| Zygaena carniolica | |
|---|---|
 | |
| In Bulgaria | |
Scientific classification  | |
| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Arthropoda |
| Class: | Insecta |
| Order: | Lepidoptera |
| Family: | Zygaenidae |
| Genus: | Zygaena |
| Species: | Z. carniolica |
| Binomial name | |
| Zygaena carniolica (Scopoli, 1763) | |
| Synonyms | |
List
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Zygaena carniolica, sometimes described as the crepuscular burnet or eastern burnet, is a member of the family Zygaenidae.
Subspecies include: [1] [2]
This species can be found in most of Europe, except Britain Isles and northern Scandinavia. [1] [2] It is also present from Asia Minor to Iran. [3]
It inhabits warm and dry areas, grasslands and limestone substrate, steppe slopes and dry pastures.
The wingspan is 30–35 mm. Forewings are bluish-black with six red spots surrounded by yellow. Hindwings have a red color with a black border. The outer spots are often in the shape of a crescent. The abdomen is black-blue, sometimes with a red belt. [4] The caterpillar is light green with a series of triangular black spots on the sides of the body. Pupae are black-brown, with a white or yellowish ovoid cocoon. [5]
This species is rather similar to Zygaena algira , Zygaena maroccana, Zygaena occitanica , Zygaena orana and Zygaena youngi.
Z. carniolica. It is hardly possible to give a general description of the colour and pattern of the 20 odd forms which are being united under this species. The antenna is strong, being enlarged to a stout club; collar and edge of thorax mostly with whitish hairs; legs black-blue, yellow beneath. Forewing metallic black-green, densely scaled, fringes light reddish yellow; 6 spots, the 6 halfmoon-shaped, parallel with the distal margin, its normal colour in exceptional specimens absent, but then always recognizable by the scaling having a different gloss. The species is distributed throughout Central and South Europe, as well as North Africa and Western Asia, extending to Turkestan and the Altai. "To enumerate all transitions and aberrations would fatigue even the most patient," says Ochsenheimer; we also shall therefore only characterize the forms which alone till now have received names. The name-typical form, carniolica Scop.(= onobrychis Schiff. & Den., caffer Esp. (8d) has white edged spots on forewing and a red abdominal belt. From Central Germany- southwards to the Mediterranean and eastwards to the Altai. — ab. flaveola Esp. (= luteola Boisd.) [Zygaena carniolica ssp. flaveola Esper, 1786 ] (8d) has the hindwing and the spots of the forewing straw-yellow instead of red. As a rarity everywhere among the normal form.especially often found in Austria. — ab. dichroma Hirshke has the red mixed with yellow. — In ab. grossi Hirshke [ now junior synonym of Z.carniolica Scopoli, 1763] the red is replaced by coffee-brown. — hedysari Hbn. (= astragali Hbn., onobrychis Boisd., meliloti Hbn., sedi Dup.) [Zygaena carniolica ssp. hedysari Hübner, 1796] (8e) has no red abdominal belt: the commonest form in Germany, but locally predominating also in Italy and other countries. — diniensis H.-Sch.[Zygaena carniolica ssp. diniensis Herrich-Schäffer, 1852] (8e) has a red belt; the spots of the forewing very large, fiery red, with very thin light borders. French Riviera. — In bohatschi Wagn.[ now junior synonym of
depicting a few subspecies]] Z. carniolica Scopoli, 1763] the spots of the forewing are confluent in pairs ; Liguria.— In ab. jurassica Blachier [ now Zygaena carniolica ssp. virginea Müller, 1766] the central spots are very large and connected with the red basal area by a costal streak, while the 6 spot remains isolated; found near Geneva in July and August. — ab. weileri Stgr. (= diniensis Oberth.) [ now Zygaena carniolica ssp. modesta Burgeff, 1914] . Here the proximal spots are merged to a large red patch which bears single red dots, only the 6 (lunate) spot remaining separate; in Germany, Austria and at the Riviera. — ab. ragonoti Gianelli (8f) [now Zygaena carniolica ssp. virginea Müller, 1766 ] from Turin, is only a modification of the form weileri ; the forewing is almost entirely red, but, besides the 6 spot being isolated, there are some more black markings in the basal area of the forewing than in weileri. — In the Tring Museum there is an aberration with entirely red wings, which may be named totirubra ab. nov. [now junior synonym of Zygaena carniolica Scopoli, 1763] (8f), since the corresponding forms of other species of Zygaena have received names. Found in Hungary.