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12 Heads of Federal Subjects from 89 | ||
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Gubernatorial elections in 1993 took place in twelve regions of the Russian Federation.
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12 Heads of Federal Subjects from 89 | ||
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Gubernatorial elections in 1993 took place in twelve regions of the Russian Federation.
| Federal Subject [1] | Date | Incumbent | Incumbent status | Candidates | Governor-elect |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ingushetia | 28 February | Viktor Polyanichko | Head of interim administration |  Ruslan Aushev 99.9% (ran unopposed) | Ruslan Aushev |
| Kalmykia | 11 April | Ilya Bugdayev | Chairman of the Council of People′s Deputies |
| Kirsan Ilyumzhinov |
| Lipetsk Oblast | 11 April | Vladimir Zaytsev | Interim governor | Mikhail Narolin 49.8% | Mikhail Narolin |
| Oryol Oblast | 11 April | Nikolay Yudin | Appointee |
| Yegor Stroyev |
| Penza Oblast | 11 April | Aleksandr Kondratyev | Appointee | Anatoly Kovlyagin 71% | Anatoly Kovlyagin |
| Krasnoyarsk Krai [2] | 11 & 25 April | Valery Zubov | Interim governor |
| Valery Zubov |
| Amur Oblast | 11 April, 25 April | Albert Krivchenko | Appointee |
| Aleksandr Surat |
| Bryansk Oblast | 11 April, 25 April | Vladimir Barabanov | Appointee |
| Yury Lodkin |
| Chelyabinsk Oblast | 11 April, 25 April | Vadim Solovyov | Appointee |
| Pyotr Sumin [3] |
| Smolensk Oblast | 25 April | Valery Fateyev | Appointee |
| Anatoly Glushenkov |
| Bashkortostan | 12 December | Murtaza Rakhimov | Chairman of the Supreme Soviet |
| Murtaza Rakhimov [4] |
| Chuvashia | 12 December, 26 December | Eduard Kubarev | Chairman of the Supreme Soviet |
| Nikolay Fyodorov |
Following the escalation of 1993 Russian constitutional crisis the governors had to choose whether to support the parliament or the president. Those who chose the losing side, were later removed from office by the president. Among them were governors of Amur and Bryansk Oblasts Aleksandr Surat and Yury Lodkin, [5] both serving only six months.
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On 28 February 1993, presidential elections were held in Ingushetia. Major General Ruslan Aushev, formerly head of provisional administration of Ingushetia, ran unopposed with the support of several Ingush nationalist organisations. He was sworn in as president on 7 March 1993. [8] A snap election was held a year after, along with the constitutional referendum and election of the People's Assembly.
The primary political issue of the election was the 1992 East Prigorodny conflict and the subsequent ethnic cleansing of Ingush in Prigorodny District. All of the groups supporting Aushev urged for further attention towards Ingush refugees, but disagreed on the republic's future relationship towards Russia; the National Front of Ingushetia, a party comprising supporters of Aushev's campaign, supported a takeover of Prigorodny District by the Russian federal government, [6] while Nijsxo and the Congress of the Ingush People urged for a reassessment of the relationship. The Congress of the Ingush People called for the withdrawal of all Russian troops from Ingushetia, [9] and Nijsxo would go on to oppose the signing of the Treaty of Federation after Aushev took office. [6]
Following the election, Aushev signed a decree on 7 March 1993 banning all political organisations in Ingushetia. [9]
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Presidential election in the Republic of Kalmykia was held on Sunday, 11 April 1993, 17 months after the previous voting of 1991, which did not reveal the winner. People's deputy of Russia Kirsan Ilyumzhinov won the presidency, defeating General Valery Ochirov (29.22%) [11] and president of the Farmers Association of Kalmykia Vladimir Bambayev (1.55%). [12] Aged 31, Ilyumzhinov became the youngest holder of governor-level office in Russia. [13]
Ingushetia or Ingushetiya, officially the Republic of Ingushetia, is a republic of Russia located in the North Caucasus of Eastern Europe. The republic is part of the North Caucasian Federal District, and shares land borders with the country of Georgia to its south; and borders the Russian republics of North Ossetia–Alania to its west and north and Chechnya to its east and northeast.
Ruslan Sultanovich Aushev is a Russian Ingush former politician. He was the President of Ingushetia from March 1993 to December 2001. He was reportedly the youngest officer in the Soviet Army to reach the rank of lieutenant general. He was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union on 7 May 1982 for his actions in Afghanistan. Aushev has emerged as Ingushetia's most popular politician, having kept peace and stability during the First Chechen War.
