The city of Albano, located at the fifteenth milestone from Rome on the Via Appia Antiqua, and two miles from the ancient Alba Longa. A villa of Pompey the Great and a villa of the Emperor Domitian were located in the area.[1] had an amphitheater by the second half of the first century A.D.[2] In 197, the Emperor Septimius Severus created the Legio II Parthica, whose headquarters was at the Castra Albana, until they were disbanded by the Emperor Constantine (306–337).[3]
According to the Liber Pontificalis[4] the Emperor Constantine I provided the city with a new basilica, that of Saint John the Baptist:
fecit basilicam Augustus Constantinus in civitate Albanensis, videlicet S. Joannis Baptistae.
He also presented the church with various vessels of silver and silver gilt, and endowed the church with a number of local properties, including the farm of Mola (a mile west of the town), possession of the lake of Albano, the Massa Mucii, all the abandoned houses in Albano, possession of gardens, and other properties.[5]
This Constantinian basilica was destroyed by fire toward the end of the 8th century, or at the beginning of the 9th, along with the bishop's residence.[6] Ferdinando Franconi has established[7] the identity of this basilica with the present Albano Cathedral, which still contains some remains of the edifice dedicated by Pope Leo III to Saint Pancras. The cathedral was restored in 1563, and again at the beginning of the 19th century.[8] Under the basilica there was a crypt, or confessio, from which bodies were transferred to the cemetery nearby. The cathedral is administered by a Chapter consisting of two dignities, the Archpriest and the Archdeacon, and eight Canons.[9]
The foundation of the episcopal see of Albano may be contemporaneous with the erection of the Constantinian basilica. It is alleged[by whom?] that the first known bishop of the see is Dionysius (d. 355).[10] Bishop Ursinus is found on an inscription in the Catacomb of Domitilla; the consular date is either 345 or 395. In 463, sources attest to a bishop of Albano named Romanus.
Catacombs
The importance of this early Christian community is apparent from its cemetery, discovered in 1720 by Giovanni Marangoni.[citation needed] It differs but little from the Christian cemeteries found in Rome. Its plan, clearly mapped out in the Epitome de locis ss. martyrum quae sunt foris civitatis Romae, is considered by Giovanni Battista de Rossi[citation needed] as the synopsis of an ancient description of the cemeteries, written before the end of the 6th century:
per eandem vere viam (Appiam) pervenitur ad Albanam civitatem et per eandem civitatem ad ecclesiam S. Senatoris ubi et Perpetua jacet corpore et innumeri sancti et magna mirabilia ibidem geruntur.
Saint Senator of Albano[11] is inserted in the martyrology for 26 September (et in Albano Senatoris), without further specification. From this he passed to the Roman martyrology, where he is commemorated on the same day. But the first account of the martyrs of Albano is found in the Almanac of Philocalus (4th century) on 8 August:
VI Idus aug. Carpophori, Victorini et Severiani, Albano, et Ostense septimo ballistaria, Cyriaci, Largi, Crescentiani, Memmiae, Julianae, et Smaragdi.
The cemetery has frescoes, painted at various times by unknown artists, which show the various expressions of Christian funerary art from the fourth to the 9th century.
