Zeroviella

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Zeroviella
Zeroviella papillifera.jpg
Zeroviella papillifera
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Ascomycota
Class: Lecanoromycetes
Order: Teloschistales
Family: Teloschistaceae
Genus: Zeroviella
S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2015)
Type species
Zeroviella papillifera
(Vain.) S.Y.Kondr. & Hur (2015)

Zeroviella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has eight saxicolous (rock-dwelling) species. [1] Zeroviella was segregated from Rusavskia , a closely related genus, in 2015.

Contents

Taxonomy

The genus was circumscribed by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk and Jae-Seoun Hur in 2015, to contain the species complex centred around Rusavskia papillifera. Accordingly, Zeroviella papillifera was assigned as the type species of the genus. According to their phylogenetic analysis, these species formed a monophyletic branch, warranting distinction as a new genus. [2]

Members of the genus Zeroviella exhibit distinct differences from those of the genus Rusavskia . Notably, Zeroviella has paraplectenchymatous cortical layers throughout the thallus, in contrast to Rusavskia, which primarily features scleroplectenchymatous tissue with only a slight paraplectenchymatous layer. Additionally, the thalline lobe s of Zeroviella are noticeably thinner, attributed to the absence of a well-developed hollow in the medulla. This genus also typically displays pronounced pseudocyphellae (pores on the cortex). [2]

While Zeroviella lobes appear convex due to their downward-bending edges, those of Rusavskia are extremely convex with a prominent hollow medulla. Geographically, Zeroviella is mainly found in Mediterranean and Eastern Eurasian regions, whereas Rusavskia has a bipolar distribution (i.e., occurring at both polar regions) and is present at high altitudes across all continents. Phylogenetic analyses further distinguish the two, with Zeroviella positioned on a separate monophyletic branch. [2]

The genus name honours Ukrainian botanist Dmytro K. Zerov (1895–1971), "to acknowledge his contributions, especially to the Eurasian flora of liverworts and sphagnous mosses." [2]

Description

Zeroviella has a foliose form and tends to grow on rocks. The thallus, or main body of the lichen, presents in vibrant shades ranging from yellow and orange to a deeper reddish-orange. It adheres firmly to its substrate , attaching from its lower side. [2]

Its cortical layers have a paraplectenchymatous texture, while its medullary layer lacks a prominently developed cavity. The apothecia (reproductive structures) of Zeroviella are of the zeorine / lecanorine type, with a true excipulum that is scleroplectenchymatous in nature. When it comes to the reproductive conidia , they manifest as narrowly elongated and rod-shaped ( bacilliform ). [2]

Chemically, Zeroviella contains a dominant compound known as parietin, but the genus also contains other substances like teloschistin, fallacinal, and parietinic acid; traces of emodin are present as well. [2]

Habitat and distribution

The lichen genus Zeroviella thrives predominantly in coastal areas, often colonising large siliceous boulders. It can be found on both more or less vertical and horizontal rock surfaces that are sun-exposed. Beyond the coasts, Zeroviella extends to high-altitude mountainous regions, with a particular preference for areas featuring limestone outcrops. [2]

The genus comprises eight species. Among these, Zeroviella papillifera is the most widespread. While Z. mandschurica and Z. esfahanensis are commonly found across the Asian continent, species like Z. coreana, Z. digitata, and Z. ussurica have a more limited range. [2] Z. laxa was reported as new to Pakistan in 2021. [3]

In terms of its broader geographical spread, Zeroviella predominantly populates the Palearctic region, encompassing Europe, Asia, and North Africa. Although there are a few reports of Zeroviella papillifera being found in North America, these records require further verification. [2]

Species

As of September 2023, Species Fungorum (in the Catalogue of life) accepts eight species of Zeroviella. [1]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Teloschistaceae</span> Family of lichen-forming fungi

The Teloschistaceae are a large family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Many members of the Teloschistaceae are readily identifiable by their vibrant orange to yellow hue, a result of its frequent anthraquinone content. The presence of these anthraquinone pigments, which confer protection from ultraviolet light, enabled this group to expand from shaded forest habitats to harsher environmental conditions of sunny and arid ecosystems during the Late Cretaceous. Collectively, the family has a cosmopolitan distribution, although members occur predominantly in subtropical and temperate regions. Although most members either live on rock or on bark, about 40 species are lichenicolous–meaning they live on other lichens.

<i>Gyalolechia</i> Genus of lichen-forming fungi

Gyalolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi belonging to the family Teloschistaceae. It contains 18 species of crustose lichens.

<i>Igneoplaca</i> Lichen genus

Igneoplaca is a genus in the subfamily Xanthorioideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It contains a single species, the crustose lichen Igneoplaca ignea.

