United States Conference of Catholic Bishops

Last updated

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops
AbbreviationUSCCB
FormationJuly 2001;23 years ago (2001-07)
TypeNon-governmental organization
Legal statusCivil nonprofit
Purpose
  • To act collaboratively and consistently on vital issues confronting the Church and society.
  • To foster communion with the Church in other nations, within the Church universal, under the leadership of its supreme pastor, the Roman Pontiff.
  • To offer appropriate assistance to each bishop in fulfilling his particular ministry in the local Church.
[1]
HeadquartersWashington, D.C.
Region served
United States
MembershipActive and retired Catholic bishops of the United States
President
 Timothy Broglio
Main organ
Conference
Affiliations
Staff300
Website usccb.org

The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB) is the episcopal conference of the Catholic Church in the United States. Founded in 2001 after the merger of the National Conference of Catholic Bishops (NCCB) and United States Catholic Conference (USCC), the USCCB is a registered corporation based in Washington, D.C.

Contents

As with all bishops' conferences, certain[ which? ] decisions and acts of the USCCB must receive the recognitio, or approval, of the Roman dicasteries, which are subject to the immediate and absolute authority of the Pope.

As of January 2025, the USCCB president is Archbishop Timothy Broglio of the Archdiocese of the Military Services, USA. The vice president is Archbishop William E. Lori of the Archdiocese of Baltimore. [2] [3]

Structure

The USCCB is composed of all active and retired members of the Catholic hierarchy in the United States and the territory of the U.S. Virgin Islands. This includes archbishops, bishops, coadjutors, auxiliary bishops and the ordinary of the Personal Ordinariate of the Chair of Saint Peter. The other American territories and commonwealths are not part of the USCCB. [4]

The president is the chief executive officer of the USCCB and is in charge of the Administrative Committee. He also presides at the plenary sessions of the bishops. The vice president is the second highest official and is assigned certain duties by the president. The treasurer manages the USCCB finances and the secretary keeps the minutes of the plenary sessions. [3] These officials are all bishops serving three-year terms in office.

The USCCB normally holds two general assemblies per years. The assemblies are open to all bishops along with organizations and individuals who work with the USCCB. Voting on proposals are limited to active bishops of the Latin and Eastern Rite churches; emeritus bishops (retired bishops) do not have a vote. Proposals are passed either on majority votes or two-thirds votes. [5]

As of 2025, the USCCB has 19 standing committees. Seven of the these committees have subcommittees. [6]

History

During the 19th century, the bishops in the United States met periodically to discuss issues facing the American church and to set policies and rules for its operation, with approval from the Vatican. Three of these plenary councils were held in Baltimore, Maryland, in 1852, 1866 and 1884. [7]

As the American church grew and new circumstances arose, the need for more regular meetings soon became apparent.

National Catholic War Council

With the American entry into World War I in April 1917, the American Catholic hierarchy realized that it needed to provide chaplains and other services to Catholic soldiers serving in the United States and France. It would also need to raise funds from dioceses around the country to support these services. [8]

In August 1917, each bishop in the United States sent one priest and one lay person to meet at the Catholic University of America in Washington, D.C. The organizers also invited members of the Catholic press and religious institutes. [8] The 1917 meeting at Catholic University ended with the founding of the first national organization of Catholic bishops in the United States, the National Catholic War Council (NCWC). [8] In December 1917, the American bishops decided to place the NCWC directly under their control.

National Catholic Welfare Council

Pope Benedict XV (1915) Benedictus XV, by Nicola Perscheid, 1915 (retouched).jpg
Pope Benedict XV (1915)

With the end of World War I, the general feeling among the American Catholic hierarchy was that they should create a new association of bishops to build on the successes of the NCWC. The American bishops met in February 1919 at Catholic University to discuss this new organization along with other matters. By the end of the meeting, they had decided to hold a yearly conference of what was now called the National Catholic Welfare Council (also known as NCWC) [9]

The bishops also created an administrative committee with seven members to manage the daily business of the NCWc between plenary meetings. Archbishop Edward Hanna of San Francisco was named as the first committee chair and the NCWC headquarters was established in Washington, D.C. The first meeting of bishops was set for September 1919. [8] In 1919, Pope Benedict XV urged the bishops to assist him in promoting the labor reforms first articulated by Pope Leo XIII in Rerum novarum .

