1936 Peru v Austria football match

1936 Summer Olympics
Quarterfinals

Event	1936 Summer Olympics
Peru Austria 4 2
Date	8 August 1936
Venue	Hertha Platz, Berlin
Referee	Thoralf Kristiansen (Norway)
Attendance	5,000

Peru v Austria was a football match played on 8 August 1936 during the Summer Olympics at Hertha Platz in Berlin. The match became notable for causing controversy after it was annulled because of a pitch invasion from Peruvian supporters who had assaulted the Austrian players. Peru had three of its five extra time goals disallowed by the referee and ended up winning the match 4–2. ^[1]

After the incidents, FIFA ordered the match to be played again without attending. As the Peruvian representatives could not appeal the decision and withdrew without attending the replay (following an order of president Óscar R. Benavides. ^[2] ), Austria were declared winners, advancing to the semifinals. ^[1]

In the first stage of the tournament, Peru (whose squad comprised members of Alianza Lima, Universitario de Deportes and 1935 league champions Sport Boys) ^[3] defeated Finland 7–3 (with Lolo Fernández scoring five goals), ^[4] while Austria beat Egypt 3–1. ^[5]

Match

Summary

A moment of the match, with goalkeeper Juan Valdivieso leaping in the air to stop an Austrian attack

Walter Werginz opened the scoring for Austria in the 23rd minute, to give the Austrian side a one-goal lead. Shortly after, in the 37th minute of action, Klement Steinmetz put a ball past Peruvian keeper Juan Valdivieso to double Austria's early lead. After 45 minutes of play, the scoreline was 0–2 in favour of the Austrians.

Trailing 0–2, with elimination from the tournament at stake, the Peruvians entered the second half with renewed determination. In the 75th minute, they scored their first goal through Jorge Alcalde. Six minutes later, in the 81st minute of play, Alejandro Villanueva scored the equalizer. The remaining minutes of the match saw no further scoring, and the match went to extra time.

During extra time, Peru netted the ball five times, but three goals were disallowed by the referee and they went on to win 4–2. ^{[6] [7]}

Details

8 August 1936
17:30

Peru	4–2 (a.e.t.)	Austria
Alcalde 75' Villanueva 81', 117' Fernández 119'	Report	Wergin 23' Steinmetz 37'

Hertha-BSC Platz , Berlin

Attendance: 5,000

Referee: Thoralf Kristiansen (NOR)

Peru

Austria

GK Juan Valdivieso DF Arturo Fernández DF Víctor Lavalle MF Carlos Tovar MF Segundo Castillo MF Orestes Jordan FW Adelfo Magallanes FW Jorge Alcalde  82' FW Teodoro Fernández FW Alejandro Villanueva FW José Morales Substitutes: MF Prisco Alcalde FW Eulogio García Manager: Alberto Denegri

GK Eduard Kainberger DF Ernst Kunz DF Martin Kargl MF Anton Krenn MF Karl Wahlmüller MF Max Hofmeister FW Walter Werginz FW Adolf Laudon FW Klement Steinmetz FW Josef Kitzmueller FW Franz Fuchsberger Substitutes: MF Franz Mandl FW Karl Kainberger Manager: James Hogan

Assistant referees: Pal von Hertzka Esko Pekonen

Post-match

The Austrians demanded a rematch on the grounds that Peruvian fans had stormed the field, which then did not meet the requirements for a football game. ^{[7] [8]} Austria further claimed that the Peruvian players had manhandled the Austrians and that spectators, one holding a revolver, had "swarmed down on the field." ^[9] Peru was summoned on this issue but were delayed by a Nazi parade. ^[7] FIFA accepted that the pitch had been invaded and that an Austrian player had been assaulted. ^[10]

The Peruvian arguments were not heard, the Olympic Committee and FIFA ruled in favour of Austria, ordering a rematch inside closed doors, initially for 10 August, but later rescheduled for 11 August 1936.

