Lee was born and raised in Gwangju,South Korea and graduated from KAIST with a Master's degree in Mechanical Engineering. In 2006,she was selected as one of two finalists in the Korean Astronaut Program:a mission to send the first Koreans to space. A year later,it was announced that she was to be the backup. However,on March 10,2008,it was announced that she would be the primary. On April 8,2008,she was launched into space alongside two Russian cosmonauts. She spent around eleven days in space;on April 19,she returned to the surface.
Yi So-yeon's father is Yi Gil-soo and mother Jeong Geum-soon,and she was raised in Gwangju,South Korea.[2]
Yi studied at Gwangju Science High School. She earned bachelor's and master's degrees with a focus on mechanics at KAIST in Daejeon. Her doctorate in biotech systems was conferred on February 29,2008,in a ceremony at KAIST though she could not attend due to her training commitments in Russia. In 2010,she started an MBA program at the Haas School of Business at the University of California,Berkeley[3] In 2015 she taught engineering physics at Everett Community College in Washington State.[4]
Yi was one of the two finalists chosen on December 25,2006 through the Korean Astronaut Program. On September 5,2007,the Korean Ministry of Science and Technology selected Ko San as the primary astronaut,and Yi So-yeon as backup,following performance and other tests during their training in Russia.[5][6]
A change was made on March 7,2008,when Yi was selected to train with the primary crew,and confirmed on March 10 the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology announced that Yi would replace Ko. This was after the Russian Federal Space Agency asked for a replacement,because Ko violated regulations several times at a Russian training center by removing sensitive reading materials and mailing one back to Korea.[7][8][9][10] On April 8,2008,Yi was launched into space on board Soyuz TMA-12 with two Russian cosmonauts. South Korea is reported to have paid Russia $20million for Yi's space flight.[11] She is the third woman,after Helen Sharman of the United Kingdom and Anousheh Ansari an Iranian American,to be the first national from their country in space.
Terminology
Flying as a guest of the Russian government through a commercial agreement with South Korea,Yi's role aboard Soyuz and the ISS is referred to as a spaceflight participant(Russian:uchastnik kosmicheskovo poleta) in Russian Federal Space Agency and NASA documents and press briefings.[12]
Mission
During her mission,Yi So-yeon carried out eighteenscience experiments for KARI and conducted interviews and discussions with media. In particular,she took with her 1,000fruit flies in a special air-conditioned container box (Konkuk University experiment).[13] She monitored the way the changes in gravity and other environmental conditions alter the behaviour of the flies,or their genome. Other experiments involved the growth of plants in space,the study of the behaviour of her heart,and the effects of gravity change on the pressure in her eye and shape of her face. With a specially designed three-dimensional Samsung camera,Yi took six shots of her face every day to see how it swells in the different gravity. She also observed the Earth,and in particular the movement of dust storms from China to Korea.[14] She also measured the noise levels on board the ISS.[15]
South Korean scientists created a special low-calorie and vitamin-rich version of kimchi for Yi.[16]
Return flight
At the end of the mission,Yi returned to Earth along with ISS crew members Peggy Whitson and Yuri Malenchenko aboard Soyuz TMA-11,on April 19,2008. Due to a malfunction with the Soyuz vehicle,the craft followed a ballistic re-entry which subjects the crew to severe gravitational forces up to 10 times the amount experienced on Earth. As a result of the re-entry,the TMA-11 craft used in the return flight landed 420 kilometres (260mi) off-course from its target in Kazakhstan. All three survived,although requiring observation by medical personnel.[17] Yi was hospitalized after her return to Korea due to severe back pains.[18]
Post-flight
After her flight,Yi worked as a researcher at KARI and as Korea's space ambassador with Ko San. She will receive income from future TV commercials.[19] On October 4,2008,Yi launched the International Institute of Space Commerce at a ceremony held in Douglas,Isle of Man.[20]
Based on her track record so early on in her career,Yi was listed as one of the Fifteen Asian Scientists To Watch by Asian Scientist Magazine in May 2011.[21]
Career after flight
On August 13,2014,the Korean Aerospace Research Institute announced Yi's resignation for personal reasons,ending the country's space program. In an interview,she said she resigned to study for an MBA.[22]
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