National Catholic Welfare Conference

However, the NCWC soon faced opposition. In February 1920, Archbishop William O'Connell, leader of one of the largest archdiocese in the nation, petitioned the Consistorial Congregation in Rome to ban the NCWC. He claimed that it reflected Gallicanism and diminished the authority of the bishops. Several NCWC members protested the suppression to Pope Benedict XV, saying that the dissolution of the NCWC would make the bishops look autocratic. The pope agree to lift the suppression, but asked the bishops to change the organization's name in 1922 to the National Catholic Welfare Conference. [8]

National Conference of Catholic Bishops and United States Catholic Conference

In 1966, the American bishops decided to split the NCWC into two organizations with different focuses, but common goals.

United States Conference of Catholic Bishops

The bishops in 2001 decided to recombine the NCCB and the USCC into one organization, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB). [10]

Sexual abuse crisis

Starting in the 1980s and continuing into the 21st century, the American Catholic church was hit with a huge wave of revelations of sexual abuse of children by priests and bishops, along with revelations of coverups and mismanagement of the scandals by American bishops. The fact that bishops commonly reassigned clergy accused of abuse from their parish to another parish where they still had access to children was considered to have allowed the abuse to proliferate. [11] The initial USCCB response to the crisis was widely criticized, both within and outside the Catholic church. [12]

In June 2002, the USCCB unanimously passed the Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People, known as the Dallas Charter. [13] The charter committed the American Catholic Church to providing a "safe environment" for all children and youth participating in church-sponsored activities. To accomplish this, the American bishops pledged to establish uniform procedures for handling sex-abuse allegations against priests, lay teachers in Catholic schools, parish staff members, coaches and other people who dealt with children. [14] [15] It also adopted a "zero tolerance" policy towards these people for sexual abuse. [16] [17] In 2004, the USCCB commissioned the John Jay College of Criminal Justice at the City University of New York to conduct an independent investigation to determine the scope of sexual abuse allegations from 1950 to 2002. The college produced the John Jay Report. [18]

Subsequent decades have seen the USCCB grappling with the fallout, [19] which included dozens of court cases resulting in financial settlements with the victims of almost $4 billion. [20] Numerous dioceses declared bankruptcy in an effort to manage the financial impact. [21] The USCCB continues to publish an annual report on its progress in addressing concerns. [22]

Gómez in November 2020 issued an apology on behalf of the USCCB to the sexual abuse victims of former Cardinal Theodore McCarrick and to all victims of sexual abuse by clergy. [23]

Regions

The dioceses and eparchies in the United States are grouped into 15 regions, each represented in a different color. USCCB Regions map.png
The dioceses and eparchies in the United States are grouped into 15 regions, each represented in a different color.

The American dioceses are grouped into 15 regions.

Committees

National Right to Life Committee

During the 1960s, the women's movement in the United States started working on the state level to legalize abortion rights for women. To combat these efforts, the NCCB in April 1967 appointed Reverend James T. McHugh during April 1967 to help coordinate a national Catholic counter-response. [24]

In 1968, the NCCB founded the National Right to Life Committee (NRLC), headed by attorney Juan Ryan. Its goal was to coordinate information and strategy between Catholic anti-abortion groups. As of 2024, the NRLC has affiliates in all 50 states with over 3,000 local chapters. [24] These NRLC affiliate groups were forming in response to efforts to change abortion laws based on model legislation proposed by the American Law Institute (ALI) in Philadelphia. New Jersey.

The NRLC held its first national meeting of chapter leaders in Chicago in 1970 at Barat College. The following year, NRLC held its first convention at Macalester College in St. Paul, Minnesota.

