| Zamia amazonum | |
|---|---|
 | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Gymnospermae |
| Division: | Cycadophyta |
| Class: | Cycadopsida |
| Order: | Cycadales |
| Family: | Zamiaceae |
| Genus: | Zamia |
| Species: | Z. amazonum |
| Binomial name | |
| Zamia amazonum D.W.Stev. | |
Zamia amazonum is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela.
Z. amazonum has a subterranean stem 3 to 8 centimetres (1.2 to 3.1 in) in diameter. There are two to six leaves on a plant. The leaves are 0.5 to 2.5 metres (1 ft 8 in to 8 ft 2 in) long on a 0.5 to 1 metre (1 ft 8 in to 3 ft 3 in) long petiole (stalk). The reddish-brown stalk is covered with prickles, which extend into the lower third of the leaf axis. There are 10 to 30 leaflets, which are oblong-lanceolate to lanceolate, pointed at the ends and toothed along the edges of the outer half of the leaflet. Leaflets in the middle of the leaf are 15 to 20 centimetres (5.9 to 7.9 in) long and 2 to 4 centimetres (0.79 to 1.57 in) wide. [2]
Like all Zamias, Z. amazonum is dioecious, with each plant being either male or female. Male strobili (cones) are cylindrical, 6 to 10 centimetres (2.4 to 3.9 in) long and 1 to 2 centimetres (0.39 to 0.79 in) in diameter, brown in color, and stand on 8 to 15 centimetres (3.1 to 5.9 in) long peduncles (stalks). Female cones are 10 to 15 centimetres (3.9 to 5.9 in) long and 3 to 5 centimetres (1.2 to 2.0 in) in diameter, dark red-brown in colored, and stand on 5 to 8 centimetres (2.0 to 3.1 in) long stalks. Seeds are ovoid, 1 centimetre (0.39 in) long and 0.5 centimetres (0.20 in) in diameter, with a red sarcotesta (outer fleshy coat). [3]
Z. amazonum is locally abundant in the upper Amazon basin in Brazil, Colombia, Peru, and Venezuela, and in Chocó Department on the Paciific coast of Colombia. The species name refers to its wide-spread occurrence in the Amazon basin. [2]
Crushed Z. amazonum root that has been soaked in water overnight is reported to be used as a treatment for leishmaniasis by the Chayahuita people of northeastern Peru. [4]
Zamia pumila, commonly known as guáyiga or guáyara in Spanish, is a small, tough, woody cycad native to the Greater Antilles. Z. pumila was the first species described for the genus and, therefore, is the type species for the genus Zamia, the Zamia pumila species complex, and the family Zamiaceae.
Zamia is a genus of cycad of the family Zamiaceae, native to North America from the United States throughout the West Indies, Central America, and South America as far south as Bolivia. The genus is considered to be the most ecologically and morphologically diverse of the cycads, and is estimated to have originated about 68.3 million years ago.
Itaya amicorum is a medium-size fan palm that is native to Brazil, Colombia and Peru. It is the only species in the genus Itaya. It was unknown to science until 1972, when it was discovered on the bank of the Itaya River in the Peruvian Amazon.
Zamia acuminata is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae which is threatened by habitat loss. It is found in Costa Rica and Panama.
Zamia amplifolia is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to the Calima River watershed of Valle del Cauca Department, Colombia.
Zamia fischeri is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to Mexico. It is often confused with Zamia vazquezii. Zamia fischeri is named after Gustav Fischer, a cycad enthusiast of the nineteenth century.
Zamia manicata is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Colombia and Panama. Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.
Zamia neurophyllidia is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. The original description was based on specimens found in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Panama. A more recent re-characterization of Z. neurophyllidia is based on a population found in the type locality in Bocas del Toro Province, Panama. It is part of the Zamia skinneri species complex.
Zamia pygmaea is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae found only in Cuba. It is the smallest living cycad. It is listed as critically endangered on the IUCN Red List based on its limited distribution, severely fragmented habitat, and population of less than 250 mature individuals.
Zamia roezlii (chigua) is a species of cycad, a palm-like pachycaulous plant in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in Colombia and the Pacific coast of Ecuador. It is named for the Czech botanist Benedikt Roezl. A single sperm cell from Zamia roezlii is about 0.4 mm in length and is visible to the unaided eye, being the world's largest plant sperm cell. Drosophila bifurca, a species of fruit fly, has sperm that are 5.8 cm long, albeit mostly coiled tail. The tree is up to 22 feet in height with fronds up to ten feet long bearing leaflets up to twenty inches long and six inches wide.
Brownea grandiceps is a species of tree in the family Fabaceae. Its common names include the rose of Venezuela and the scarlet flame bean. It originated in South America but is now widely grown as a decorative tree in tropical gardens.
Zamia decumbens, common name sinkhole cycad, is a species of cycad known only from Belize. The species was erroneously referred to in print several times as Z. prasina before its recognition as a distinct species. The species was proposed for protection as a critically endangered species.
Encephalartos gratus is a species of cycad that is native to Malawi and Mozambique.
Zamia hamannii is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. The only known population grows in a small area on an island on the northwestern Caribbean coast of Panama. Most plants of the species grow in forest, but some live on sandy beaches. It was named and described in 2008.
Zamia imperialis is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae. The description is based on specimens found in Coclé Province, Panama. It is part of the Zamia skinneri species complex.
Zamia nesophila, common name "guade teet", is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is endemic to several islands in northwestern Panama. Most plants grow on sandy beachs close to the sea, although some grow inland in forests. The species is critically endangered due to seaside development.
Zamia stevensonii (blanco) is a species of cycad in the family Zamiaceae. It is found in the vicinity of the Panama Canal and the Chagres River in central Panama.
Zamia integrifolia, also known as coontie, is a small, tough, woody cycad native to the southeastern United States, the Bahamas, Cuba, the Cayman Islands, and Puerto Rico.
Zamia imbricata is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae described in 2021. The stem is subterranean, the leaves have overlapping leaflets, and the reproductive cones are held on very long stalks. Its natural habitat is tropical rainforest in Colombia. It is very rare, and the known population does not appear to be successfully reproducing.
Zamia sinuensis is a species of plant in the family Zamiaceae described in 2021. The stem is subterranean or partly suterranean, with dark green compound leaves up to 3 metres (9.8 ft) long. and reproductive cones on long stalks. Its natural habitat is tropical monsoon forest in Colombia. Only five plants have been observed.
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