This section needs expansionwith: material after the 6th century. You can help by adding to it. (October 2016)
In the mid-19th century, the diocese of Albano contained only about 8,000 persons. It included ten castelli: Sabello, Riccia, Genzano, Cività-Lavinia, Nemi, Marino, Castelgandolfo, Pratica, Ardea, and Nettuno.[13] At the end of the century, it contained about 44,000 inhabitants, served by 60 secular priests and 124 priests of religious orders, and there were twelve parishes. The diocese had 67 churches, chapels, or oratories.[14] There were three collegiate churches, with colleges of Canons, at Ariccia, Civita-Lavinia, and Nemi.[15]
By the beginning of the 20th century, it had become apparent to the papacy that the suburbicarian bishops had become overburdened with the responsibilities of their curial and diocesan duties. The increase in commerce, in roads and travel, and the migration of people to the city,[16] as well as the increased burden of duties in the papal administration because of the mass and complexity of problems affecting the Church,[17] made some sort of relief necessary. On his own initiative, therefore, Pope Pius X issued a decree, Apostolicae Romanorum Pontificium, granting the bishops of Ostia, Porto, Albano, Palestrina, and Frascati each a suffragan bishop to carry the burden of their pastoral duties in their dioceses. The pope appointed the suffragans, who had full powers inside the diocese, subject to the cardinal's approval, but not the power to ordain or consecrate, or the right to have a throne or display their coat-of-arms.[18] Further details were added by Pope John XXIII in his apostolic letter, Suburbicariis sedibus, defining the suffragan bishop as "Episcopus Ordinarius", with the same powers as other residential bishops, and enumerating the privileges of the cardinal bishop.[19]
In 1914, Pius X took steps to regulate the irregularities in the incomes of the six cardinal suburbicarian bishops. On his own initiative, after consulting with the curial cardinals and with their agreement, he issued the decree Edita a Nobis, in which he ordered that in the future the incomes of the cardinal bishops should be placed in a single fund, administered by the Office of Economic Affairs, to which each cardinal must render an annual account. Each year, after 6,000 Lire was to be given to each suffragan bishop, the remaining money collected was to be divided into equal portions, the bishop of Ostia to receive two portions, and each of the other bishops one portion. The decree also ordered that the bishop of Ostia, when promoted to that position, should also retain his previous bishopric; the diocese of Velitrae was to be removed from his jurisdiction, and from that point the suburbicarin bishops would be: Ostiensis, Portuensis et Sanctae Rufinae, Albanensis, Praenestina, Sabinensis, Tusculana, Veliterna.[20]
In the Catholic Church, a titular church is a church in Rome that is assigned to a member of the clergy who is created a cardinal. These are Catholic churches in the city, within the jurisdiction of the Diocese of Rome, that serve as honorary designations symbolising the relationship of cardinals to the pope, the bishop of Rome. According to the 1983 Code of Canon Law, a cardinal may assist his titular church through counsel or through patronage, although "he has no power of governance over it, and he should not for any reason interfere in matters concerning the administration of its good, or its discipline, or the service of the church".
The Archdiocese of Ancona–Osimo is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory and metropolitan see of the Catholic Church in the Marche region of Italy.
San Giorgio in Velabro is a Catholic church dedicated to St. George on Via del Velabro in the historic center of Rome in the Velabrum and the Ripa district. The church—the result of the 9th century expansion of a previous diaconal building and subsequent remodeling—stands near the Arch of Janus in the small square of the Cloaca Maxima. The location of S. Giorgio is not far from the place where the founding legend of Rome places the discovery of the twins Romulus and Remus by the she-wolf. The façade of the church encroaches upon and incorporates the Arcus Argentariorum, which was completed in 204 AD.
The Roman Catholic Suburbicarian Diocese of Ostia is an ecclesiastical territory located within the Metropolitan City of Rome in Italy. It is one of the seven suburbicarian dioceses. The incumbent Bishop is cardinal Giovanni Battista Re. Since 1150, its bishop has been the Dean of the College of Cardinals. Its Cathedral is Basilica di Sant'Aurea.
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Ferentino existed until 1986, when it was united into the new diocese of Frosinone-Veroli-Ferentino.
The Diocese of Rieti is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. It is immediately exempt to the Holy See. Its cathedra is in St. Mary Cathedral in the episcopal see of Rieti.
The Suburbicarian Diocese of Palestrina is a Latin suburbicarian diocese centered on the comune of Palestrina in Italy.
The Diocese of Porto–Santa Rufina is a Latin suburbicarian diocese of the Diocese of Rome and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy. It was formed from the union of two dioceses. The diocese of Santa Rufina was also formerly known as Silva Candida.
