure Vladimaria from the Middle Jurassic of Russia, though its relationship to other seed plants is uncertain. [1] The structure of Umaltolepis has been noted to be similar to those of some extinct Peltasperms and Umkomasiales, [1] while leaves and the attachment of the leaves to the stem is strongly similar to that of living Ginkgo. [2] It has either been assigned to the order Vladimariales alongside Vladimaria as possible members of Ginkgoopsida, [1] or to Ginkgoales sensu lato. [2]

Species

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Bennettitales</span> Extinct order of seed plants

Bennettitales is an extinct order of seed plants that first appeared in the Permian period and became extinct in most areas toward the end of the Cretaceous. Bennettitales were amongst the most common seed plants of the Mesozoic, and had morphologies including shrub and cycad-like forms. The foliage of bennettitaleans is superficially nearly indistinguishable from that of cycads, but they are distinguished from cycads by their more complex flower-like reproductive organs, at least some of which were likely pollinated by insects.

<i>Ginkgo huttonii</i> Extinct species of tree

Ginkgo huttonii is an extinct Ginkgo species in the family Ginkgoaceae from the Jurassic of England. The fossil is also known by the name, Ginkgoites huttonii, the genus, Ginkgoites, referring to a group of extinct members of the Ginkgoaceae. G. huttonii was a broad-leaved, deciduous gymnosperm bearing resemblance to the only living member of the Ginkgoaceae, Ginkgo biloba.

<i>Ginkgo yimaensis</i> Extinct species of tree

Ginkgo yimaensis is an extinct ginkgo species in the family Ginkgoaceae. It is a gymnosperm, first described by Zhou and Zhang.

Ginkgo ginkgoidea is an extinct ginkgo species in the family Ginkgoaceae from the Bajocian of southern Sweden.

This article records new taxa of fossil plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2015, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that are scheduled to occur in the year 2015.

This article contains papers in paleobotany that were published in 2016.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Corystospermaceae</span> Extinct family of seed ferns

Corystosperms are a group of extinct seed plants belonging to the family Corystospermaceae assigned to the order Corystospermales or Umkomasiales. They were first described based on fossils collected by Hamshaw Thomas from the Burnera Waterfall locality near the Umkomaas River of South Africa. Corystosperms are typified by a group of plants that bore forked Dicroidium leaves, Umkomasia cupulate ovulate structures and Pteruchus pollen organs, which grew as trees that were widespread over Gondwana during the Middle and Late Triassic. Other fossil Mesozoic seed plants with similar leaf and/or reproductive structures have also sometimes been included within the "corystosperm" concept sensu lato, such as the "doyleoids" from the Early Cretaceous of North America and Asia. A potential corystosperm sensu lato, the leaf genus Komlopteris, is known from the Eocene of Tasmania, around 53-50 million years old, over 10 million years after the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event.

This article records new taxa of plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2017, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that are scheduled to occur in the year 2017.

This article records new taxa of plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2018, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that occurred in the year 2018.

This article records new taxa of fossil plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2019, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that are scheduled to occur in the year 2019.

This article records new taxa of plants that were described during the year 2014, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that occurred in the year 2014.

This article records new taxa of fossil plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2020, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that are scheduled to occur in the year 2020.

This list of 2013 in paleobotany records new fossil plant taxa that were described during 2013, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that occurred in the year.

This article records new taxa of fossil plants that are scheduled to be described during the year 2021, as well as other significant discoveries and events related to paleobotany that are scheduled to occur in the year 2021.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Czekanowskiales</span>

Czekanowskiales, also known as Leptostrobales, are an extinct group of seed plants. Members of the family are distinguished by persistent leaves borne on deciduous short shoots, subtended by scale-like leaves. The leaves are highly dissected. They likely grew as trees and shrubs. The main ovulate structure of Czekanowskiales, Leptostrobus, consists of bivalved seed-bearing round capsule-like structures arranged along a long axis. The fossil record of Czekanowskiales is largely confined to the Northern Hemisphere, and they inhabited warm-temperate and temperate climates under humid conditions. The oldest possible records of the group are ovulate cones from the Late Permian of Italy, but the group is primarily known from the Late Triassic onwards, and were abundant during the Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. Only a handful of species are known from the Late Cretaceous, confined to the northern Russian Far East, corresponding to the decline of other seed plant groups during the explosive radiation of flowering plants. The affinites of Czekanowskiales to other seed plants are obscure. A close relationship to the Ginkgoales have been proposed, based on similar preserved molecular signatures of fossil cuticles, with some authors placing Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales into the broader grouping Ginkgophyta.