— In amoena Stgr. [now junior synonym of Zygaena carniolica Scopoli, 1763 ] (8ef), from Hungary and Lower Austria, the whitish edges of the spots of the forewing are so enlarged that the white almost entirely displaces the dark ground-colour, the hindwing being sometimes pale pink, as in the third specimen figured as (amoena on 8f.) — In berolinensis Stgr. [ Zygaena carniolica ssp. berolinensis Lederer, 1853 ] (8g), occurring singly everywhere among the normal form, but being especially typical at the Italian Riviera, the white margins of the spots of the forewing are completely absent and the abdomen is without belt. — As taurica Stgr.[ Zygaena carniolica ssp. taurica Staudinger, 1879 ] (8g) a Lydian form is known in which the proximal spots are broadly white-edged, while the 6 transverse, spot has almost disappeared. — In apenina Tur. (= wiskotti Calb.) [ now Z. carniolica ssp. hedysari Hübner, 1796 ] (8g), which flies not rarely near Genoa behind the Campo Santo among hedysari and berolinensis, the 6 transverse spot is completely absent or is only indicated as a dull shadow in the ground colour.- graeca Stgr. [ Z. carniolica ssp. graeca Staudinger, 1870] resembles a small carniolica of the name-typical form, and has like this insect a red belt, but the whitish yellow edges of the spots of the forewing are much thinner; from Greece.amasina Stgr. (8j) [Zygaena carniolica ssp. amasina Staudinger, 1879 ], from Asia Minor, closely resembles amoena but is beautifully bright-red instead of pink and has abundant traces of the black ground colour, which in amoena is almost entirely replaced by white.wiedemanni Men. [ Z. carniolica ssp. wiedemannii Ménétriés, 1839 ] (8h), from Anterior Asia, on the contrary has so much white on the forewing that this is the prevalent colour: moreover, the abdomen is vermilion except the base and tip.— albarracina Stgr. [ Z. carniolica ssp. albarracina Staudinger, 1887, from Andalusia, is a small form which approaches orana, but has less red on the abdomen.In transiens Stgr. [ Z. carniolica ssp. transiens Staudinger, 1887 ] the spot 6 which is edged with white in the previous forms, has become all white, the red centre disappearing, this form therefore approaching the occitanica group, which one has several times endeavoured to distinguish specifically from the carniolica-forms from Western Asia. [6]
It is a univoltine species. Adults are on wing from July to August. Adults feed on the nectar of flowers in the family Fabaceae. The larvae feed on Lotus , Anthyllis , Dorycnium and Onobrychis species. [7] They frequently rest large numbers on flowers. Pupation occurs in May–June. The caterpillars hibernate.
The ingrailed clay is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1775. It is distributed through most of Europe and the Palearctic.
Zygaena transalpina is a moth of the family Zygaenidae.
Zygaena is a genus of moths in the family Zygaenidae. These brightly coloured, day-flying moths are native to the West Palearctic.
Zygaena ephialtes is day-flying species of burnet moth found in Europe. It is typically found in xeric habitats, and populations have recently decreased. It also exhibits Müllerian mimicry with other species, like Amata phegea.
Zygaena lonicerae, the narrow-bordered five-spot burnet, is a moth of the family Zygaenidae. The species was first described by Theodor Gottlieb von Scheven in 1777.
Zygaena fraxini is a moth of the family Zygaenidae.It is a Palearctic confined to Western Asia.
Zygaena purpuralis, the transparent burnet, is a moth of the family Zygaenidae.