The Diocese of Frascati is a Latin suburbicarian see of the Diocese of Rome and a diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy, based at Frascati, near Rome. The bishop of Frascati is a Cardinal Bishop; from the Latin name of the area, the bishop has also been called Bishop of Tusculum. Tusculum was destroyed in 1191. The bishopric moved from Tusculum to Frascati, a nearby town which is first mentioned in the pontificate of Pope Leo IV. Until 1962, the Cardinal-Bishop was concurrently the diocesan bishop of the see. Pope John XXIII removed the Cardinal Bishops from any actual responsibility in their suburbicarian dioceses and made the title purely honorific.
The Suburbicarian Diocese of Velletri–Segni is one of the Latin suburbicarian dioceses, Catholic dioceses in Italy close to Rome with a special status and a cardinal bishop, the bishop of Velletri–Segni. Historically, the see of Velletri was combined with the see of Ostia from 1060 to 1914.
The Diocese of Viterbo is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in central Italy. From the 12th century, the official name of the diocese was the Diocese of Viterbo e Tuscania. In 1986, several dioceses were combined, and the title was changed to "Diocese of Viterbo, Acquapendente, Bagnoregio, Montefiascone, Tuscania and San Martino al Monte Cimino"; in 1991 the name was shortened to "Diocese of Viterbo".
The Diocese of Tivoli is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Latium, Italy, which has existed since the 2nd century. In 2002 territory was added to it from the Territorial Abbey of Subiaco. The diocese is immediately exempt to the Holy See.
The Diocese of Fano-Fossombrone-Cagli-Pergola is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Italy, created in 1986, when the historical Diocese of Fano was united to the Diocese of Cagli e Pergola and the Diocese of Fossombrone. It is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Pesaro.
The Diocese of Treviso is Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in the Veneto, Italy. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Patriarchate of Venice.
The Diocese of Pozzuoli is a Latin diocese of the Catholic Church in Campania, southern Italy. It is a suffragan of the Metropolitan Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Naples, like its other neighboring dioceses, Aversa and Ischia.
The Diocese of Anagni-Alatri is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Lazio, Italy. It has existed in its current form since 1986. In that year the Diocese of Alatri was united to the historical Diocese of Anagni. The diocese is immediately exempt to the Holy See.
The Diocese of Civitavecchia-Tarquinia is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church in Lazio, Italy. It was established under this name in 1986. The diocese is immediately exempt to the Holy See and not part of an ecclesiastical province.
John of Crema was an Italian papal legate and cardinal. He was a close supporter of Pope Callistus II.
Saxo de Anagnia was a Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of S. Stefano al Monte Celio in Rome. He was a native of Anagni, and a member of the family of the Conti di Anagni. Dumas points out that there is no positive evidence of the family connection.
Joannes was a 12th century Roman Catholic Cardinal, and Cardinal-priest of the titulus of Santa Cecilia in Trastevere in Rome. Alfonso Chacón writes that he was a member of the Capizucchi family, but he was deceived by the forgeries of Alfonso Ceccarelli, a contemporary acquaintance. In fact, according to Agostino Paravicini Bagliani, in the 11th and 12th centuries the Capizucchi family had no cardinals.
↑ Juvenal, Satires IV, 99. Cassius Dio Cocceianus, History of Rome, LXVI, iii. The Acilius Glabrio, who was compelled to fight a bear, is later included in a Christian group of the Flavian family as a molitor rerum novarum: Suetonius, "Life of Domitian", 10.
↑ Graham Webster, The Roman Imperial Army, third edition Totowa: Barnes & Noble Books 1985), p. 94.
↑ Liber Pontificalis, " Vita Leonis III"; in Louis Duchesne, Le Liber Pontificalis, Tome II (Paris: Thorin 1892), p. 32: "Episcopium vero m Albanense simul cum ecclesia quae in nomine beati Pancratii fundata est per quandam neglegentiam vel incuriam, per submissiones diabolicas1 post matutinis laudibus exusto a fundamentis usque ad summum tegnum combustum est."