Issues

Abortion

In 1990, the USCCB hired the public relations firm Hill & Knowlton in New York City to launch a campaign to persuade Catholics and non-Catholics to oppose abortion rights for women. This was part of a persuasive effect to educate the public on abortion as opposed to demonstrations at women's health clinics. [25]

In the November 2023 assembly, the bishops again stated that abortion was a greater threat to life than gun violence, racism, climate change and inequality in health care and was the preeminent priority of the American Catholic Church. [26]

Contraception

In March 2012, regarding the contraception mandate issued as a regulation under the 2010 Affordable Care Act, which required that employers who do not support contraception but are not religious institutions per se must cover contraception via their employer-sponsored health insurance. USCCB decided to "continue its 'vigorous opposition to this unjust and illegal mandate'". [27]

Ecumenicism

As of 2021, the USCCB has been in ecumenical discussion with the Pentecostal/Charismatic Churches of North America (PCCNA), as well as discussing the possibility of future theological dialogue between Pentecostalism and Catholicism. [28]

The USCCB is a member of Christian Churches Together, an interdenominational fellowship of Christian denominations and organizations in the United States.

Religious liberty

The USCCB in 2009 issued the revised Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services . These directives were first issued in 1971. [29] [30] The main focus of these revisions was guidance for Catholic health care institutions in dealing with governments and non-Catholic organizations. It was sued by the American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) on the grounds that the directive in some cases caused doctors to refuse treatment of women in an emergency medical situation. [31]

From 2012 to 2018, the USCCB promoted Fortnight for Freedom, a campaign to protest government activities that the USCCB viewed as impinging on religious liberty. The USCCB replace it in 2018 with Religious Liberty Week. [32]

Gun violence

The USCCB filed an amicus brief in the 2024 US Supreme Court case of United States v. Rahimi. The USCCB argued that protecting the innocent "is a proper consideration" when regulating firearms: [33] "As the Church teaches, and this Nation's historical traditions demonstrate, the right to bear arms is not an unqualified license that must leave vulnerable family members to live in fear. Abused victims are precisely the people whom a just government is tasked with protecting. The Second Amendment does not stand as a barrier to their safety." [33]

Immigration

In January 2017, Bishop Joe S. Vásquez, the chairman of the USCCB Committee on Migration, criticized Executive Order 13769, issued by the Trump Administration. The order restricted refugees from several predominantly Muslim nations from entering the United States; it also banned all refugees from the Syrian Civil War from entering the country. [34]

The USCCB in September 2017 condemned the Trump administration's cancellation of the Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) program. DACA had allowed nearly 800,000 young people who arrived in the United States as children of undocumented immigrants to apply for protection from deportation. [35]

At the 2018 USCCB meeting in Fort Lauderdale, Florida, President Cardinal Daniel DiNardo criticized the Trump administration's policies of family separation of undocumented immigrants and the denial of asylum in the United States to women fleeing domestic violence in their home country. [36]

LGBTQ

In June 2020, a USCCB committee praised the Trump Administration for changing a US Department of Health and Human Services ruling regarding sexual discrimination based on gender identity. [32] The statement said that it;

"...will help restore the rights of health care providers—as well as insurers and employers—who decline to perform or cover abortions or 'gender transition' procedures due to ethical or professional objections." [37]

In December 2023, the USCCB clarified Pope Francis' recent remarks on the blessing of same-sex couples and unmarried couples. They said that a priest could bless them, but not in the context of validating their union as a marriage. [38]

Politics

Cardinal Blaise Cupich (2021) Cdl. Cupich (cropped).png
Cardinal Blaise Cupich (2021)
Archbishop Jose Gomez (2015) Archbishop Gomez.jpg
Archbishop José Gómez (2015)

In 2020, some conservative American bishops complained to Gómez after he congratulated US Senator Joe Biden, a Catholic, on his election as president of the United States. In response, Gómez formed a working group to address the "confusion" that could be caused by Catholic politicians who support policies that contravene Catholic teaching. [39] [40]

