Salivary gland hypoplasia

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Salivary gland hypoplasia is relative underdevelopment of the Salivary glands. [1] Salivary gland hypoplasia tends to produce xerostomia (dry mouth), with all the associated problems this brings. [1] [2]

Salivary gland exocrine gland that produces saliva

The salivary glands in mammals are exocrine glands that produce saliva through a system of ducts. Humans have three paired major salivary glands as well as hundreds of minor salivary glands. Salivary glands can be classified as serous, mucous or seromucous (mixed).

Xerostomia, also known as dry mouth, is dryness in the mouth, which may be associated with a change in the composition of saliva, or reduced salivary flow, or have no identifiable cause.

It is a rare condition, [2] which may occur as a congenital abnormality or result from lack of neuromuscular stimulation. [1]

It may be associated with Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome, [1] [2] and hereditary ectodermal dysplasia. [1]

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome rare neurological disorder characterized by recurring facial paralysis, swelling of the face and lips (usually the upper lip - cheilitis granulomatosis) and the development of folds and furrows in the tongue (fissured tongue)

Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome is a rare neurological disorder characterized by recurring facial paralysis, swelling of the face and lips and the development of folds and furrows in the tongue. Onset is in childhood or early adolescence. After recurrent attacks, swelling may persist and increase, eventually becoming permanent. The lip may become hard, cracked, and fissured with a reddish-brown discoloration. The cause of Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome is unknown, but there may be a genetic predisposition. It has been noted to be especially prevalent among certain ethnic groups in Bolivia. It can be symptomatic of Crohn's disease or sarcoidosis. Approximately 400 cases have been reported worldwide.

Ectodermal dysplasia human disease

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) is not a single disorder but a group of genetic syndromes all deriving from abnormalities of the ectodermal structures. More than 150 different syndromes have been identified.

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Submandibular gland

The paired submandibular glands are major salivary glands located beneath the floor of the mouth. They each weigh about 15 grams and contribute some 60–67% of unstimulated saliva secretion; on stimulation their contribution decreases in proportion as the parotid secretion rises to 50%.

Sublingual gland

The paired sublingual glands are major salivary glands in the mouth. They are the smallest, most diffuse, and the only unencapsulated major salivary glands. They provide only 3-5% of the total salivary volume. There are also two other types of salivary glands; they are submandibular and Parotid glands.

Parotitis parotid disease characterized by the inflammation of one or both parotid glands

Parotitis is an inflammation of one or both parotid glands, the major salivary glands located on either side of the face, in humans. The parotid gland is the salivary gland most commonly affected by inflammation.

Ranula human disease

A ranula is a mucus extravasation cyst involving a sublingual gland and is a type of mucocele found on the floor of the mouth. Ranulae present as a swelling of connective tissue consisting of collected mucin from a ruptured salivary gland caused by local trauma. If small and asymptomatic further treatment may not be needed, otherwise minor oral surgery may be indicated.

Oral medicine is a specialty focused on the mouth and nearby structures. It lies at the interface between medicine and dentistry.

Stafne defect

The Stafne defect is a depression of the mandible on the lingual surface. The Stafne defect is thought to be a normal anatomical variant, as the depression is created by ectopic salivary gland tissue associated with the submandibular gland and does not represent a pathologic lesion as such.

Salivary gland tumour human disease

Salivary gland tumours or neoplasms are tumours that form in the tissues of salivary glands. The salivary glands are classified as major or minor. The major salivary glands consist of the parotid, submandibular, and sublingual glands. The minor salivary glands consist of 800-1000 small mucus-secreting glands located throughout the lining of the oral cavity.

Salivary gland disease Human disease

Salivary gland diseases (SGD) are multiple and varied in cause.

Salivary gland aplasia is the congenital absence of salivary glands. Usually the term relates to the absence of some or all of the major salivary glands.

Salivary gland atresia is congenital blockage or absence of the orifice of a major salivary gland duct or part of the duct itself.

Ectopic salivary gland tissue which is located in sites other than the normal location is variously described as aberrant, accessory, ectopic, heterotopic or salivary gland choristoma.

Human immunodeficiency virus salivary gland disease, is swelling of the salivary glands and/or xerostomia in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Sialodochitis, is inflammation of the duct system of a salivary gland. This is compared to sialadenitis, which is inflammation of the gland parenchyma.

Ductal papilloma is a group of rare and benign papillary salivary gland tumors arising from the duct system:

Basal cell adenoma is a rare, low-grade benign salivary gland neoplasm.

Salivary microbiome

The Salivary microbiome is the nonpathogenic, commensal bacteria present in the healthy human salivary glands. It is distinct from bacteria that may cause infection in the glands. It differs from the oral microbiome which is located in the oral cavity. Oral microorganisms tend to adhere to teeth. The oral microbiome possesses its own characteristic microorganisms found there. Resident microbes of the mouth adhere to the teeth and gums. "[T]here may be important interactions between the saliva microbiome and other microbiomes in the human body, in particular, that of the intestinal tract."

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Purkait SK (1 June 2011). Essentials of Oral Pathology. JP Medical Ltd. pp. 199–200. ISBN   978-93-5025-214-7.
  2. 1 2 3 Pramod JR; Pramod J (25 February 2014). Textbook of Oral Medicine. JP Medical Ltd. p. 283. ISBN   978-93-5090-850-1.


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