| Papal election 1216 | |
|---|---|
| Dates and location | |
| 18 July 1216 Perugia | |
| Key officials | |
| Dean | Nicola de Romanis |
| Camerlengo | Stefano di Ceccano |
| Protopriest | Cinzio Cenci |
| Protodeacon | Guido Pierleone |
| Elected pope | |
| Cencio Name taken: Honorius III | |
 | |
The 1216 papal election (18 July), was convoked after the death of Pope Innocent III in Perugia (16 July 1216), elected Cardinal Cencio Camerario, [1] who took the name of Honorius III.
There were 25 cardinals in the College of Cardinals in July 1216, including 23 curial cardinals and two "external cardinals", who did not reside in the papal curia [2] It is known that 17 of them participated in the election: [3]
Eight cardinals, including six curial and two "external cardinals", were absent:
| Elector | Cardinalatial title | Elevated | Elevator | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Benedetto | Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina | 3 June 1200 | Innocent III | |
| Ruggiero di San Severino | Cardinal Priest of S. Eusebio | ca. 1178/80 | Alexander III | Archbishop of Benevento 1179-1221 ("external" cardinal) |
| Leone Brancaleone, C.R.S.F. | Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme | 3 June 1200 | Innocent III | Papal legate in Lombardy |
| Guala Bicchieri | Priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino ai Monti | 18 December 1204 | Innocent III | Papal legate in England |
| Stephen Langton | S.R.E. cardinalis | 27 May 1206 | Innocent III | Archbishop of Canterbury 1207-1228; resigned this titulus S,. Crisogono after episcopal consecration in 1207; "external" cardinal |
| Pietro Sasso | Priest of S. Pudenziana | 27 May 1206 | Innocent III | Archpriest of the patriarchal Liberian Basilica; papal legate in Germany |
| Bertrannus | Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro | 19 May 1212 | Innocent III | |
| Rainiero Capocci, O.Cist. | Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin | 5 March 1216 | Innocent III | Papal legate in Lombardy |
The cardinals assembled in Perugia two days after the death of Innocent III. They deliberated in the enclosure, [5] though it is not certain whether voluntarily or under pressure of the local authorities. [6] They decided to elect the new Pope by compromissum, it means, not by the whole Sacred College, but by the committee of few of them, empowered by the rest to appoint the new Pontiff. This time the committee included only two cardinal-bishops: Ugolino of Ostia and Guido of Palestrina. [7] On that same day, they elected Cardinal Cencio, called Camerario, aged 68, who accepted his election and took the name of Honorius III.
Pope Honorius III, born Cencio Savelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 18 July 1216 to his death. A canon at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, he came to hold a number of important administrative positions, including that of Camerlengo. In 1197, he became tutor to the young Frederick II. As pope, he worked to promote the Fifth Crusade, which had been planned under his predecessor, Innocent III. Honorius repeatedly exhorted King Andrew II of Hungary and Emperor Frederick II to fulfill their vows to participate. He also gave approval to the recently formed Dominican and Franciscan religious orders.
Niccolò de Romanis was an Italian cardinal and Papal legate. He was Bishop of Frascati from either 1204 or 1205 and Grand penitentiary. He was closely associated with Pope Honorius III as administrator and diplomat. Dean of the College of Cardinals from 1211.
The House of Savelli were a rich and influential Roman aristocratic family who rose to prominence in the 13th century, and which included several popes, senators and condottieri. They dominated the city in rivalry with the first generation of great Roman families, the Colonna, the Orsini, the Caetani and the Annibaldi, later being overshadowed by the emergence of the second generation represented by the Chigi, Borghese, Barberini, Doria Pamphili and Sforza Cesarini families.
Pelagio Galvani was a Leonese cardinal, and canon lawyer. He became a papal legate and leader of the Fifth Crusade.
Peter of Benevento was an Italian canon lawyer, papal legate and cardinal.
The 1268–71 papal election, following the death of Pope Clement IV, was the longest papal election in the history of the Catholic Church. This was due primarily to political infighting between the cardinals. The election of Teobaldo Visconti as Pope Gregory X was the first example of a papal election by "compromise", that is, by the appointment of a committee of six cardinals agreed to by the other remaining ten. The election occurred more than a year after the magistrates of Viterbo locked the cardinals in, reduced their rations to bread and water, and removed the roof of the Palazzo dei Papi di Viterbo where the election took place.
Ubaldo Caccianemici was an Italian cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Lucius II, his cousin who elevated him in May or June 1144.
Gerardo Allucingoli was an Italian cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Lucius III, who elevated him in 1182.
Ottaviano dei Conti di Segni was an Italian cardinal and cardinal-nephew of Pope Innocent III, his cousin who elevated him probably in May 1206. He was canon of the Vatican Basilica, Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church and protodeacon of the Sacred College of Cardinals.
The September 1276 papal election is the only papal election to be the third election held in the same year; after Pope Gregory X died, two successors died that year, requiring yet another election. The election was also the first non-conclave, since the establishment of the papal conclave after the papal election, 1268–1271.
Pietro Gallocia or Galluzzi was a Roman cardinal.
Adelardo Cattaneo was an Italian cardinal and bishop. His first name is also listed as Alardo.
The 1227 papal election, was convoked after the death of Pope Honorius III on 18 March 1227 at Rome.
The 1198 papal election was convoked after the death of Pope Celestine III; it ended with the election of Cardinal Lotario dei Conti di Segni, who took the name Innocent III. In this election for the first time the new pope was elected per scrutinium.
Bobo of San Teodoro was an Italian cardinal.
The papal conclave held from 13 to 20 December 1334 elected Jacques Fournier to succeed John XXII as pope. Fournier took the name Benedict XII.
Pope Lucius III created fifteen new cardinals.
The 1264–65 papal election was convened after the death of Pope Urban IV and ended by electing his successor Pope Clement IV. It met in Perugia, where Urban IV had taken refuge after being driven out of Orvieto. He had never been in Rome as Pope, but spent his entire reign in exile. It was the second election in a row where a pope was elected in absentia; the phenomenon would be repeated in the Conclave of 1268–1271, and again in the Conclave of 1292–1294. In the last two cases, the person elected was not even a Cardinal.