On January 20, 2021, inauguration day in the United States, Gómez sent Biden a congratulatory letter. The letter said that Gómez was "praying that God grant him wisdom and courage to lead this great nation and that God help him to meet the tests of these times. " However, Gómez also stated that some of Biden's policies,

"...would advance moral evils and threaten human life and dignity, most seriously in the areas of abortion, contraception, marriage, and gender. Of deep concern is the liberty of the Church and the freedom of believers to live according to their consciences." [41]

Several bishops, including Cardinal Blase J. Cupich of Chicago, objected to the Gómez letter. Cupich said that individuals within the USCCB drafted the Biden letter without first consulting with the Administrative Committee. He described the incident as an "institutional failure" of the USCCB; the bishops should have been allowed to approved the Biden letter first. In what America magazine called a "rare rebuke", [42] Cupich released two statements, one of which said,

"Today, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops issued an ill-considered statement on the day of President Biden's inauguration. Aside from the fact that there is seemingly no precedent for doing so, the statement, critical of President Biden, came as a surprise to many bishops, who received it just hours before it was released." [41] [42]

On March 30, 2021, Gómez wrote to the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith (CDF) in Rome, telling them that the USCCB was drafting a new document on the worthiness of Catholic politicians to receive communion.

Cardinal Luis Ladaria, prefect of the CDF, replied to Gómez on May 7th. Ladaria cautioned the USCCB to preserve unity among its bishops in discussing anti-abortion issues. Ladaria also said that abortion and euthanasia were not the only grave issues of Catholic moral teaching. [43] [44] [45] [46] He further stated that any new USCCB provision had to respect the rights of individual bishops in their diocese and the prerogatives of the Vatican. [47] In April 2021, the Gómez working group announced that it was drafting a new document on communion. [48]

Racism

During the 2020 protests over the murder of George Floyd by police in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Archbishop José Horacio Gómez, the USCCB president, issued a statement condemning Floyd's death. He cited Reverend Martin Luther King Jr.'s words that "riots are the language of the unheard". [49]

Funding

Most funding for the USCCB is raised through national collections, government grants, and diocesan assessments. [50]

List of presidents and vice-presidents

Presidents

This lists the USCCB presidents, their dioceses or archdioceses and their dates of service: [51]

  1. Cardinal John Dearden, Archdiocese of Detroit (1966 – 1971)
  2. Cardinal John Krol, Archdiocese of Philadelphia (1971 – 1974)
  3. Archbishop Joseph Bernardin, later cardinal, Archdiocese of Cincinnati (1974 – 1977)
  4. Archbishop John R. Quinn, Archdiocese of San Francisco (1977 – 1980)
  5. Archbishop John Roach, Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis (1980 – 1983)
  6. Bishop James William Malone, Diocese of Youngstown (1983 – 1986)
  7. Archbishop John L. May, Archdiocese of St. Louis (1986 – 1989)
  8. Archbishop Daniel Edward Pilarczyk, Archdiocese of Cincinnati (1989 – 1992)
  9. Cardinal William H. Keeler, Archdiocese of Baltimore (1992 – 1995)
  10. Bishop Anthony Pilla, Diocese of Cleveland (1995 – 1998)
  11. Bishop Joseph Fiorenza, later archbishop, Diocese of Galveston–Houston (1998 – November 13, 2001)
  12. Bishop Wilton Daniel Gregory, later cardinal, Diocese of Belleville (November 13, 2001 – November 15, 2004)
  13. Bishop William S. Skylstad, Diocese of Spokane (November 15, 2004 – November 13, 2007)
  14. Cardinal Francis George OMI , Archdiocese of Chicago (November 13, 2007 – November 16, 2010)
  15. Cardinal Timothy M. Dolan, Archdiocese of New York (November 16, 2010 – November 14, 2013)
  16. Archbishop Joseph Edward Kurtz, Archdiocese of Louisville (November 14, 2013 – November 15, 2016)
  17. Cardinal Daniel DiNardo, Archdiocese of Galveston–Houston (November 15, 2016 – November 12, 2019)
  18. Archbishop José Horacio Gómez, Archdiocese of Los Angeles (November 12, 2019 – November 15, 2022)
  19. Archbishop Timothy Broglio, Archdiocese for the Military Services, USA (November 15, 2022–present)