Zygaena occitanica, the Provence burnet, is a moth of the Zygaenidae family. It is found from the Algarve and southern Spain up to the eastern parts of the Cantabrian Mountains then to southern Russia and the Caucasus and east to the western fringe of Central Asia.
Zygaena sarpedon is a moth of the Zygaenidae family. It is found in France, Italy and on the Iberian Peninsula.
Zygaena brizae is a species of moth in the Zygaenidae family. It is found in France, Italy, Austria, the Czech Republic, Poland, Slovakia, Hungary, the Balkan Peninsula, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and Georgia.
Zygaena cynarae is a species of moth in the Zygaenidae family. It is found from France east to Russia.
Zygaena erythrus, common name sluggish burnet, is a species of moth in the family Zygaenidae.
Zygaena punctum is a species of moth in the family Zygaenidae. It is found in Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Austria, Slovenia, Italy, the Balkan Peninsula, Moldova, Ukraine, Russia and Turkey.
Zygaena anthyllidis is a species of moth in the Zygaenidae family. It is found in France and Spain.
Zygaena dorycnii is a species of moth in the family Zygaenidae. It is found in Ukraine, Russia, Turkey and Armenia.
Zygaena rhadamanthus is a species of moth in the Zygaenidae family. It is found in France, Spain, Portugal and Italy.
Haemerosia renalis is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It was described by Jacob Hübner in 1813. It is found in Spain, France, Italy, Sicily, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, Croatia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, North Macedonia and Greece. It has also been recorded from the Near East.
Zygaena magiana is a species of moth in the Zygaenidae family. It is found in Central Asia.
Zygaena felix is a species of moth in the Zygaenidae family. It is found in south Spain and the Atlas mountains. In Seitz it is described. — In felix Oberth., from Algiers and South-West Spain, the black spots are more or less confluent, the red ground-colour along the distal margin being sometimes separated as a sock-like halfmoon. The white edges are usually altogether absent, or there are only feeble vestiges of them — In ab. faustula Stgr.-Reb.[ now Z. felix ssp. constantinensis Reiss & Tremewan, 1964] on the contrary the black spots are distinctly edged with yellowish white. — Lastly, ab.mauretanica Stgr. [now Z. felix ssp. constantinensis Reiss & Tremewan, 1964] (8a) has a red belt. — The 3 forms tly exactly at the same time and the same places; I found them frequently united in copula. They are extremely common throughout June on nearly all the heights of the Atlas Mts., sometimes the one sometimes the other form being prevalent in the various flight-places.
Zygaena favonia is a species of moth in the Zygaenidae family. It is found in the Atlas mountains, .In Seitz it is described Z. favonia Frr. (4g). This form belongs to a group of North African Burnets the pattern of the forewings of which reminds one much of the preceding species [ Zygaena sarpedon, while the abdomen is red from the middle nearly to the tip, which gives the insect a characteristic aspect and renders it easy to recognize even when it flies quickly past. The whole of Mauretania, everywhere common — ab. vitrina Stgr. (4g) [ now Z. favonia ssp. valentini Bruand, 1846], which I found only at very limited localities, for instance near Constantine and at the cemetery-wall near Batna, is easily differentiated by the transparent wings. -ab. staudingeri Aust. (4f) [ now Z favonia Freyer, 1844] is similar, but has only a narrow abdominal belt, so that one might mistake the for a small loyselis, if it did not lack the red collar of the latter. — The insect described by Bruand as valentini [ now Z. favonia ssp. valentini Bruand, 1846], in which the red spots are enlarged, may possibly belong to an analogous favonia-form. — The finest form of this group is thevestis Stgr. [now Z. favonia ssp. thevestis Staudinger, 1887 (4f), in which there is a large lobate subapical patch. — All these varieties occur all over Mauretania, on hills, in dry beds of rivulets, and on waste ground. The commonest form is favonia, which is found in June on nearly all the thistles growing at the road-sides and in the fields. The females have an extraordinarily thick body, and apparently scarcely take to the wing before copulation.
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