↑ Cappelletti I, p. 658, who "sostenne vigorosamente contro gli Ariani la difesa del santo patriarca Atanasio." This is a mistake. Dionysius was Bishop of Milan, not Albano: C. J. Hefele, A History of the Councils of the Church (tr. H. N. Oxenham) Vol. II (Edinburgh: T. & T. Clark 1876), pp. 206-209.
↑ "hodie, multiplicatis commerciis, expeditioribus itineribus, auctoque proinde numero confluentium hominum, in quotidianum vocantur Fidei morumque discrimen."
↑ "Cardinalibus in Urbe negotia adeo sunt multiplicata, ut eorum paene mole obruantur, praesertim ob tot tantasque quibus Ecclesia nunc premitur necessitates... ingravescente praesertim aetate, tempus et vires interdum non sufficiant."
↑ The bishops of Sabina and Velletri already had suffragan bishops. Acta Apostolicae Sedis (Citta del Vaticano 1910), pp. 277-281.
↑ Acta Apostolicae Sedis 54 (Citta del Vaticano 1962), pp. 253-256.
↑ Acta Apostolicae Sedis 6 (Citta del Vaticano 1914), pp. 219-220.
↑ Orazio Marucci, "Di alcune inscrizioni recentemente trovate o ricomposte, nella basilica di S. Petronilla e dei SS. Nereo ed Achilleo sulla Via Ardeatina," in: Nuovo bullettino di archeologia cristiana 5 (Roma: Spithöver 1899), pp. 24-26. Fraikin, p. 1373.
↑ Bishop Romanus was present at the Roman synod held by Pope Hilarius on 19 November 465. Lanzoni, p. 120, no. 1. Cappelletti I, p. 658.
↑ Bishop Athanasius was present at the Lateran synod held by Pope Felix III on 13 March 487. Lanzoni, p. 120, no. 2. Cappelletti I, p. 658.
↑ Bishop Chrysogonua subscribed the acts of the Roman synods of 501, 502, and 504. Lanzoni, p. 120, no. 3. Fraikin, p. 1374.
↑ Gams, p. XXII, column 1. Cappelletti I, p. 658.Lanzoni, p. 120, no. 4.
↑ Bishop Epiphanius signed the acts of the Lateran synod held by Pope Martin I in October 649. Cappelletti I, p. 658. J.D. Mansi (ed), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus X (Florence: A. Zatta 1764), p. 866.
↑ Bishop Juvenalis signed the synodal letter of the Roman synod of 680, sent by Pope Agatho to the Third Council of Constantinople, which was read in the third plenary session. J.-D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XI (Florence: A. Zatta 1764), p. 773.
↑ Bishop Andreas attended the Roman synod of Pope Gregory II on 5 April 721. Cappelletti I, p. 658. J.-D. Mansi (ed.), Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, editio novissima, Tomus XII (Florence: A. Zatta 1764), pp. 262, 265.
↑ Bishop Eustratius was one of the three cardinal bishops who consecrated the antipope Constantinus II on 5 July 767. Philipp Jaffé (second edition S. Loewenfeld), Regesta pontificum Romanorum I (Leipzig 1885), p. 283. Gams, p. XXII.
↑ Gams, p. XXII. Cappelletti I, p. 659 (on the authority of Cesare Baronio, Annales Ecclesistici).
↑ Tedaldus is known only from a bull of 1044. and Hüls, p. 88.
↑ Some sources mention cardinal Basilius ca.1072/73, e.g. Lorenzo Cardella, Memorie storiche de' Cardinali della Santa Romana Chiesa, vol. 1 (Roma:Pagliarini 1792). p. 147; Cappelletti I, p. 660; Gams, p. XXII; Salvador Miranda, The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Biographical Dictionary, "Basilios"; retrieved: 16 December 2021; However, his existence has not been ascertained (cf. Klewitz, p. 116 note 1). Hüls, pp, 89-90, passes over him in silence. His name is not in the subscription lists of Philipp Jaffé, Regesta pontificum Romanorum, Vol. I.
