1154 papal election

Last updated
Papal election
1154
Dates and location
4 December 1154
Old St. Peter's Basilica, Rome
Key officials
Dean Imar of Tusculum
Protopriest Guido Florentinus
Protodeacon Odone Bonecase
Elected pope
Nicholas Breakspear
Name taken: Adrian IV
Adrian IV, servus servorum dei (cropped).png
←  1153
1159  →
Old St. Peter's Basilica, site of the 1154 conclave Vatican - basilique - Vue d'ensemble de l'antique basilique vaticane basilica.jpg
Old St. Peter's Basilica, site of the 1154 conclave

The 1154 papal election followed the death of Pope Anastasius IV and resulted in the election of Pope Adrian IV, the only Englishman to become pope.

Contents

Election of Adrian IV

Pope Anastasius IV died on 3 December 1154 in Rome, at a very advanced age. The College of Cardinals assembled in Old St. Peter's Basilica on the next day to elect his successor. On 4 December 1154 the cardinals unanimously elected Cardinal-Bishop of Albano Nicholas Breakspeare, former legate in Scandinavia (1152–1153). [1] He took the name Adrian IV and was crowned on 5 December 1154 in the Vatican Basilica. He is the only English pope in history. [2]

Cardinal-electors

There were probably 30 cardinals in the Sacred College of Cardinals at the beginning of December 1154, [3] but it seems that no more than 25 (perhaps even fewer) participated in the election:

ElectorCardinalatial TitleElevatedElevatorNotes
Imar, O.S.B.Cluny Bishop of Tusculum 13 March 1142Innocent II Dean of the Sacred College of Cardinals
Guarino Foscari, Can.Reg. Bishop of Palestrina 22 December 1144Lucius II Cardinal-nephew
Nicholas Breakspeare, Can.Reg. Bishop of Albano 16 December 1149Eugenius IIIElected Pope Adrian IV
Hugo, O.Cist. Bishop of Ostia e Velletri 21 December 1151Eugenius III
Gregorio della Suburra Bishop of Sabina 1 March 1140Innocent II
Cencio de Gregorio Bishop of Porto e Santa Rufina 2 March 1151Eugenius III
Guido Florentinus Priest of S. Crisogono1139Innocent II Protopriest
Ubaldo Allucingoli Priest of S. Prassede16 December 1138Innocent IIFuture Pope Lucius III (1181-1185)
Ottaviano de Monticelli Priest of S. Cecilia25 February 1138Innocent IIFuture Antipope Victor IV (1159-1164)
ManfredoPriest of S. Sabina17 December 1143Celestine II
AribertoPriest of S. Anastasia17 December 1143Celestine II
Astaldo degli Astalli Priest of S. Prisca17 December 1143Celestine II
GiulioPriest of S. Marcello19 May 1144Lucius II
Ubaldo Caccianemici, Can.Reg.Priest of S. Croce in Gerusalemme19 May 1144Lucius II Cardinal-nephew
Guido Puella Priest of S. Pudenziana22 December 1144Lucius II
Bernard, Can.Reg.Priest of S. Clemente22 December 1144Lucius IIArchpriest of the Vatican Basilica
Rolando Priest of S. Marco and Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church 22 September 1150Eugenius IIIFuture Pope Alexander III (1159-1181)
GerardPriest of S. Stefano al Monte Celio2 March 1151Eugenius III
Giovanni da Sutri Priest of SS. Giovanni e Paolo21 February 1152Eugenius IIIRector of Campagna
Enrico da Pisa, O.Cist.Priest of SS. Nereo ed Achilleo21 February 1152Eugenius III
Giovanni Morrone Priest of SS. Silvestro e Martino23 May 1152Eugenius III
RodolfoDeacon of S. Lucia in Septisolio17 December 1143Celestine II
Guido di Crema Deacon of S. Maria in Portico21 September 1145Eugenius IIIFuture Antipope Paschal III (1164-1168)
Giovanni Gaderisio, Can.Reg.Deacon of SS. Sergio e Bacco22 September 1150Eugenius III
Ottone da Brescia Deacon of S. Nicola in Carcere21 February 1152Eugenius III

Five electors were created by Pope Innocent II, four by Pope Celestine II, five by Pope Lucius II, eleven by Pope Eugenius III.

Absentees

At least five cardinals did not participate in this election. Cardinal Giacinto Bobone is known to have been in Spain at that time; he served there as papal legate from the spring of 1154 until the end of 1155. [4] Cardinal Odone Bonecase was employed as legate in France in 1154/55. [5] Gerard de Namur was legate in Germany, [6] while Ildebrando in Lombardy. [7] Abbot Rainaldo of Montecassino was not a resident of Roman Curia: [8]

ElectorCardinalatial TitleElevatedElevatorNotes
Rainaldo di Collemezzo, O.S.B.Cas.Priest of SS. Marcellino e Pietroca.1139-1141Innocent II Abbot of Montecassino (external cardinal)
Odone Bonecase Deacon of S. Giorgio in Velabro4 March 1132Innocent II Protodeacon; papal legate in France
Giacinto Bobone Deacon of S. Maria in Cosmedin22 December 1144Lucius IIPapal legate in Spain; future Pope Celestine III (1191–98)
Gerard de Namur Deacon of S. Maria in Via Lata21 February 1152Eugenius IIIPapal legate in Germany
Ildebrando Grassi, Can.Reg.Deacon of S. Eustachio24 May 1152Eugenius IIIAdministrator of the see of Modena; Papal legate in Lombardy

Notes

  1. ↑ Robinson, p. 78
  2. ↑ S. Miranda, Pope Adrian IV
  3. ↑ Reconstruction based on Brixius, p. 23, with the following corrections based on Zenker, p. 48-52, 79-82, 104-106:
    • cardinal-priest Gregorio of S. Maria in Trastevere and cardinal-bishop Gregorio of Sabina are actually one and the same person (Zenker, p. 48-52),
    • cardinal-priests Giovanni Paparoni of S. Lorenzo in Damaso and Jordan of S. Susanna are excluded because they both appear to have died before the death of Anastasius IV (Zenker, p. 79-82, 104-106).
  4. ↑ Robinson, p. 147; Zenker, p. 163; for the exact date of his appointment as legate see Jaffé, p. 656 no. 6792
  5. ↑ Edmund Ernst, Hermann Stengel (ed.), Archiv für Diplomatik: Schriftgeschichte, Siegel- und Wappenkunde, Böhlau-Verlag., 1987, p. 260; Zenker, p. 159.
  6. ↑ K. Maleczyński, Studia nad dokumentem polskim, Wrocław 1971, p. 233; Zenker, p. 179
  7. ↑ Zenker, p. 108
  8. ↑ Klaus Ganzer, Die Entwicklung des auswärtigen Kardinalats im hohen Mittelalter, Tübingen 1963, p. 97.

Sources

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