1937 Nobel Prize in Literature | |
---|---|
Roger Martin du Gard | |
Date |
|
Location | Stockholm, Sweden |
Presented by | Swedish Academy |
First awarded | 1901 |
Website | Official website |
The 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French author Roger Martin du Gard "for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle Les Thibault". [1]
Roger Martin du Gard was awarded for the then seven-part (a final eight part was later published) novel cycle Les Thibault (1922-1940), that chronicles a family of the bourgeoisie from the turn of the 19th century to World War I. His other work includes the novel Jean Barois (1913) that deals with the conflict between the Roman catholic faith of his childhood and the scientific materialism of his maturity and the impact of the Dreyfus affair on the protagonist, sketches of French country life in Vielle France ("Old France", 1933), a study of the author and his friend André Gide (Notes sur André Gide, 1951), and dramas. [2]
The multi-volume roman-fleuve Les Thibault influenced the Nobel Committee in awarding Du Gard the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature. It follows intricately the fortunes of two brothers, Antoine and Jacques Thibault, from their upbringing in a prosperous Catholic bourgeois family to the end of the First World War. The novel was admired by authors like André Gide, Albert Camus, Clifton Fadiman, and Georg Lukacs. In contrast, Mary McCarthy called it "a work whose learned obtuseness is, so far as I know, unequaled in fiction." [3]
Roger Martin du Gard had been nominated for the prize five times since 1934. [4] In 1937, the Nobel committee received 62 nominations for 37 writers including Frans Emil Sillanpää (awarded in 1939), Paul Valéry, Paul Claudel, Kostis Palamas, António Correia de Oliveira, Bertel Gripenberg, Karel Capek and Georges Duhamel. Fourteen were newly nominated such as Stijn Streuvels, Jean Giono, Johan Falkberget, Valdemar Rørdam and Albert Verwey. Most nominations were submitted for the Danish author Johannes V. Jensen (awarded in 1944) with seven nominations. There were seven female nominees namely Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício, Ricarda Huch, Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić, Maila Talvio, Maria Jotuni, Cecile Tormay and Sally Salminen. [5]
The authors Lou Andreas-Salomé, J. M. Barrie, Ellis Parker Butler, Aleksey Chapygin, Ralph Connor, Francis de Croisset, Alberto de Oliveira, John Drinkwater, Florence Dugdale, Edward Garnett, Antonio Gramsci, Frances Nimmo Greene, Ivor Gurney, Elizabeth Haldane, Élie Halévy, W. F. Harvey, Ilya Ilf, Attila József, H. P. Lovecraft, Don Marquis, H. C. McNeile, Dashdorjiin Natsagdorj, Rudolf Otto, Mittie Frances Point (known as Mrs. Alex. McVeigh Miller), Horacio Quiroga, Jean-Joseph Rabearivelo and Yevgeny Zamyatin died in 1937 without having been nominated for the prize. The Dutch poet Albert Verwey died before the only chance to be rewarded.
No. | Nominee | Country | Genre(s) | Nominator(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | René Béhaine (1880–1966) | France | novel, short story, essays |
|
2 | Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić (1874–1938) | Yugoslavia ( Croatia) | novel, short story |
|
3 | Paul Claudel (1868–1955) | France | poetry, drama, essays, memoir | Peter Hjalmar Rokseth (1891–1945) |
4 | António Correia de Oliveira (1878–1960) | Portugal | poetry | Luís da Cunha Gonçalvez (1875–1956) |
5 | Karel Čapek (1890–1938) | Czechoslovakia | drama, novel, short story, essays, literary criticism | Josef Šusta (1874–1945) [lower-alpha 1] |
6 | Maria Madalena de Martel Patrício (1884–1947) | Portugal | poetry, essays | António Baião (1878–1961) |
7 | Roger Martin du Gard (1881–1958) | France | novel, drama, memoir | Torsten Fogelqvist (1880–1941) |
8 | Georges Duhamel (1884–1966) | France | novel, short story, poetry, drama, literary criticism |
|
9 | Olav Duun (1876–1939) | Norway | novel, short story | Helga Eng (1875–1966) |
10 | Johan Falkberget (1879–1967) | Norway | novel, short story, essays | Fredrik Paasche (1886–1943) |
11 | Jean Giono (1895–1970) | France | novel, short story, essays, poetry, drama |
|
12 | Bertel Gripenberg (1878–1947) | Finland Sweden | poetry, drama, essays | Magnus Hammarström (1893–1941) |
13 | Vilhelm Grønbech (1873–1948) | Denmark | history, essays, poetry | William Norvin (1878–1940) |
14 | Jarl Hemmer (1893–1944) | Finland | poetry, novel | Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953) |
15 | Ricarda Huch (1864–1947) | Germany | history, essays, novel, poetry |
|
16 | Johannes Vilhelm Jensen (1873–1950) | Denmark | novel, short story, essays |
|
17 | Maria Jotuni (1880–1943) | Finland | drama, novel, short story, essays | Viljo Tarkiainen (1879–1951) |
18 | Ludwig Klages (1872–1956) | Germany | philosophy, poetry, essays | Wilhelm Pinder (1878–1947) |
19 | Erwin Guido Kolbenheyer (1878–1962) | Austria | novel, short story, poetry, drama | Heinz Kindermann (1894–1985) |
20 | Maurice Magre (1877–1941) | France | novel, poetry, drama |
|
21 | Bensadhar Majumdar (?) | India | essays | Sen Satyendranath (1909–?) |
22 | John Masefield (1878–1967) | United Kingdom | poetry, drama, novel, short story, essays, autobiography | Anders Österling (1884–1981) |
23 | Dmitry Merezhkovsky (1865–1941) | Soviet Union | novel, essays, poetry, drama | Sigurd Agrell (1881–1937) |
24 | Kostis Palamas (1859–1943) | Greece | poetry, essays | Nikos Athanasiou Veēs (1882–1958) |
25 | Jules Payot (1859–1940) | France | pedagogy, philosophy | Alfred Baudrillart, C.O. (1859–1942) |
26 | William Pickard (1889–1973) | United Kingdom | novel, poetry, essays | Arthur Bernard Cook (1868–1952) |
27 | Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888–1975) | India | philosophy, essays, law | Hjalmar Hammarskjöld (1862–1953) |
28 | Valdemar Rørdam (1872–1946) | Denmark | poetry, essays | Ejnar Thomsen (1897–1956) |
29 | Sally Salminen (1906–1976) | Finland | novel, essays, autobiography | Albert Engström (1869–1940) |
30 | Arnold Schering (1877–1941) | Germany | essays | Ilmari Krohn (1867–1960) |
31 | Frans Eemil Sillanpää (1888–1964) | Finland | novel, short story, poetry |
|
32 | Stijn Streuvels (1871–1969) | Belgium | novel, short story |
|
33 | Maila Talvio (1871–1951) | Finland | novel, short story, translation | Ilmari Krohn (1867–1960) |
