Vangueria

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Vangueria
Vangueria parvifolia IMG 3152.jpg
Vangueria parvifolia Sond.
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Asterids
Order: Gentianales
Family: Rubiaceae
Subfamily: Ixoroideae
Tribe: Vanguerieae
Genus: Vangueria
Juss. (1789)
Type species
Vangueria madagascariensis
Synonyms

Vangueria is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is named for Voa vanguer, as V. madagascariensis is known in Malagasy. [1]

Contents

Distribution

The genus contains over 50 species distributed in Africa south of the Sahara with one species occurring in Madagascar ( V. madagascariensis ). The centre of diversity is in East Africa (Kenya, Tanzania) and they are rare in West Africa.

Bacterial leaf symbiosis

Endophytic bacteria are housed in the intercellular space of the leaf mesophyll tissue. The presence of these bacteria can only be microscopically ascertained. The bacteria are identified as Burkholderia , which is a genus that is also found in the leaves of other Rubiaceae species. [2] [3] The hypothesis is that these endophytic bacteria provide chemical protection against insect herbivory. [4]

Gousiekte

Several Vangueria species - V. latifolia , V. pygmaea , V. thamnus - are known to cause gousiekte, a cardiotoxicosis of ruminants characterised by heart failure four to eight weeks after ingestion of certain rubiaceous plants. [5]

Taxonomy

The genus was firist described by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu in 1789. [6]

Species in the former genus Tapiphyllum were sunk into synonymy Vangueria when a 2005 molecular phylogenetic study showed that the type species, Tapiphyllum cinerascens, is more closely related to Vangueria than to Tapiphyllum obtusifolium and Tapiphyllum velutinum, and that the latter two were not distinct from Vangueria. [7]

Species

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rubiaceae</span> Family of flowering plants including coffee, madder and bedstraw

The Rubiaceae are a family of flowering plants, commonly known as the coffee, madder, or bedstraw family. It consists of terrestrial trees, shrubs, lianas, or herbs that are recognizable by simple, opposite leaves with interpetiolar stipules and sympetalous actinomorphic flowers. The family contains about 13,500 species in about 620 genera, which makes it the fourth-largest angiosperm family. Rubiaceae has a cosmopolitan distribution; however, the largest species diversity is concentrated in the tropics and subtropics. Economically important genera include Coffea, the source of coffee, Cinchona, the source of the antimalarial alkaloid quinine, ornamental cultivars, and historically some dye plants.

<i>Anthospermum</i> Genus of plants

Anthospermum is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in Tropical and Southern Africa, Madagascar and in southwestern Arabian Peninsula.

<i>Canthium</i> Genus of plants

Canthium is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. They are shrubs and small trees. The leaves are deciduous and the stems are usually thorny.

<i>Lagynias</i> Genus of African trees

Lagynias was a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae but is no longer recognized. In 2005, it was sunk into synonymy with Vangueria, based on a phylogenetic study of DNA sequences.

<i>Leptactina</i> Genus of plants

Leptactina is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. There are about 27 species. They are all native to sub-Saharan Africa, where most occur in rainforest habitat.

Multidentia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae.

<i>Pavetta</i> Genus of flowering plants in the coffee, madder and bedstraw family Rubiaceae

Pavetta is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises about 360 species of trees, evergreen shrubs and sub-shrubs. It is found in woodlands, grasslands and thickets in sub-tropical and tropical Africa and Asia. The plants are cultivated for their simple but variable leaves, usually opposite but also occur in triple whorls. The leaves are often membranous with dark bacterial nodules. Pavetta has small, white, tubular flowers, sometimes salviform or funnel-shaped with 4 spreading petal lobes. The flowers are carried on terminal corymbs or cymes.

<i>Rytigynia</i> Genus of flowering plants

Rytigynia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and southern Africa. The genera Rytigynia and Fadogia form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic.

Sericanthe is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is found in tropical and subtropical Africa. The genus was described by Elmar Robbrecht in 1978 based on the species in Neorosea, except for the type species, Neorosea jasminiflora, which went to Tricalysia. Bacterial leaf nodules are found in most of the species and the endophytic bacteria have been identified as Burkholderia.

<i>Tricalysia</i> Genus of plants

Tricalysia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in tropical and southern Africa and on the islands in the Western Indian Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Vanguerieae</span> Tribe of flowering plants

Vanguerieae is a tribe of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae and contains about 655 species in 30 genera. It is one of the most species-rich groups within the family and it is distributed across the Paleotropics.

<i>Fadogia</i> Genus of plants

Fadogia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genera Rytigynia and Fadogia form a strongly supported clade but neither of these genera is monophyletic.

<i>Canthium armatum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Canthium armatum is a species of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It is a shrub or tree native to southern Mozambique, Eswatini, and KwaZulu-Natal and the Northern Provinces of northeastern South Africa. The species is characterized by the presence of large spines.

Fadogiella is a small genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It was described by Walter Robyns in 1928.

Vangueriella is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. The genus is found in tropical Africa.

Cuviera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae native to tropical Africa. It was originally described by Augustin Pyramus de Candolle in 1807 and is named after the French naturalist Georges Cuvier.

Globulostylis is a genus of flowering plants in the family Rubiaceae. It comprises 8 species growing in Central Africa.

<i>Vangueria pygmaea</i> Species of plant

Vangueria pygmaea is a species of flowering plant in the family Rubiaceae.

References

  1. Thomas, Val; Rina Grant (2001). Sappi tree spotting : Highlands : Highveld, Drakensberg, Eastern Cape mountains (3rd ed.). Johannesburg: Jacana. p. 262. ISBN   978-1-77009-561-8.
  2. Verstraete B, Janssens S, Smets E, Dessein S (2013). "Symbiotic beta-proteobacteria beyond legumes: Burkholderia in Rubiaceae". PLOS ONE. 8 (1): e55260. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055260 . PMC   3555867 . PMID   23372845.
  3. Verstraete B, Janssens S, Lemaire B, Smets E, Dessein S (2013). "Phylogenetic lineages in Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) associated with Burkholderia bacteria in sub-Saharan Africa". American Journal of Botany. 100 (12): 2380–2387. doi:10.3732/ajb.1300303. PMID   24275705.
  4. Sieber S, Carlier A, Neuburger M, Grabenweger G, Eberl L, Gademann K (2015). "Isolation and total synthesis of kirkamide, an aminocyclitol from an obligate leaf nodule symbiont" (PDF). Angewandte Chemie International Edition. 54 (27): 7968–7970. doi:10.1002/anie.201502696. PMID   26033226.
  5. Verstraete B, Van Elst D, Steyn H, Van Wyk B, Lemaire B, Smets E, Dessein S (2011). "Endophytic Bacteria in Toxic South African Plants: Identification, Phylogeny and Possible Involvement in Gousiekte". PLOS ONE. 6 (4): e19265. Bibcode:2011PLoSO...619265V. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019265 . PMC   3082559 . PMID   21541284.
  6. Vangueria Juss. Plants of the World Online . Retrieved 10 December 2023.
  7. Lantz H, Bremer B (2005). "Phylogeny of the complex Vanguerieae (Rubiaceae) genera Fadogia, Rytigynia, and Vangueria with close relatives and a new circumscription of Vangueria". Plant Systematics and Evolution. 253 (1–4): 159–183. doi:10.1007/s00606-005-0313-9. S2CID   30867982.