Ginkgoopsida

Ginkgoopsida Temporal range: Carboniferous–Recent PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Ginkgo biloba
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Gymnospermae
Division:	Ginkgophyta
Class:	Ginkgoopsida Meyen
Proposed orders
Ginkgoales † Czekanowskiales † Peltaspermales? † Corystospermales? (Umkomasiales) † Caytoniales? † Dicranophyllales? † Calamopityales? † Callistophytales? † Glossopteridales? †"Palaeophyllales"?

Ginkgoopsida is a proposed class of gymnosperms defined by Sergei V. Meyen in 1984 to encompass Ginkgoales (which contains the living Ginkgo ) alongside a number of extinct seed plant groups, which he considered to be closely related based on similarities of morphology of pollen, seeds, cuticles, short shoots and leaves. ^{[1] [2] [3]} The validity of this group as a whole has been considered questionable by other authors, who consider that it is unlikely to be monophyletic. ^[4] Other authors have used the class as a monotypic grouping, including only Ginkgoales. ^[5] Some authors have used the clade Ginkgophyta to encompass both Ginkgoales and Czekanowskiales/Leptostrobales, which are suggested to be closely related groups. ^[6]

References

1. SV Meyen, Basic features of gymnosperm systematics and phylogeny as shown by the fossil record. Bot Rev 50, 1–111 (1984).
2. Meyen, Sergei V. (January 1987). "Evolution of Ginkgoopsida: from Peltaspermales to Ginkgoales, Leptostrobales and Caytoniales" . Bulletin de la Société Botanique de France. Actualités Botaniques. 134 (2): 67–76. doi:10.1080/01811789.1987.10826864. ISSN   0181-1789.
3. Herrera, Fabiany; Shi, Gongle; Ichinnorov, Niiden; Takahashi, Masamichi; Bugdaeva, Eugenia V.; Herendeen, Patrick S.; Crane, Peter R. (2017-03-21). "The presumed ginkgophyte Umaltolepis has seed-bearing structures resembling those of Peltaspermales and Umkomasiales". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 114 (12): E2385 –E2391. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1621409114 . ISSN   0027-8424. PMC   5373332 . PMID   28265050.
4. Beck, Charles B. (July 1985). "Gymnosperm Phylogeny — A commentary on the views of S. V. Meyen" . The Botanical Review. 51 (3): 273–294. doi:10.1007/BF02861076. ISSN   0006-8101. S2CID   7535841.
5. Yang, Yong; Ferguson, David Kay; Liu, Bing; Mao, Kang-Shan; Gao, Lian-Ming; Zhang, Shou-Zhou; Wan, Tao; Rushforth, Keith; Zhang, Zhi-Xiang (July 2022). "Recent advances on phylogenomics of gymnosperms and a new classification". Plant Diversity. 44 (4): 340–350. doi:10.1016/j.pld.2022.05.003. PMC   9363647 . PMID   35967253.
6. Wang, Jing-Jing; Xin, Cun-Lin; Wang, Lu-Han; Zhang, Ya-Mei; Jiao, Zhi-Peng; Di, Guo-Yun; Liu, Song-Xin (2022-10-03). "Numerical taxonomy of Ginkgophyta fossils in China" . Historical Biology. 34 (10): 2037–2052. doi:10.1080/08912963.2021.1999939. ISSN   0891-2963.