Yersinella raymondii | |
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Yersinella raymondii, male | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Arthropoda |
Class: | Insecta |
Order: | Orthoptera |
Suborder: | Ensifera |
Family: | Tettigoniidae |
Genus: | Yersinella |
Species: | Y. raymondii |
Binomial name | |
Yersinella raymondii (Yersin, 1860) | |
Synonyms [1] [2] | |
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Yersinella raymondii, common name Raymond's bush-cricket, is a species of "katydids crickets" belonging to the family Tettigoniidae subfamily Tettigoniinae. The scientific name Yersinella comes from the name of the entomologist who has described the species in 1860.
This quite common cricket is mainly present in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, France, Italy, Greece, Slovenia, Spain and Switzerland. [3] [4]
These "katydids crickets" mainly inhabit forest edges, open forests and Mediterranean shrubland, at an elevation up to 1,600 metres (5,200 ft) above sea level. [4] They prefer shrubs and low herbaceous plants or soil, rather than tall grasses. As a matter of fact they live in hilly and mountainous areas, in the margins of forests and woodlands, as well in open areas with plenty of vegetation.
Yersinella raymondii is rather small species, the adults grow up to about 12–16 millimetres (0.47–0.63 in) long, while females reach a maximum of 25–26 millimetres (0.98–1.02 in), including the relatively conspicuous, slightly and evenly bent upwards ovipositor (about 8–11 millimetres (0.31–0.43 in)). [5]
The basic coloration of the body usually varies from gray to chestnut to reddish brown. The females are often brighter and less contrasted than the males. On the sides of the body runs a broad, longitudinal, dark gray or dark brown band, while the top of the body is light gray-colored or light brown, with two longitudinal brown lines. [5] The compound eyes are dark brown. Antennae are longer than the body. The pronotum is flattened and extended to the rear and at the lower edge of its lateral margins there are whitish or yellowish bands. In the females the wings are reduced, protruding only just below the pronotum, where as in the male they are larger, but protrude beyond the neck shield at most by half its length. [5] The abdomen is long and thick. The legs are brown, have darker areas on their knees and short thin spines on the lower parts of all pairs. The cerci of the males are slightly flattened and have no inner tooth. [5]
Because of their small size and the barely visible wings often Yersinella raymondii is wrongly confused with a nymph of other grasshoppers, as well with Rhacocleis germanica , but it can be easily distinguished by the mentioned flat ends of the cerci typical of males and by the clear stripe on its back, contrasting with the sides of the body.
Adults can be encountered from July through November. [5] These crickets mainly feed on small invertebrates and on vegetable foods. Their nymphs are easily found in the litter. This species is a good index of the state of the forests, being quite sensitive to the environmental modifications.
Gryllinae, or field crickets, are a subfamily of insects in the order Orthoptera and the family Gryllidae.
Parcoblatta fulvescens, the fulvous wood cockroach, is a species of cockroach endemic to the United States and possibly Canada that measures around 13 mm (0.5 in) long.
Saga pedo is a species of wingless bush cricket from the southern half of Europe and western and central Asia. This brown or green bush cricket typically has a total length, from the head to the tip of the ovipositor, of up to 10.5 cm (4.1 in), but exceptionally it may reach 12 cm (4.7 in), which makes it one of the largest European insects and one of the world's largest Orthoptera. The head-and-body alone typically is 5–7 cm (2.0–2.8 in) long in adults, but may reach up to 7.8 cm (3.1 in).
Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa, commonly known as the European mole cricket, is widespread in Europe and has been introduced to the eastern United States. The scientific name is 'mole cricket', derived from the Latin 'gryllus' (cricket); and 'talpa' (mole), because of the fine dense fur which covers it and its subterranean habits, and because of the mole-like forelegs adapted for digging, a good example of convergent evolution.
Gryllus pennsylvanicus is known as the fall field cricket. G. pennsylvanicus is common in southern Ontario, is widespread across much of North America and can be found even into parts of northern Mexico. It tends to be absent in most of the southwestern United States including southern California. Within its geographic range this field cricket will burrow into soil in fields and forest edges. Individuals inhabit grassy disturbed areas and are often found around areas of human habitation.
Podisma pedestris is a species of 'short-horned grasshoppers' belonging to the family Acrididae subfamily Melanoplinae.
Metaplastes pulchripennis, common name Italian ornate bush-cricket, is a species of 'katydids crickets' belonging to the family Tettigoniidae subfamily Phaneropterinae.
Phaneroptera nana, common name southern sickle bush-cricket, is a species in the family Tettigoniidae and subfamily Phaneropterinae. It has become an invasive species in California where it may be called the Mediterranean katydid.
Eupholidoptera chabrieri is a species of katydid belonging to the subfamily Tettigoniinae.
Pholidoptera fallax is a species of 'katydids crickets' belonging to the family Tettigoniidae subfamily Tettigoniinae.
Pholidoptera griseoaptera, the dark bush-cricket, is a flightless species of European bush-cricket; it is the type species of its genus with no subspecies.
Barbitistes obtusus, the southern saw-tailed bush-cricket or Alpine saw bush-cricket, is a species of bush crickets in the subfamily Phaneropterinae.
Stenobothrus rubicundulus, the wing-buzzing grasshopper, is a species of short-horned grasshoppers in the family Acrididae.
Antaxius pedestris is a species of "bush crickets" belonging to the family Tettigoniidae. It was originally described by Johan Christian Fabricius under the scientific name of Locusta pedestris.
Sepiana sepium, common name sepia bush-cricket, is a species of bush crickets belonging to the tribe Platycleidini and genus group Platycleis. It is the only species within the monotypic genus Sepiana.
Leptophyes laticauda is a species of bush-crickets belonging to the family Tettigoniidae.
Melanoplus bispinosus, the two-spined spurthroated grasshopper, is a species of grasshopper belonging to the genus Melanoplus. This grasshopper is native to the United States.
Ephippiger perforatus, the North Apennine saddle bush-cricket, is a species of insect in the family Tettigoniidae.
Ephippiger terrestris, common name Alpine saddle-backed bush-cricket, is a bush cricket species belonging to the family Tettigoniidae, subfamily Bradyporinae.
Pamphagus sardeus is a large species of Pamphagidae and one of the most massive Italian Orthoptera.