As a protest against these actions, which the Peruvians deemed as insulting and discriminatory, the entire Olympic delegations of Peru and Colombia left Germany. ^{[11] [12]} Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, and Mexico expressed their solidarity with Peru. ^[9] Miguel Dasso, a member of the Peruvian Olympic Committee, stated: "We have no faith in European athletics. We have come here and found a bunch of merchants." ^[13] The game was awarded to Austria by default. ^[9] When the Peruvian team and delegation came back to Callao, they were warmly welcomed by thousands of people who acclaimed them as the true champions. ^[14]

In Peru, angry crowds protested against the decisions of the Olympic Committee by tearing down an Olympic flag, throwing stones at the German consulate, refusing to load German vessels in the docks of Callao, and listening to inflammatory speeches which included President Oscar Benavides Larrea's mention of "the crafty Berlin decision." ^[9] It is popularly believed that Adolf Hitler and the Nazi authorities might have had some involvement in this situation, though this was not claimed at the time. ^[12]

Peru was coached by Alberto Denegri, ^[15] whereas Austria was managed by Englishman James Hogan. Austria won silver in the tournament. Three years later Peru won the 1939 South American Championship.

Legacy

Uruguayan writer Eduardo Galeano referred to the match as "the history of dignity", stating that the Olympic Committee ruled that the match had to be played again alleging that they could not allow a team formed by mestizos defeat an aryan race squad when nazism was in full swing. ^[2]

In 2014, it was announced that a 10-part miniseries (named Goleadores) produced by French Michel Gómez and inspired on the match, would be made. ^[16] Gómez stated that it "was based on real facts because FIFA was under pressure from the nazi government to annull the game. ^[17] The miniseries was starred by Peruvian and Argentine actors and filmed in Lima. ^[18]

See also

• Football at the 1936 Summer Olympics

References

1. Hace 75 años Perú se retiró de Berlín 36 tras "humillar" a Hitler on El Comercio, 10 August 2011
2. El día que la selección peruana humilló a Hitler on BBVA.com by Nelson Alvarado
3. Roberto Salinas (17 June 2013). "Continuando con las cronicas ..." (in Spanish). CPDP. Archived from the original on 22 February 2014. Retrieved 24 June 2013.
4. Fifa Report
5. Fifa Report
6. Paul Doyle (24 November 2011). "The forgotten story of … football, farce and fascism at the 1936 Olympics – Paul Doyle". the Guardian. Retrieved 15 March 2016.
7. "Las épocas doradas del fútbol peruano y las Olimpiadas de 1936" (PDF). Beta.upc.edu.pe (in Spanish). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-04-27. Retrieved 2009-02-14.
8. "Controversia – Berlín 36. Un mito derrumbado (The Berlin '36 Controversy. A myth debunked.)" (in Spanish). Larepublica.com.pe. Archived from the original on 2009-03-22. Retrieved 2009-02-15.
9. "Sport: Olympic Games (Concl'd)". Time.com. 1936-08-24. Archived from the original on December 15, 2008. Retrieved 2010-01-24.
10. "Hace 75 años Perú se retiró de Berlín 36 tras "humillar" a Hitler". 10 August 2011.
11. ^[ dead link ]
12. "Las Olimpiadas de Berlín". futbolperuano.com (in Spanish). Archived from the original on 2007-08-23. Retrieved 2007-08-21.
13. "Sport: Olympic Games (Concl'd)". Time. 1936-08-24. Archived from the original on December 15, 2008. Retrieved 2010-05-02.
14. "Hace 75 años Perú se retiró de Berlín 36 tras "humillar" a Hitler". 10 August 2011.
15. FIFA.com
16. "Goleadores": una miniserie basada en los Olímpicos de Berlín on El Comercio
17. La misteriosa anulación de un gran triunfo peruano on Conmebol, 2014
18. Miniserie recrea "mano" de Hitler en Berlín 1936, Gaceta Mercantil, 17 Jul 2014