| Bugkalot | |
|---|---|
| Region | Eastern Nueva Vizcaya and Western Quirino, Philippines |
| Ethnicity | Bugkalot |
Native speakers | (51,000 cited 1990 census) [1] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 | ilk |
| Glottolog | ilon1239 |
 Area where Bugkalot is spoken [1] | |
Bugkalot (also Ilongot) is a language of the indigenous Bugkalot people of northern Luzon, Philippines.
Ethnologue lists the following provinces in which Ilongot is spoken.
Ethnologue lists the following dialects.
Alternate names include Bugkalut, Bukalot, and Lingotes.
Cagayan Valley, designated as Region II, is an administrative region in the Philippines, located in the northeastern section of Luzon Island. It is composed of five Philippine provinces: Batanes, Cagayan, Isabela, Nueva Vizcaya, and Quirino. The region hosts four chartered cities of Cauayan, Ilagan, Santiago, and Tuguegarao.
Nueva Vizcaya, officially the Province of Nueva Vizcaya is a landlocked province in the Philippines located in the Cagayan Valley region in Luzon. Its capital is Bayombong. It is bordered by Benguet to the west, Ifugao to the north, Isabela to the northeast, Quirino to the east, Aurora to the southeast, Nueva Ecija to the south, and Pangasinan to the southwest. Quirino province was created from Nueva Vizcaya in 1966.
Bagabag, officially the Municipality of Bagabag, is a 2nd class municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 35,501 people.
San Agustin, officially the Municipality of San Agustin, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Isabela, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 22,880 people.
Alfonso Castañeda, officially the Municipality of Alfonso Castañeda, is a 1st class municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 7,940 people.
Kasibu, officially the Municipality of Kasibu, is a 3rd class municipality in the province of Nueva Vizcaya, Philippines. According to the 2015 census, it has a population of 37,705 people.
The Bugkalot are a tribe inhabiting the southern Sierra Madre and Caraballo Mountains, on the east side of Luzon in the Philippines, primarily in the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and Nueva Ecija and along the mountain border between the provinces of Quirino and Aurora. They are also commonly referred to as "Ilongot", especially in older studies, but nowadays, the endonym Bugkalot is preferred in modern ethnic research. They were formerly headhunters.
Isnag is a language spoken by around 40,000 Isnag people of Apayao Province in the Cordillera Administrative Region in the northern Philippines. Around 85% of Isnag are capable of reading the Isnag language. Many Isnag speakers also speak Ilocano.
The Gaddang language is spoken by up to 30,000 speakers in the Philippines, particularly along the Magat and upper Cagayan rivers in the Region II provinces of Nueva Vizcaya and Isabela and by overseas migrants to countries in Asia, Australia, Canada, Europe, in the Middle East, United Kingdom and the United States. Most Gaddang speakers also speak Ilocano, the lingua franca of Northern Luzon, as well as Tagalog and English. Gaddang is associated with the "Christianized Gaddang" people, and is closely related to the highland tongues of Ga'dang with 6,000 speakers, Cagayan Agta with less than 1,000 and Atta with 2,000, and more distantly to Ibanag, Itawis, Yogad, Isneg and Malaweg.
The pasiking is the indigenous basket-backpack found among the various ethno-linguistic groups of Northern Luzon in the Philippines. Pasiking designs have sacred allusions, although most are purely aesthetic. These artifacts, whether handwoven traditionally or with contemporary variations, are considered exemplars of functional basketry in the Philippines and among Filipinos.
Bajaw is the language of the Bajaw, widely known as the 'sea gypsies' of Maritime Southeast Asia. Differences exist between the language's varieties in western Sabah, Mapun in southern Philippines, eastern Sabah, and across Sulawesi to Maluku. However, it is not clear how many languages these would be based on mutual intelligibility.
Arta is a highly endangered Negrito language of the northern Philippines.
Malaweg (Malaueg) is spoken by the Malaweg people in the northern part of the Philippines. As per Ethnologue, it is a dialect of the Itawis language.
Mount Bintuod is a mountain in the Sierra Madre range in the municipality of Alfonso Castañeda in Nueva Vizcaya province. It is probably the highest peak in the Philippines longest mountain range with a first GPS-based measurement of 1,915 metres (6,283 ft) above sea level, from an expedition in April 2012. There are no records of the first ascent, but local tribe people have long established paths.
Atta is an Austronesian dialect cluster spoken by the Aeta (Agta) Negritos of the northern Philippines.
Northern Alta is a distinctive Aeta language of the mountains of northern Philippines. It is not close to Southern Alta or to other languages of Luzon.
Central Cagayan Agta, also known as Labin Agta, is an Aeta language of northern Cagayan Province, Philippines. It is spoken by the Aeta Negritos in inland areas located to the east and northeast of Baggao (Ethnologue).
The Casecnan Protected Landscape is a protected area in the Casecnan River watershed of eastern Luzon in the Philippines. It has a total area of 88,846.80 hectares straddling the provinces of Nueva Vizcaya, Quirino and Aurora. The 57,930-hectare (143,100-acre) Casecnan River Watershed Forest Reserve was established in August 1987 by virtue of Executive Order No. 136 issued by President Corazon Aquino. In April 2000, the forest reserve was enlarged to 88,846.80 hectares and was reclassified as a protected landscape area through Proclamation No. 289. It is considered as one of the last remaining substantial water source for the region of Central Luzon.
The Sama language, Sinama, is the language of Sama-Bajau people of the Sulu Archipelago, Philippines; Sabah, Malaysia and parts of Indonesia. The Sama are one of the most widely dispersed peoples in Southeast Asia.
The Sierra Madre is the longest mountain range in the Philippines. Spanning over 540 kilometers (340 mi), it runs from the province of Cagayan down to the province of Quezon, forming a north–south direction on the eastern portion of Luzon, the largest island of the archipelago. It is bordered by the Pacific Ocean to the east, Cagayan Valley to the northwest, Central Luzon to the midwest, and Calabarzon to the southwest. Some communities east of the mountain range, along the coast, are less developed and so remote that they could only be accessed by taking a plane or a boat.
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