White-browed hermit

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White-browed hermit
Phaethornis stuarti White-browed Hermit; Paucartambo, Peru.jpg
CITES Appendix II (CITES) [2]
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Clade: Strisores
Order: Apodiformes
Family: Trochilidae
Genus: Phaethornis
Species:
P. stuarti
Binomial name
Phaethornis stuarti
Hartert, 1897
Phaethornis stuarti map.svg

The white-browed hermit (Phaethornis stuarti) is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in the Andean foothills and adjacent lowlands in Bolivia and Peru. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest.

Taxonomy and systematics

The white-browed hermit has been suggested to be conspecific with the reddish hermit (P. ruber) "but they are clearly separate species". [3] The white-browed hermit is monotypic. [4]

Description

The white-browed hermit is 10 cm (4 in) long and weighs 2.5 g (0.09 oz). Sexes are similar, but males have a narrow black breast band and females have longer central tail feathers with paler tips. The facial pattern includes a distinct whitish supercilium and white throat. The bill is black above and yellow below.

The species is difficult to distinguish from the very similar Reddish Hermit (Phaethornis ruber) which generally occurs at lower elevations, and identification criteria between the two species is still not well known. White-browed Hermit may be slightly paler with more bronze coloration in the tail. [5]

Distribution and habitat

The white-browed hermit's range extends along the base of the Andes from central Peru south to central Bolivia, in an elevational band from 350 m to 1400 m. The species is generally encountered most often within forest interior, although individuals occasionally forage along forest edge.

Behavior

Movement

The white-browed hermit is assumed to be sedentary. [6]

Feeding

Like most hummingbirds, the white-browed hermit feeds mostly on nectar from a variety of flowers, but also consumes some small arthropods. [6]

Breeding

The white-browed hermit's breeding phenology has not been documented. [6]

Vocalization

The white-browed hermit's song is "a descending, accelerating series of high-pitched notes, 'tseee-tsee-tsee-tsi-ti-tututu' interspersed by quiet 'tewp' notes." [6]

Status

The IUCN has assessed the white-browed hermit as being of Least Concern, though its population size is unknown and believed to be decreasing. [1] It is "[v]ery poorly known, and should probably be classed as Data Deficient". [6]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Sooty-capped hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The sooty-capped hermit is a species of bird in the family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, French Guiana, Guyana, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Rufous-capped thornbill</span> Species of hummingbird

The rufous-capped thornbill is a species of hummingbird in the "coquettes", tribe Lesbiini of subfamily Lesbiinae. It is found in Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pale-bellied hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The pale-bellied hermit is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia, Panama, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Black-throated hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The black-throated hermit is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Straight-billed hermit</span> Species of hummiingbird

The straight-billed hermit is a species of bird in the family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Scale-throated hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The scale-throated hermit is a species in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. It is found in Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Grey-chinned hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The grey-chinned hermit is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">White-bearded hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The white-bearded hermit is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Minute hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The minute hermit is a tiny species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is endemic to Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Koepcke's hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

Koepcke's hermit is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is endemic to Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Great-billed hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The great-billed hermit is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Peru, Suriname, and Venezuela.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Cinnamon-throated hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The cinnamon-throated hermit is a species in the hummingbird family Trochilidae. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Needle-billed hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The needle-billed hermit is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Reddish hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The reddish hermit is a species of bird in the family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds. It is found in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela, and the Guianas.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Dusky-throated hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The dusky-throated hermit is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is endemic to Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Buff-bellied hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The buff-bellied hermit is a species of bird in the family Trochilidae, the hummingbirds. It is found in Bolivia and Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Pale-tailed barbthroat</span> Species of hummingbird

The pale-tailed barbthroat is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is found throughout much of the Amazon Basin from the eastern Andean foothills to the Atlantic Ocean.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Planalto hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The planalto hermit is a species of hummingbird. It is found in Argentina, Bolivia, Brazil, Paraguay, and Peru.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Tapajós hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The Tapajós hermit is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is endemic to Brazil.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mexican hermit</span> Species of hummingbird

The Mexican hermit is a species of hummingbird in the family Trochilidae. It is endemic to Mexico.

References

  1. 1 2 BirdLife International (2016). "White-browed Hermit Phaethornis stuarti". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2016: e.T22686994A93135194. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22686994A93135194.en . Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  2. ↑ "Appendices | CITES". cites.org. Retrieved 2022-01-14.
  3. ↑ Remsen, J. V., Jr., J. I. Areta, E. Bonaccorso, S. Claramunt, A. Jaramillo, D. F. Lane, J. F. Pacheco, M. B. Robbins, F. G. Stiles, and K. J. Zimmer. Version 24 August 2021. A classification of the bird species of South America. American Ornithological Society. https://www.museum.lsu.edu/~Remsen/SACCBaseline.htm retrieved August 24, 2021
  4. ↑ Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P. (July 2021). "IOC World Bird List (v 11.2)" . Retrieved July 14, 2021.
  5. ↑ Schulenberg, Thomas; et al. (2007). Birds of Peru. Princeton University Press. p. 214.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 Hinkelmann, C. and P. F. D. Boesman (2020). White-browed Hermit (Phaethornis stuarti), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (J. del Hoyo, A. Elliott, J. Sargatal, D. A. Christie, and E. de Juana, Editors). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi.org/10.2173/bow.whbher3.01 retrieved November 29, 2021
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