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Events from the year 1686 in China .
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| See also: | Other events of 1686 History of China • Timeline • Years | ||||
Events from the year 1686 in China .
The Qing dynasty, officially the Great Qing, was the last dynasty in the imperial history of China. It was established in 1636, and ruled China proper from 1644 to 1912, with a brief restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming dynasty and succeeded by the Republic of China. The multiethnic Qing empire lasted for almost three centuries and assembled the territorial base for modern China. It was the largest Chinese dynasty and in 1790 the fourth largest empire in world history in terms of territory. With a population of 432 million in 1912, it was the world's most populous country at the time.
The Kangxi Emperor was the third Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the second Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1661 to 1722.
The Shunzhi Emperor was Emperor of the Qing dynasty from 1644 to 1661, and the first Qing emperor to rule over China proper. A committee of Manchu princes chose him to succeed his father, Hong Taiji (1592–1643), in September 1643, when he was six years old. The princes also appointed two co-regents: Dorgon (1612–1650), the 14th son of the Qing dynasty's founder Nurhaci (1559–1626), and Jirgalang (1599–1655), one of Nurhaci's nephews, both of whom were members of the Qing imperial clan.
The Qianlong Emperor was the fifth Emperor of the Qing dynasty and the fourth Qing emperor to rule over China proper, reigning from 1735 to 1796. Born Hongli, the fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor, he reigned officially from 11 October 1735 to 8 February 1796. In 1796, he abdicated in favour of his son, the Jiaqing Emperor—a filial act in order not to reign longer than his grandfather, the Kangxi Emperor, who ruled for 61 years. Despite his retirement, however, he retained ultimate power as the Retired Emperor until his death in 1799, making him one of the longest-reigning monarchs in history, and, dying at the age of 87, one of the longest-lived.
The Yongzheng Emperor was the fourth Emperor of the Qing dynasty, and the third Qing emperor to rule over China proper. He reigned from 1722 to 1735. A hard-working ruler, the Yongzheng Emperor's main goal was to create an effective government at minimal expense. Like his father, the Kangxi Emperor, the Yongzheng Emperor used military force to preserve the dynasty's position.
The Revolt of the Three Feudatories, also known as the Rebellion of Wu Sangui, was a rebellion in China lasting from 1673 to 1681, during the early reign of the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing dynasty (1644–1912). The revolt was led by the three lords of the fiefdoms in Yunnan, Guangdong and Fujian provinces against the Qing central government. These hereditary titles had been given to prominent Han Chinese defectors who had helped the Manchu conquer China during the transition from Ming to Qing. The feudatories were supported by Zheng Jing's Kingdom of Tungning in Taiwan, which sent forces to invade Mainland China. Additionally, minor Han military figures, such as Wang Fuchen and the Chahar Mongols, also revolted against Qing rule. After the last remaining Han resistance had been put down, the former princely titles were abolished.
Empress Xiaogongren, of the Manchu Plain Yellow Banner Uya clan, was a posthumous name bestowed to the consort of Xuanye, the Kangxi Emperor and mother of Yinzhen, the Yongzheng Emperor. She was honoured as Empress Dowager Renshou during the reign of her son and posthumously honoured as empress, although she never held the rank of empress consort during her lifetime.
Tulišen was a Manchu official and diplomat during the early Qing dynasty.
Fuquan （Manchu: ᡶᡠᠴᡳᠣᠸᠠᠨ; Möllendorff: fuciowan; Abkai: fuqiuwan, formally known as Prince Yu, was a Manchu prince of the Qing dynasty. He was the second son of the Shunzhi Emperor and a half-brother of the Kangxi Emperor.
The Deliberative Council of Princes and Ministers, also known as the Council of Princes and High Officials and Assembly of Princes and High Officials, or simply as the Deliberative Council, was an advisory body for the emperors of the early Qing dynasty (1636–1912). Derived from informal deliberative groups created by Nurhaci (1559–1626) in the 1610s and early 1620s, the Council was formally established by his son and successor Hong Taiji (1592–1643) in 1626 and expanded in 1637. Staffed mainly by Manchu dignitaries, this aristocratic institution served as the chief source of advice on military matters for Hong Taiji and the Shunzhi and Kangxi emperors. It was particularly powerful during the regencies of Dorgon (1643–1650) and Oboi (1661–1669), who used it to enhance their personal influence.
The Qing dynasty was the final Chinese Imperial dynasty; it saw both the heights of Chinese Imperial power and its downfall, ruling over China from the dynasty's founding in 1636 AD until its end in 1912 AD. Its establishment was begun by Jurchen chieftain Nurhaci starting in the early 1600s, who was a vassal to the then ruling Ming dynasty. Chafing under Ming leadership, Nurhaci led a campaign to unite his surrounding clans that eventually became a campaign to overthrow the Ming dynasty. His son, Hong Taiji would carry on his father's work and became the first Qing emperor in 1636, ruling until his death in 1643. The Shunzhi Emperor followed, and with his rule China was united under the Qing banner. His regent, Dorgon proved skillful though draconian, and significantly forced adoption of the queue hairstyle. The Kangxi Emperor took the throne in 1662, ruling for 61 years – longer than any other – until 1722. Under the Kangxi emperor the Qing dynasty entered a time of great prosperity: the High Qing era. The major Revolt of the Three Feudatories was put down during the period, and various border wars were resolved. The Yongzheng Emperor followed and proved an able reformer and state builder. Under him, and his son the Qianlong Emperor, the Qing reached its height, with a third more land than modern China.
The Dzungar–Qing Wars were a decades-long series of conflicts that pitted the Dzungar Khanate against the Qing dynasty of China and their Mongolian vassals. Fighting took place over a wide swath of Inner Asia, from present-day central and eastern Mongolia to Tibet, Qinghai, and Xinjiang regions of present-day China. Qing victories ultimately led to the incorporation of Outer Mongolia, Tibet and Xinjiang into the Qing Empire that was to last until the fall of the dynasty in 1911–1912, and the genocide of much of the Dzungar population in conquered areas.
Yue Zhongqi was a Chinese military commander of the Qing dynasty. He was a descendant of Yue Fei, and served as Ministry of War and Viceroy of Chuan-Shaan during the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor.
Events from the year 1667 in China.
Events from the year 1672 in China.
Events from the year 1673 in China.
Events from the year 1680 in China.
Events from the year 1683 in China.
Concubine Mao, a member of the Han Chinese Song clan, was a consort of the Yongzheng Emperor.