When the Soviet Union existed, different governments had ruled the northern Caucasus regions of Chechnya and Ingushetia. Within the Mountain Autonomous Socialist Soviet Republic, later annexed into the Russian Socialist Federative Soviet Republic, they were known as the Chechen Autonomous Oblast and the Ingush Autonomous Oblast, which were unified on January 15, 1934, to form the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast. It was elevated to an autonomous republic as the Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic from 1936 to 1944 and again from 1957 to 1993. Its capital was Grozny.
The East Prigorodny conflict, also referred to as the Ossetian–Ingush conflict, was an inter-ethnic conflict within the Russian Federation, in the eastern part of the Prigorodny District in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, which started in 1989 and developed, in 1992, into a brief ethnic war between local Ingush and Ossetian paramilitary forces.
Gubernatorial elections in 1991 and 1992 took place in 11 federal subjects of Russia. Moscow, Saint Petersburg, Tatarstan, Kalmykia, Mari El, Mordovia, Sakha and Chuvashia held their first elections in 1991. In Adygea and Kabardino-Balkaria second tours were held after the New Year celebrations. Tuva was the only one region of the Russian Federation to held its first presidential election in 1992, ignoring the year-long moratorium introduced by Russian parliament in late 1991.
Gubernatorial elections in 1995 took place in fifteen regions of the Russian Federation.
The governor of Bryansk Oblast is the highest official of Bryansk Oblast, a federal subject of Russia. The governor heads the executive branch in the region and is elected by direct popular vote for the term of five years.
Separatism in Russia refers to bids for secession or autonomy for certain federal subjects or areas of the Russian Federation. Historically there have been many attempts to break away from the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union but modern separatism took shape in Russia after the Dissolution of the Soviet Union and the annexation of Crimea. Separatism in modern Russia was at its biggest in the 1990s and early 2000s. The topic became relevant again after the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The primary causes of separatism are nationalism in the republics, economic dependency, and geographic isolation. The promotion of separatism is illegal in Russia.
The Fatherland Socialist Party, also known as the Socialist Party "Fatherland" or Fatherland, is a minor opposition political party in South Ossetia and the Russian republic of North Ossetia–Alania. The party is led by Vyacheslav Gobozov, former head of the committee for information during the administration of Anatoly Bibilov. They position themselves as socialist and have been considered a marginal radical party for their entire existence.
The National Independence Party was a political party in the Chechen Republic of Ichkeria led by human rights activist and businessman Ruslan Kutayev. Initially opposed to the government of Dzhokhar Dudayev, the party later shifted in support of him following the beginning of the First Chechen War, and later achieved landslide victories during the 1997 Chechen presidential election.
Khostug Tyva was a political party in Tuva which existed from 1989 until the late 1990s. Originally established as the People's Front of Tuva, Khostug Tyva led the anti-Russian riots that resulted in the flight of most of the republic's ethnic Russian population, as well as later efforts to achieve independence from Russia.
The Buryat-Mongolian People's Party was a nationalist political party in the Russian republic of Buryatia, active from 1990 to 2001.
Çon çobĕ is the executive council of the Congress of the Khakas People, with members elected by the Congress to serve three-year terms. It has operated underground since being formally liquidated by the Russian government in 2001.
Styr Nyxas is a political party active in the partially-recognised state of South Ossetia and the Russian republic of North Ossetia–Alania.
The Union for the National Revival of Alania, abbreviated as Alania, was a political party in the Russian republic of North Ossetia–Alania during the early 1990s.
The Congress of the Ingush People or the Congress of the Peoples of Ingushetia was a political organisation active in the Russian republic of Ingushetia from 1989 to 1999, when it formally became part of the legislature of Ingushetia and was reorganised into the People's Assembly. It was active during the East Prigorodny conflict, when it focused on the plight of Ingush refugees and the Russian military's support for the government of North Ossetia.
Nijsxo is an unregistered political party active in the Russian republic of Ingushetia since 1988.
Ingush nationalism is the belief that the Ingush people should constitute a nation. Ingush nationalism has been variously utilised as both a secular and Islamist concept at various times, and has become particularly important since the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the 1992 East Prigorodny conflict with North Ossetia.
Adyghe Hase or Circassian Khase is a political party active in the Russian republics of Adygea, Kabardino-Balkaria, and Karachay-Cherkessia, as well as in the former Shapsug National District in Krasnodar Krai. Popular among ethnic Circassians during the 1990s, it called for the unification of the three republics and the district into a single federal state.
