Uravan, Colorado

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Uravan, Colorado
Mining ghost town
UravanCO2008.jpg
The reclaimed Uravan townsite (at the base of sandstone outcrop) as it appeared in 2008
USA Colorado location map.svg
Red pog.svg
Uravan
Usa edcp location map.svg
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Uravan
Coordinates: 38°22′06″N108°44′11″W / 38.36833°N 108.73639°W / 38.36833; -108.73639
Country United States
State Colorado
County Montrose
Elevation
4,990 ft (1,520 m)
Population
 (2010)
 • Total
0
Time zone UTC-7 (Mountain (MST))
 • Summer (DST) UTC-6 (MDT)
GNIS feature ID203153 [1]

Uravan (a contraction of uranium/vanadium [2] ) is a former uranium mining town [3] in western Montrose County, Colorado, United States, which still appears on some maps. The town was a company town established by U. S. Vanadium Corporation in 1936 to extract the rich vanadium ore in the region. As a byproduct of vanadium extraction, small amounts of uranium were also produced, at the time mostly used as a yellow pigment for ceramics.

Contents

The town was located approximately 90 miles (140 km) south-southwest of Grand Junction along the San Miguel River. At one time, over 800 people lived in Uravan, and the town housed a school, a trading center (store), medical facilities, tennis courts, a recreation center, and a pool. The school and some other facilities remained operational until at least 1983; however, Uravan was shut down by mid-1985, and no traces of its former buildings remain. Uravan is now an uninhabited, undeveloped Superfund site.

Prehistory

There are several prehistoric sites near Uravan on the Colorado State Register of Historic Properties: [4]

History

Gold

In 1885, placer gold was discovered in a tributary of the San Miguel River, Mesa Creek, nine miles from Nucla, Colorado. The Montrose Placer Mining Company constructed the Hanging Flume on the east wall of Dolores River Canyon. [5] : 54–56 

20th century uranium mining

During World War II, Uravan provided part of the uranium needed by the Manhattan Project for the first atomic bomb. Because of wartime secrecy the Manhattan Project would only publicly admit to purchasing the vanadium, and did not pay the uranium miners for the uranium ore (in a much later lawsuit, many miners were able to reclaim lost profits from the U.S. government).

Holding ponds for uranium processing (1972) Uranium wast holding ponds.jpg
Holding ponds for uranium processing (1972)

In the beginning of the Cold War, to ensure adequate supplies of uranium for national defense, the United States Congress passed the U.S. Atomic Energy Act of 1946, creating the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission (AEC) which had the power to withdraw prospective uranium mining land from public purchase, and also to manipulate the price of uranium to meet national needs. By setting a high price for uranium ore, the AEC created a uranium "boom" in the early 1950s, which attracted many prospectors to the Four Corners region of the country. Uravan's fortunes grew as it became one of the major "yellowcake boomtowns" in the region.

American military requirements of uranium declined in the 1960s, and the government completed its uranium procurement program by the end of 1970. Simultaneously, a new market emerged: commercial nuclear power plants. However, the U.S. domestic uranium mining industry collapsed in the late 1970s and early 1980s, due to lack of new nuclear power plants, and to low-price uranium imported from Canada.

The town had been in decline for several years; the decision was made to close Uravan in 1985 and commence a large-scale clean-up of the entire site. Environmental cleanup of the site commenced in 1986 and was completed in 2008. [6] All the buildings have been removed and the site regraded and replanted, about 800 inhabitants had to move. [7] All that remains is a turnoff and interpretive sign along State Highway 141. Former residents of Uravan raised funds to preserve a boarding house and recreation center on the old town site, but Dow Chemical, which acquired Union Carbide, the owner of the Uravan mill, in 1999, burned them down in 2007 due to fears of radiative contamination. [8]

Future

On May 6, 2012, the Montrose County Board of County Commissioners signed the Omnibus Agreement with Dow Chemical, giving them three tracts of land: Ballpark Parcel #1, a 133-acre (54 ha) plot between Hwy. 141 and the San Miguel River; Ballpark Parcel #2, approximately ten acres (4.0 ha) northwest of the first parcel; and the townsite property, located between County Roads EE22 and Y11. [9]

Montrose County agreed to accept this property on behalf of the Rimrocker Historical Society of Western Montrose County, which has worked since 1990 to preserve and interpret the history of Uravan. The Rimrocker Historical Society and Montrose County entered into a long-term lease on May 1, 2013 for a 17-acre (6.9 ha) section of Ballpark parcel #1, with the intention of building a museum and campground on the property.

The Rimrocker Historical Society of Western Montrose County hosts the annual Uranium History Celebration and Reunion Picnic at Historic Uravan, Colorado every August. Over 1,000 people attended the 100th anniversary of the original Joe Jr. Mill in 2012.

See also

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References

  1. ↑ "Uravan". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior. October 13, 1978. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
  2. ↑ Dawson, John Frank. Place names in Colorado: why 700 communities were so named, 150 of Spanish or Indian origin. Denver, CO: The J. Frank Dawson Publishing Co. p. 50.
  3. ↑ "Uravan". Geographic Names Information System . United States Geological Survey, United States Department of the Interior . Retrieved February 17, 2011.
  4. ↑ National & State Registers. Archived 2012-04-24 at the Wayback Machine Colorado Historical Society, Office of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Retrieved 10-8-2011.
  5. ↑ Voynick, S.M., 1992, Colorado Gold, Missoula: Mountain Press Publishing Company, ISBN   0878424555
  6. ↑ Cleanup of historic Uravan uranium mill completed
  7. ↑ What happened to the town of Uravan, Colorado?
  8. ↑ ‘It lives in geologic time’: Nuclear contamination and health risks remain throughout Colorado
  9. ↑ "2012 Member of the Year". Annual News (xix ed.). Rimrocker Historical Society of Western Montrose County. 2012. Retrieved March 24, 2021.
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