↑ Petrus was a monk of Vallombrosa, a follower of Pope Gregory VII during the schism. Hüls, pp. 90-91.
↑ Theodoricus was an adherent of antipope Clement III, who resided in Albano from July 1099 until he retired to Castello, where he died in September 1100. Theodoricus was elected his successor in the same month, but was captured and imprisoned before the end of the year. Jaffé, p. 772.
↑ Some sources, e.g Cardella, vol. 1, p. 211; Miranda, "Anastasio"; retrieved: 16 December 2021; mention cardinal Anastasio ca. 1114 but Klewitz, p. 120 no. 7 has proven that this resulted from a confusion. In Alfonso Chacón (Ciaconius) (1677), Agostino Olduin (ed.), Vitae et res gestae pontificum romanorum: et S.R.E. cardinalium(in Latin). Vol. I (secunda ed.). Roma: P. et A. De Rubeis (Rossi), p. 911-912, the name Anastasius follows immediately after the entry for Vitalis, Cardinal Bishop of Albano. Anastasius was cardinal priest of San Clemente from c. 1102 to c. 1125.
↑ On 24 May 1116, Vitalis waS still Cardinal priest of S. Balbina, but he was one of the electors of Pope Gelasius II on 24 January 1118. Hüls, pp. 95-96.
↑ Bishop Matthaeus died on 25 December 1125. Brixius, p. 37, no. 29. Zenker, pp. 32-34, no. 12. Hüls, pp. 96-98.
↑ Albertus is known only from two subscriptions. Zenker, p. 34, no. 13.
↑ Henri was elevated at the Third Lateran Council by Pope Alexander III on March 7, 1179, in the second session J. D.Mansi, Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio Vol. 22, p. 234. Jaffé II, p. 339. Brixius, pp. 61-62, no. 6.
↑ Source for the period 1189–1230: Maleczek, p. 63
↑ Pierre was named a cardinal by Pope Innocent VI on 17 September 1361. On 4 February 1364 he was promoted cardinal bishop of Albano. He died at Avignon on 20 May 1367. Eubel I, pp. 20, no. 9; 35.
↑ Brancaccio, Archbishop of Bari (1367-1377) and Archbishop of Cosenza (1377-1378). was appointed a cardinal by Pope Clement VII (Avignon Obedience) on 16 December 1378 as Cardinal Priest of S. Maria Transtiberim (1378-1390). He was promoted Bishop of Albano in April 1388. He died in Florence on 29 June 1412. Eubel I, pp. 27, no. 2; 35. Cappelletti I, p. 669. Salvador Miranda, The Cardinals of the Holy Roman Church, Brancaccio. Retrieved: 2016-10-20. Archived 2008-05-08 at the Wayback Machine
↑ P. Gauchat Hierarchia catholicaVolumen quartum (IV) (Münster 1935), pp. 32–33.
↑ Boncompagni was Doctor in utroque iure (Canon and Civil Law) (Rome, Sapienza (1676). He was Archbishop of Bologna from 1690 until his death in 1731. He was created a cardinal priest by Pope Innocent XII on 12 December 1695, and assigned the titular church of S. Maria in Via. He was promoted to the Suburbicarian diocese of Albano on 12 June 1724. He died in Rome on 24 March 1731. Ritzler, V, p. 19; p. 124 with note 3; VI, p. 126.