<i>Otozamites</i> Extinct genus of seed plants

Otozamites is an extinct form genus of leaves belonging to the Bennettitales.

This paleobotany list records new fossil plant taxa that were to be described during the year 2022, as well as notes other significant paleobotany discoveries and events which occurred during 2022.

This paleobotany list records new fossil plant taxa that were to be described during the year 2012, as well as notes other significant paleobotany discoveries and events which occurred during 2012.

This paleobotany list records new fossil plant taxa that were to be described during the year 2023, as well as notes other significant paleobotany discoveries and events which occurred during 2023.

<i>Komlopteris</i> Extinct genus of seed fern

Komlopteris is an extinct genus of "seed fern" with possible corystosperm affinities. Fossils have been found across both hemispheres, dating from the latest Triassic to the early Eocene (Ypresian), making it the youngest "seed fern" in the fossil record.

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Herrera, Fabiany; Shi, Gongle; Ichinnorov, Niiden; Takahashi, Masamichi; Bugdaeva, Eugenia V.; Herendeen, Patrick S.; Crane, Peter R. (2017-03-21). "The presumed ginkgophyte Umaltolepis has seed-bearing structures resembling those of Peltaspermales and Umkomasiales". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (12). doi: 10.1073/pnas.1621409114 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   5373332 . PMID   28265050.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Dong, Chong; Shi, Gongle; Zhang, Xiaoqing; Wang, Zixi; Wang, Yongdong (November 2022). "Middle-Late Jurassic fossils from Northeast China confirm the affiliation of Umaltolepis seed-bearing structures and Pseudotorellia leaves". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 306: 104763. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104763. S2CID   251917169.
  3. 1 2 3 Dong, Chong; Zhou, Zhiyan; Zhang, Bole; Wang, Yongdong; Shi, Gongle (December 2019). "Umaltolepis and associated Pseudotorellia leaves from the Middle Jurassic of Yima in Henan Province, Central China". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 271: 104111. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2019.104111. S2CID   202192390.
  4. ↑ V.A. Krassilov Approach to the classification of Mesozoic “Ginkgoalean” plants from Siberia Palaeobotanist, 18 (1970), pp. 12-19
  5. 1 2 3 VA Krassilov, Mesozoic Flora from the Bureja River (Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales) (Nauka, Moscow), p 115 (in Russian). (1972).
  6. ↑ Zhiyan, Zhou (July 1991). "Phylogeny and evolutionary trends of Mesozoic ginkgoaleans — a preliminary assessment". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 68 (3–4): 203–216. doi:10.1016/0034-6667(91)90024-W.
  7. 1 2 Nosova, Natalya; Kostina, Elena (September 2022). "New findings of the female reproductive structures of Umaltolepis Krassilov and associated leaves of Pseudotorellia Florin in the Lower Cretaceous of Mongolia". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 304: 104696. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2022.104696. S2CID   249143829.
  8. ↑ HJ Schweitzer, M Kirchner, Die Rhäto-Jurassischen Floren des Iran und Afghanistans. 8. Ginkgophyta. Palaeontographica B 237, 1–58 (1995).
  9. ↑ ZQ Wang, Plant kingdom. Palaeontological Atlas of North China II Mesozoic, eds Tianjin Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources (Geological Publishing House, Beijing), pp 223–296, 367–384 (in Chinese). (1984).
  10. ↑ F Chen, XY Meng, SQ Ren, CL Wu, The Early Cretaceous Flora of Fuxin Basin and Tiefa Basin, Liaoning Province (Geological Publishing House, Beijing), p 180 (in Chinese). (1988).
  11. 1 2 Nosova, Natalya (October 2020). "Female reproductive structures of Umaltolepis Krassilov and associated short shoots, buds and leaves of Pseudotorellia Florin from the Middle Jurassic of Angren, Uzbekistan". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 281: 104266. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2020.104266. S2CID   219437430.
  12. ↑ Nosova, Natalya (June 2021). "Female reproductive structures of Umaltolepis Krassilov and associated leaves of Pseudotorellia Florin from the Middle Jurassic of East Siberia, Russia". Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology. 289: 104412. doi:10.1016/j.revpalbo.2021.104412. S2CID   233790779.
This page is based on this Wikipedia article
Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.