34 | Shaul Tchernichovsky (1875–1943) | Soviet Union Mandatory Palestine | poetry, essays, translation | Joseph Klausner (1874–1958) |
35 | Cécile Tormay (1875–1937) | Hungary | novel, short story, essays, translation |
|
36 | Paul Valéry (1871–1945) | France | poetry, philosophy, essays, drama | Gabriel Hanotaux (1853–1944) |
37 | Albert Verwey (1865–1937) | Netherlands | poetry, essays, translation |
|
Pär Fabian Lagerkvist was a Swedish author who received the 1951 Nobel Prize in Literature.
French literature generally speaking, is literature written in the French language, particularly by citizens of France; it may also refer to literature written by people living in France who speak traditional languages of France other than French. Literature written in the French language by citizens of other nations such as Belgium, Switzerland, Canada, Senegal, Tunisia, Algeria, Morocco, etc. is referred to as Francophone literature.
Roger Martin du Gard was a French novelist, winner of the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature.
The Counterfeiters is a 1925 novel by French author André Gide, first published in Nouvelle Revue Française. With many characters and crisscrossing plotlines, its main theme is that of the original and the copy, and what differentiates them – both in the external plot of the counterfeit gold coins and in the portrayal of the characters' feelings and their relationships. The Counterfeiters is a novel-within-a-novel, with Édouard intending to write a book of the same title. Other stylistic devices are also used, such as an omniscient narrator who sometimes addresses the reader directly, weighs in on the characters' motivations or discusses alternate realities. Therefore, the book has been seen as a precursor of the nouveau roman. The structure of the novel was written to mirror "Cubism", in that it interweaves between several different plots and portrays multiple points of view.
The Nobel Prize in Literature is a Swedish literature prize that is awarded annually, since 1901, to an author from any country who has, in the words of the will of Swedish industrialist Alfred Nobel, "in the field of literature, produced the most outstanding work in an idealistic direction". Though individual works are sometimes cited as being particularly noteworthy, the award is based on an author's body of work as a whole. The Swedish Academy decides who, if anyone, will receive the prize. The academy announces the name of the laureate in early October. It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Alfred Nobel in 1895. Literature is traditionally the final award presented at the Nobel Prize ceremony. On some occasions, the award has been postponed to the following year, most recently in 2018 as of July 2023.
The Thibaults is a multi-volume roman-fleuve by Roger Martin du Gard, which follows the fortunes of two brothers, Antoine and Jacques Thibault, from their upbringing in a prosperous Catholic bourgeois family to the end of the First World War. The author was awarded the 1937 Nobel Prize in Literature largely on the basis of this novel sequence.
The 1962 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the American author John Steinbeck (1902–1968) "for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception."
The 1957 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the French writer Albert Camus (1913–1960) "for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times." He is the ninth French author to become a recipient of the prize after Catholic novelist François Mauriac in 1952, and the fourth philosopher after British analytic philosopher Bertrand Russell in 1950.
The 1938 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the American author Pearl S. Buck (1892–1973) "for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces." Buck was the first female American to be awarded the Nobel Prize and the third American recipient following Eugene O'Neill in 1936 and Sinclair Lewis in 1930. She was also the fourth woman to receive the prize.
The 1951 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the Swedish author Pär Lagerkvist "for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind." Lagerkvist is the fourth Swedish recipient of the Nobel Prize in Literature after Lagerlöf in 1909, Von Heidenstam in 1916, and Karlfeldt in 1931.
The 1952 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French Catholic writer François Mauriac (1885–1970) "for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life." He is the eight French author to receive the prize after the novelist André Gide in 1947.
The 1915 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French author Romain Rolland (1866–1944) "as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings." The prize was awarded the following year on November 9, 1916 and he is the third Frenchman who became a Nobel recipient for the literature category.
The 1963 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded the Greek poet and diplomat Giorgos Seferis (1900–1971) "for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture." He is the first Greek laureate to win the Nobel Prize.
The 1947 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French author André Gide "for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight".
The 1936 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the American playwright Eugene O'Neill "for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy". The prize was awarded in 1937. He is the second American to become a literature laureate after Sinclair Lewis in 1930.
The 1935 Nobel Prize in Literature was not awarded after the Swedish Academy decided that no author in the field of literature was a suitable candidate. Hence, the prize money for this year was 1⁄3 allocated to the Main Fund and 2⁄3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
The 1932 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the British author John Galsworthy "for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga".
The 1921 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the French author Anatole France "in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament".
The 1934 Nobel Prize in Literature was awarded to the Italian dramatist Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936) "for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art".