Vice-Presidents

This lists the USCCB vice-presidents, their dioceses or archdioceses and their dates of service: [51]

  1. Cardinal John Krol, Archdiocese of Philadelphia (1966 – 1971)
  2. Coadjutor Archbishop Leo Christopher Byrne, Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis (1971–1974)
  3. Cardinal John Carberry, Archdiocese of St. Louis (1974 – 1977)
  4. Archbishop John Roach, Archdiocese of Saint Paul and Minneapolis (1977 – 1980)
  5. Bishop James William Malone, Diocese of Youngstown (1980 – 1983)
  6. Archbishop John L. May, Archdiocese of St. Louis (1983 – 1986)
  7. Archbishop Daniel Edward Pilarczyk, Archdiocese of Cincinnati (1986 – 1989)
  8. Archbishop William H. Keeler, later cardinal, Archdiocese of Baltimore (1989 – 1992)
  9. Bishop Anthony Pilla, Diocese of Cleveland (1992 – 1995)
  10. Bishop Joseph Fiorenza, later archbishop, Diocese of Galveston–Houston (1995 – 1998)
  11. Bishop Wilton Daniel Gregory, later cardinal, Diocese of Belleville (1998 – November 13, 2001)
  12. Bishop William S. Skylstad, Diocese of Spokane (November 13, 2001 – November 15, 2004)
  13. Cardinal Francis George OMI , Archdiocese of Chicago (November 15, 2004 – November 13, 2007)
  14. Bishop Gerald Frederick Kicanas, Diocese of Tucson (November 13, 2007 – November 16, 2010)
  15. Archbishop Joseph Edward Kurtz, Archdiocese of Louisville (November 16, 2010 – November 14, 2013)
  16. Cardinal Daniel DiNardo, Archdiocese of Galveston–Houston (November 14, 2013 – November 15, 2016)
  17. Archbishop José Horacio Gómez, Archdiocese of Los Angeles (November 15, 2016 – November 12, 2019)
  18. Archbishop Allen Vigneron, Archdiocese of Detroit (November 12, 2019 – November 15, 2022)
  19. Archbishop William E. Lori, Archdiocese of Baltimore (November 15, 2022 – present)

