Xanthium orientale

Xanthium orientale
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Plantae
Clade:	Tracheophytes
Clade:	Angiosperms
Clade:	Eudicots
Clade:	Asterids
Order:	Asterales
Family:	Asteraceae
Tribe:	Heliantheae
Genus:	Xanthium
Species:	X. orientale
Binomial name
Xanthium orientale L.
Synonyms [1]
List Xanthium acerosumGreene Xanthium acutilobumMillsp. & Sherff Xanthium acutumGreene Xanthium affineGreene Xanthium albinum(Widder) Scholz & Sukopp Xanthium americanumWalter Xanthium aridumH.St.John Xanthium australeMillsp. & Sherff Xanthium barcinonenseSennen Xanthium brevirostreHochst. ex A.Rich. Xanthium brevirostreWallr. Xanthium bubalocarponBush Xanthium californicumGreene Xanthium calvumMillsp. & Sherff Xanthium campestreGreene Xanthium canadenseMill. Xanthium cavanillesiiSchouw Xanthium cenchroidesMillsp. & Sherff Xanthium chinense var. globuliformeC.Shull Xanthium chseiFernald Xanthium cloessplateaumD.Z.Ma Xanthium communeBritton Xanthium cordifoliumStokes Xanthium crassifoliumMillsp. & Sherff Xanthium cuneatumMoench Xanthium curvescensMillsp. & Sherff Xanthium discolorWallr. Xanthium echinatumMurray Xanthium fuscescensJord. & Fourr. Xanthium glabratumBritton Xanthium glanduliferumGreene Xanthium hispanicumSennen Xanthium homothalamumSpreng. Xanthium italicumMoretti Xanthium leptocarpumMillsp. & Sherff Xanthium longirostreWallr. Xanthium macouniiBritton Xanthium macrocarpum var. italicum(Moretti) Nyman Xanthium maculatumRaf. Xanthium monoicumGilib. Xanthium nigriCes., Pass. & Gibelli Xanthium oligacanthumPiper Xanthium oviformeWallr. Xanthium palustreGreene Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr. Xanthium pungens var. denudatumWidder Xanthium ripariumItzigs. & Hertzsch Xanthium ripariumLasch Xanthium ripicolaHolub Xanthium roxburghiiWallr. Xanthium saccharatumWallr. Xanthium silphiifoliumGreene Xanthium speciosumKearney Xanthium sphaerocephalumSalzm. ex Ball Xanthium strumarium var. canadense(Mill.) Torr. & A.Gray Xanthium strumarium var. echinatum(Murray) A.Gray Xanthium strumarium subsp. italicum(Moretti) D.Löve Xanthium strumarium f. purpurascensPriszter Xanthium strumarium var. wootonii(Cockerell) W.C.Martin & C.R.Hutchins Xanthium variansGreene Xanthium wootoniiCockerell

Xanthium orientale is a species of annual plant of the daisy family Asteraceae. ^[1]

Use by Native Americans

The Zuni people use the plant for multiple purposes. The chewed seeds are rubbed onto the body before the cactus ceremony to protect it from spines. A compound poultice of seeds is applied to wounds or used to remove splinters. ^[2] The seeds are also ground, mixed with cornmeal, made into cakes, and steamed for food. ^{[3] [4]}

References

1. "Xanthium orientale L. | Plants of the World Online | Kew Science". Plants of the World Online. Retrieved 2022-07-01.
2. Stevenson, Matilda Coxe (1915). "Ethnobotany of the Zuni Indians". SI-BAE Annual Report. 30: 62–63.
3. Stevenson (1915), p. 71.
4. Castetter, Edward F. (1935). "Ethnobiological Studies in the American Southwest I. Uncultivated Native Plants Used as Sources of Food". University of New Mexico Bulletin. 4 (1): 1–44, 54.