↑ Pico was a Doctor in utroque iure (Canon and Civil Law). In 1699 he became a Cleric of the Apostolic Camera (papal Treasury). He was appointed Prefect of the Papal Chamber in 1706, and given the titular Patriarchate of Constantinople (1706-1712). He became Prefect of the Apostolic Palace in 1707. At the same time he was given a three year term as Governor of Castelgandolfo. He was created a Cardinal Priest on 18 May 1712 by Pope Clement XI, and assigned the titular church of San Silvestro in Capite. He moved to Santa Prassede in 1728, and was promoted Cardinal Bishop of Albano on 9 April 1731. He held the diocese until he was promoted to Porto on 29 August 1740. He died on 10 August 1743. Ritzler, V, p. 28 no. 38, with notes 15–18, 48, and p. 170, with note 3; VI, p. 39. Pico della Mirandola was a member of the Accademia degli Arcadi, even before he became a cardinal: Giovanni Mario Crescimbeni (1730). L'istoria della volgar poesia (in Italian). Vol.III (thirded.). Venezia: L. Basegio. p.287.
↑ Dugnani was a native of Milan. He received the degree Doctor in utroque iure (Canon and Civil Law) from the University of Pavia. In 1770 he became personal secretary to Pope Clement XIV. He was Apostolic Nuncio in France from 1787 to 1791 and consecrated Archbishop of Rhodes. He was elevated to the rank of Cardinal Priest by Pope Pius VI on 21 February 1794, and assigned the titular church of San Giovanni a Porta Latina; he was appointed Legate in the Romandiola. He moved to Santa Prassede in 1801. On 3 August 1807 he was promoted Cardinal Bishop of Albano, and on 8 March 1816 he transferred to the diocese of Porto. In May 1817 he became Prefect of the Signature of Justice. He died in Rome on 17 October 1818. J. J. Looney, ed. (2012). The Papers of Thomas Jefferson, Retirement Series, Volume 8: 1 October 1814 to 31 August 1815. Princeton University Press. p.483. ISBN978-1-4008-4004-5. Ritzler, VI, p. 37, with notes 70–73.
↑ Falzacappa was a native of Corneto. He had previously been titular Archbishop of Athens (Greece) until he was transferred to Ancona on 10 March 1823; on the same day he was created Cardinal Priest by Pope Pius VII. He was first Cardinal Priest of Ss. Nereo ed Achilleo, then of S. Maria in Trastevere, until 5 July 1830, when he was promoted to the diocese of Albano. He was named Prefect of the Signature of Justice, and a member of nine other Congregations in the Roman Curia. Notizie per l'anno 1834 (in Italian). Roma: Cracas. 1834. pp.31, 73–74.Notizie per l'anno 1823 p. 32.
↑ Parocchi was a native of Milan. He had been Bishop of Pavia (1871–1877), and Archbishop of Bologna (1877–1882). He was created a cardinal by Pope Pius IX on 22 June 1877, and assigned the titular church of San Sisto (1877–1884), from which he moved to Santa Croce in Gerusalemme (1884–1889). He was Vicar General of the Pope for the City of Rome from 1884 to 1899. He was appointed Cardinal Bishop of Albano on 24 May 1889. ON 30 November 1896 he became Cardinal Bishop of Porto and sub-Dean of the College of Cardinals. He died on 15 June 1906. La gerarchia cattolica (in Italian). Roma: tip. Vaticana. 1888. pp.64–65. Albert Battandier (ed.) L'annuaire pontifique (Paris: La Bonne Presse 1899), pp. 98–99. Lentz, p. 140.
↑ Verga was born at Bassano, and enjoyed a career in the Roman Curia, culminating in the Secretaryship of the Congregation of the Council. He was named Cardinal Deacon of San Angelo in Pescheria on 10 November 1881, and moved to Santa Maria in Via lata on 1 June 1891. On 30 June 1896 he was promoted Cardinal Priest of San Callisto. ond on 30 November 1896 he was promoted to the See of Albano. Albert Battandier (ed.) L'annuaire pontifique (Paris: La Bonne Presse 1899), pp. 98–99.
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain:Buonaiuti, Ernesto (1907). "Albano". In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Vol.1. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
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