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "USCCB Mission". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived from the original on November 9, 2017. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  2. ↑ "Archbishop Gomez elected USCCB president; first Latino in post". www.catholicnews.com. November 12, 2019. Archived from the original on November 12, 2019. Retrieved November 13, 2019.
  3. 1 2 "Leadership | USCCB". www.usccb.org. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  4. ↑ "About Us | USCCB". www.usccb.org. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  5. ↑ "General Assemblies | USCCB". www.usccb.org. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  6. ↑ "Offices | USCCB". www.usccb.org. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  7. ↑ McCarroll, Sean (2011). "The Plenary Councils of Baltimore (1852-1884):The Formation of America's Catholic School System Amidst Anti-Catholicism in the United States" (PDF). Michigan Journal of History. Retrieved December 14, 2023.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 "The Formation of the National Catholic War Council, The Origin of the USCCB". Catholic New York. November 14, 2017. Retrieved January 27, 2025.
  9. 1 2 "A Brief History of USCCB | USCCB". www.usccb.org. Retrieved January 27, 2025.
  10. ↑ "USCCB Timeline 1917–2017". United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived from the original on November 12, 2017. Retrieved November 20, 2017.
  11. ↑ Appleby, Scott. "The Church at Risk Remarks to the USCCB. Speech at the USCCB Meeting in Dallas TX June 13, 2002" (PDF). usccb. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 28, 2022. Retrieved March 1, 2024. On this matter of reassigning predator priests, the apologies issuing from bishops and cardinals will not be heard unless and until they go beyond the rhetoric of "mistakes and errors" and name the protection of abusive priests for what it is-- a sin, born of the arrogance of power
  12. ↑ Gibson, David. "Catholic bishops finally tackle the sex abuse cover-up. Now comes the hard part". National Catholic Reporter . Religion News Service. Archived from the original on September 24, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  13. ↑ Roberts, Tom (April 29, 2015). "Annual report on Dallas Charter shows continued decline in number of abuse cases". National Catholic Reporter. Archived from the original on May 8, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  14. ↑ United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (2005). "Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People" (PDF). United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 19, 2009. Retrieved October 8, 2007.
  15. ↑ "Scandals in the church: The Bishops' Decisions; The Bishops' Charter for the Protection of Children and Young People". The New York Times. June 15, 2002. Archived from the original on July 28, 2018. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
  16. ↑ Beliefnet.com Archived May 19, 2009, at the Wayback Machine . Retrieved February 14, 2009.
  17. ↑ Paulson, Michael (June 18, 2005). "Catholic bishops retain 'zero tolerance' policy". Boston.com. Archived from the original on April 3, 2015. Retrieved May 5, 2015.
  18. ↑ "The Nature and Scope of Sexual Abuse of Minors By Catholic Priests and Deacons in the United States 195O–2OO2. A Research Study Conducted By The John Jay College of Criminal Justice The City University of New York For The United States Conference of Catholic Bishops" (PDF). USCCB. John Jay College of Criminal Justice, City University of New York. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 21, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  19. ↑ "US bishops to elect new leaders, mark abuse reform milestone". AP News. November 14, 2022. Archived from the original on June 28, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  20. ↑ "Catholic bishops covered up 'hundreds' of sexual abuses in Pennsylvania". The Guardian. Associated Press. March 1, 2016. ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on September 12, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2024. The US Conference of Catholic Bishops estimates that American dioceses have paid nearly $4bn since 1950 to settle claims with victims.
  21. ↑ Buller, Robin (November 12, 2023). "Catholic dioceses are declaring bankruptcy. Abuse survivors say it's a 'way to silence' them". The Guardian. ISSN   0261-3077. Archived from the original on February 13, 2024. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  22. ↑ "2022 Anual Report" (PDF). USCCB. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 7, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  23. ↑ "USCCB leaders apologize to clergy abuse victims as McCarrick report is released". Detroit Catholic. Retrieved January 29, 2025.
  24. 1 2 http://www.christianlifeandliberty.net/RTL.bmp Archived March 15, 2021, at the Wayback Machine K.M. Cassidy. "Right to Life." In Dictionary of Christianity in America, Coordinating Editor, Daniel G. Reid. Downers Grove, Illinois: InterVarsity Press, 1990. pp. 1017,1018.
  25. ↑ Goldman, Ari L. (April 6, 1990). "Catholic Bishops Hire Firms To Market Fight on Abortion". The New York Times. ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on April 28, 2023. Retrieved March 1, 2024.
