2020 Russian constitutional referendum

Last updated

2020 Russian constitutional referendum
Flag of Russia.svg
25 June – 1 July 2020
Do you approve amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation?
Results
Choice
Votes %
Check-71-128-204-brightblue.svgYes57,747,28878.56%
Light brown x.svgNo15,761,97821.44%
Valid votes73,509,26699.18%
Invalid or blank votes604,9510.82%
Total votes74,114,217100.00%
Registered voters/turnout109,190,33767.88%
2020 Russian constitutional vote map.svg
Results by federal subject
    Referendum ballot Biulleten' 2020.jpg
    Referendum ballot

    A constitutional referendum was held in Russia between 25 June and 1 July 2020. [1] [2] President Vladimir Putin proposed the referendum during his address to the Federal Assembly on 15 January 2020. [3] The draft amendments to the constitution were submitted to a referendum in accordance with article 2 of the Law on Amendments to the Constitution. [4] The referendum is legally referred to as an "All-Russian vote" (Russian : общероссийское голосование, romanized: obshcherossiyskoye golosovaniye), for it is not held in accordance with the Federal Constitutional Law on the Referendum.[ citation needed ]

    Contents

    The amendments include sweeping changes to the constitution, including allowing Putin to run again for two more six-year presidential terms (which would allow him to potentially stay in power until 2036) and enshrining social measures on pensions and welfare state as well as conservative ones such as constitutionally banning same-sex marriage, [5] ensuring patriotic education in schools,[ citation needed ] and placing the constitution above international law.

    Originally scheduled for 22 April 2020, the vote was postponed to a later date due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia. [6] It had been noted that the initial vote date coincided with the 150th anniversary of Vladimir Lenin's birth. [7] [8] In-person voting at the polling stations was held from 25 June to 1 July, with 1 July being declared a day off as the actual voting date. Residents of Moscow and the Nizhny Novgorod Oblast could participate in the event remotely (electronically) from 25 to 30 June. [9] [10] [11]

    According to official results, 79% of valid votes supported the changes to the constitution. Later that year, Putin accepted the results and signed them into law. Many international observers criticized the results of the referendum claiming widespread reports of irregularities such as: voter coercion, multiple voting, violation of secrecy of the vote and allegations of police violence against a journalist who was present to observe. Further criticism is centered around the amendment that could extend Putin's presidency to 2036. [12] [13]

    Proposed amendments

    On 19 December 2019, Vladimir Putin announced possible amendments to the Constitution during a press conference. [14] The following month, he repeated his intention to amend the constitution when he addressed the Federal Assembly. [15] [16]

    Among notable changes were the right of the president to remove federal justices, to remove Supreme Justices following approval by the Federation Council, a right for the lower house of the Parliament to appoint the prime minister and the "supremacy of Russian law over international law". [15] [17] It also extended presidential term limits, enabling Putin, if reelected, to hold presidential office until 2036. The previous version of the constitution would have required him to step down in 2024; this move has been labelled a "power grab" by some commentators. [18] The extension to term limits allows Putin (and former President Medvedev) to run for two further six-year presidential terms, something Putin has not yet ruled out.[ citation needed ] Critics have accused him of plotting to stay in power for life, while supporters have lauded the inclusion of the amendment. [19] [20]

    Putin ordered the creation of a working group of 75 people to work on drafting proposed amendments. [21]

    The amendments stipulate social guarantees for citizens.[ vague ] The amendments mention, for the first time in the constitution: marriage – defined as the union of a man and a woman, faith in God, as well as the State Council (which increases its role). The Russian nationality will be called a state-forming one.[ clarification needed ] The institution of the presidency will be strengthened. The word "consecutive" will be removed from the clause which limits the term of ruling the country to "two consecutive terms". The amendments also stipulate the right of the Constitutional Court to block the implementation of decisions of international organizations on the grounds of the unconstitutionality of such decisions (the body has had this power since 2015). [19] [ additional citation(s) needed ]

    List

    On 20 January 2020, President Vladimir Putin submitted the draft amendments to the State Duma, expecting 14 articles to be changed in total: [4] [22] [23] [24]

    Proposed adoption without a referendum

    The Constitution of the Russian Federation was accepted on the national vote on 12 December 1993 and consists of nine chapters. The order of revision of Chapters 1, 2 and 9 is prescribed in Article 135 of the Constitution and requires the convening of the Constitutional Assembly for the adoption of the new Constitution. The procedure for amending Chapters 3 to 8 is defined in Article 136 and requires the adoption of the law on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation according to a procedure similar to (but not identical due to the requirement of ratification of the amendment by regional legislative bodies) the adoption of a federal constitutional law. [30] [31]