Sirenophila is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species with an Australasian distribution.

Kaernefia is a genus of crustose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species, found in Australia or South Africa.

Filsoniana is a genus of squamulose lichens in the family Teloschistaceae. It has six species. It was circumscribed in 2013 by Ingvar Kärnefelt, Arne Thell, Jae-Seoun Hur, Sergey Kondratyuk, and John Elix following a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the Teloschistaceae. The generic name honours Australian lichenologist Rex Filson, "in recognition of his contribution to lichenology, in particular to the lichen flora of Australia".

Huneckia is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Caloplacoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species.

Alfred Mycolayovych Oxner was a Ukrainian botanist and lichenologist. His research covered various areas: floristics, taxonomy, phylogenetics, phytogeography, and phytosociology. Oxner founded the National Lichenological Herbarium of Ukraine.

Villophora is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has 9 species. The genus was circumscribed in 2013 by Ulrik Søchting, Ulf Arup, and Patrik Frödén. They assigned Villophora isidioclada as the type, and at that time, only species in the genus. This lichen, previously classified in Caloplaca, is found in South America, Antarctica, and some subantarctic islands. Several additional species were added to the genus in 2021. The generic name Villophora means "carrying filaments".

Neobrownliella is a genus of crustose lichens in the subfamily Teloschistoideae of the family Teloschistaceae. It has five species. The genus was circumscribed in 2015 by lichenologists Sergey Kondratyuk, Jack Elix, Ingvar Kärnefelt, and Arne Thell, with Neobrownliella brownlieae assigned as the type species. It is a segregate of the large genus Caloplaca. Characteristics of Neobrownliella include a thallus that is continuous or areolate, the presence of anthraquinones as lichen products, a cortical layer with a palisade paraplectenchyma, and the lack of a thick palisade cortical layer on the underside of the thalline exciple. Two species were included in the original circumscription of the genus; an additional three species were added in 2020.

<i>Golubkovia</i> Species of lichen

Golubkovia is a single-species genus in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains the species Golubkovia trachyphylla, a crustose lichen. The genus was circumscribed in 2014 by Sergey Kondratyuk, Ingvar Kärnefelt, John Elix, Arne Thell, and Jae-Seoun Hur. The generic name honours Russian lichenologist Nina Golubkova (1932–2009), who, according to the authors, "made important contributions to lichenology in northern Eurasia".

<i>Gallowayella hasseana</i> Species of lichen

Gallowayella hasseana, the poplar sunburst lichen, is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It occurs in North America.

Opeltiella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Candelariaceae. The genus, established by Sergey Kondratyuk in 2020, has four species. It is differentiated from the similar genus Candelaria by its unique features such as eight-spored asci and absence of a lower cortical layer and true rhizines. The genus is characterised by its areolate to more or less squamulose or foliose thallus and the unique chemical substances it contains, such as calycin, pulvinic and vulpinic acids, and pulvinic acid lactone.

Tassiloa is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has two species.

Teuvoahtiana is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It contains three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens, all of which occur in South America.

Elixjohnia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens that occur in Australasia.

<i>Rusavskia</i> Genus of lichens

Rusavskia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has 12 species. It is a member of the subfamily Xanthorioideae. The thallus of Rusavskia is characterized by its foliose (leaf-like) structure with distinct and typically narrow lobes that curve outwards.

<i>Opeltia</i> Genus of lichens

Opeltia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has four species of corticolous (bark-dwelling), crustose lichens.

<i>Erichansenia</i> Genus of lichens

Erichansenia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Teloschistaceae. It has three species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling), crustose lichens.

Rusavskia indochinensis is a species of saxicolous (rock-dwelling) lichen in the family Teloschistaceae. It occurs in India and China.

References

  1. 1 2 "Zeroviella". Catalogue of Life . Species 2000: Leiden, the Netherlands. Retrieved 19 September 2023.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Kondratyuk, S.Y.; Kim, J.A.; Yu, N.-H.; Jeong, M.-H.; Jang, S.H.; Kondratiuk, A.S.; Zarei-Darki, B.; Hur, J.-S. (2015). "Zeroviella, a new genus of xanthorioid lichens (Teloschistaceae, Ascomycetes) proved by three gene phylogeny" (PDF). Ukrainian Botanical Journal. 72 (6): 574–584. doi:10.15407/ukrbotj72.06.574.
  3. ↑ Habib, K.; Arshad, M.; Bano, A.; Khalid, A. N. (2021). "Polycoccum, Variospora, and Zeroviella, three new genera for Pakistan" (PDF). Acta Botanica Hungarica. 63 (3–4): 335–342. doi:10.1556/034.63.2021.3-4.6. S2CID   239514729.
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