  26. ↑ Fraga, Brian. "US bishops again declare abortion 'preeminent priority' for Catholic voters". www.ncronline.org. Retrieved January 29, 2025.
  27. ↑ Meehan, Seth (March 16, 2012). "Catholics and Contraception: Boston, 1965". Campaign Stops. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  28. ↑ "USCCB News - Pentecostal/Charismatic Christians and Roman Catholics Engage in Exploratory Ecumenical Dialogue".
  29. ↑ "Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services" (PDF). usccb.org. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on December 18, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
  30. ↑ "Bishops to Vote on Proposal to Revise 'Ethical and Religious Directives for Catholic Health Care Services' at November Meeting". www.usccb.org. Archived from the original on October 29, 2016. Retrieved October 29, 2016.
  31. ↑ "Health Care Denied". American Civil Liberties Union. Archived from the original on July 25, 2017. Retrieved October 29, 2016. HEALTH CARE DENIED Patients and Physicians Speak Out About Catholic Hospitals and the Threat to Women's Health and Lives
  32. 1 2 "Religious Freedom Week | USCCB". www.usccb.org. Retrieved January 28, 2025.
  33. 1 2 Asher, Julie (September 1, 2023). "USCCB argues protecting innocent life must be priority in gun rights case before high court". The Pilot. Vol. 194, no. 33. p. 3.
  34. ↑ Timm, Jane C. (January 27, 2017). "Advocacy, Aid Groups Condemn Trump Order as 'Muslim Ban'". NBC News. Archived from the original on September 30, 2018. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  35. ↑ Kelsey, Adam; Stracqualursi, Veronica (September 5, 2017). "Lawmakers, organizations speak out after Trump's decision to end DACA". ABC News. Archived from the original on September 5, 2017. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  36. ↑ Boorstein, Michelle (June 13, 2018). "Catholic bishops call Trump's asylum rules 'immoral,' with one suggesting 'canonical penalties' for those involved". The New York Times. Archived from the original on November 26, 2020. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  37. ↑ "HHS rule helps 'restore rights of health care providers,' say bishops". www.thebostonpilot.com. Archived from the original on June 17, 2020. Retrieved June 17, 2020.
  38. ↑ "Doctrinal dicastery explains how, when gay couples can be blessed | USCCB". www.usccb.org. Retrieved January 29, 2025.
  39. ↑ Crary, David (November 17, 2020). "Leader of US Catholic bishops: Biden's stances pose dilemma". ABC News. Associated Press. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  40. ↑ Boorstein, Michelle (December 9, 2020). "Biden could redefine what it means to be a Catholic in good standing. Catholics are divided on whether that is a good thing". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on June 28, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  41. 1 2 "In rare rebuke, Cardinal Cupich criticizes USCCB president's letter to President Biden". America Magazine. January 20, 2021. Archived from the original on January 20, 2021. Retrieved January 21, 2021.
  42. 1 2 "In Unprecedented Move, Cardinal Cupich Criticizes USCCB Statement on Joe Biden". NCR. January 21, 2021. Archived from the original on January 21, 2021. Retrieved January 23, 2021.
  43. ↑ "Cardinal Ladaria to US Bishops: Debate on Communion and abortion should not lead to division". Vatican News. Dicasterium pro Communicatione. May 12, 2021. Archived from the original on May 12, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021. Cardinal Luis Ladaria, Prefect for the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, writes to US Bishops urging them to preserve unity amid discussions on anti-abortion issues. He notes that it would be misleading if the impression were given that abortion and euthanasia alone constitute the only grave matters of Catholic moral and social teaching.
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  45. ↑ Poggioli, Sylvia (May 11, 2021). "Vatican Warns U.S. Bishops About Denying Communion To Supporters Of Abortion Rights". National Public Radio. Archived from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021. The Vatican's top enforcer of doctrine has sent a warning to U.S. bishops about a potential proposal by some conservative clergy to deny communion to Catholic elected officials who support legislation allowing abortion.
  46. ↑ Luis F. Card. Ladaria, S.I. (May 7, 2021). "Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith Letter" (PDF). AP News. Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith. Archived (PDF) from the original on May 13, 2021. Retrieved May 13, 2021.
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  48. ↑ Crary, David (April 28, 2021). "US Catholic bishops may press Biden to stop taking Communion". AP. Archived from the original on June 18, 2021. Retrieved June 19, 2021.
  49. ↑ Chappell, Bill (June 3, 2020). "Pope Francis Prays For George Floyd, Decries 'The Sin Of Racism'". NPR. Archived from the original on June 24, 2021. Retrieved June 18, 2021.
  50. ↑ "Consolidated financial statements" (PDF). USCCB. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 29, 2019. Retrieved November 14, 2019.
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