    Several amendments have been made to the Constitution since its enactment. The largest were the amendments proposed in the 2008 Presidential message. Other amendments included an amendment to merge the Supreme and Supreme Arbitration Courts, as well as the amendment to appoint an additional group of Federation Council members ("representatives of the Russian Federation") by the President. The Constitution was also amended in connection with the formation or liquidation of the Federation's constituent entities, as well as with their renaming. [32]

    Putin noted that Russia's parliament is legally capable of changing the Constitution, but he argued that a national vote is necessary to make the amendments legitimate. [33] While Putin said the package of amendments should be put to a nationwide vote, Kremlin spokesman Dmitry Peskov said that the vote does not entail a referendum. [34] On 20 January 2020, Putin submitted a bill on constitutional amendments to the State Duma (the lower house of parliament). [35] [36] The amendment of the Constitution proposed by Putin requires neither a referendum, nor convening of the Russian Constitutional Assembly. [37]

    Proposed consultative All-Russia voting

    Terminology

    The current Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted by "nationwide voting" on 12 December 1993. This is an official term with legal meaning. Amendments or a new constitution can be also adopted by "nationwide voting".

    Article 3 of the 1993 Constitution of Russia says:

    Chapter 9 says:

    Therefore, "referendum" (Russian : референдум, romanized: referendum), "free elections" (Russian : свободные выборы, romanized: svobodnyye vybory) and "nationwide voting" (Russian : всенародное голосование, romanized: vsenarodnoye golosovaniye) are provisioned by the Constitution. A 50%+ turnout is mandatory for "nationwide voting" according to the Article 135 of the 1993 Constitution of Russia.

    The Federal Constitutional Law on the Referendum was adopted in 1995. A period of campaign, 50%+ turnout and international democratic electoral standards are mandatory for a referendum. The results of a referendum are binding and can't be changed unless a new referendum is held. Russian law does not provide for consultative referendums.

    Discussion

    On the other hand, Putin's statement that a "final decision" will be made only after the voting process can be interpreted to mean that the vote itself will not be binding. According to the Constitution, however, that is not the case: The results of a nationwide vote must be enforced as is. This means that a referendum would be conducted as an extra constitutional procedure (much like an online poll). [38] Critics have accused Putin of orchestrating a "constitutional coup" and seeking to fast-track changes to the country's political system without going through proper procedures including a referendum. [39]

    All-Russian voting

    The renewal of the Constitution requires neither a referendum, nor convening of the Constitutional Assembly, [37] but "All-Russian voting" (Russian : общероссийское голосование, romanized: obshcherossiyskoye golosovaniye) is provisioned by Article 2 of the draft law on making amendments to the Russian Constitution. [4] [40] Putin introduced this term for the first time and it is not a legal term with clear definition.[ contradictory ] All-Russian voting is not provisioned by the constitution or mentioned in any federal laws, regional laws or any other legal documents.

    Voting procedure

    Voting station in Kamchatka Krai Izbiratel'nyi uchastok 2020.jpg
    Voting station in Kamchatka Krai

    In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, measures to prevent the spread of the disease were taken on the recommendation of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing (Rospotrebnadzor). These measures include extending the voting period to five days, screening for fever with a thermometer at the entrance to polling stations, providing polling station workers with personal protective equipment and encouraging social distancing. [10] [41]

    Also, the Central Electoral Commission (CEC) meeting on 2 June came up with several voting options: outside the Precinct Electoral Committee (PEC) tied to the registration address through the Mobile Voter scheme; outside the polling station (in the adjacent territories), as well as contactless voting from home. Within the framework of this plebiscite, no valid reason is needed for voting from home, and the PEC agrees with the voter on the preferred time. These voting options are available not only on 1 July, but also from 25 to 30 June. Application submission is open until 21 June, for this purpose one should submit an application (including one over the phone) to vote at the preferred location – to the Territorial Election Commission (TEC), PEC, Multifunctional Centre for Public Services (MFC) or through the State Services (Gosuslugi) portal. There are also safety measures for those who vote from home: commission members and observers will not enter apartment or houses. They will be wearing personal protective equipment and also they will have to provide a voter with a kit with a mask, gloves, a pen and a sanitizer. [10] [42]

    Remote electronic voting (REV), which was made available in the regions of Moscow and Nizhny Novgorod, was first tested in the Moscow City Duma elections in 2019. Application submission was made open until 2 pm. on 21 June. The voting went from the morning of 25 June until the end of the day on 30 June. The voters who have registered on the portals mos.ru and gosuslugi.ru after 5 June will not be able to take part in electronic voting in order to avoid "rigged" voting. Only those users who have successfully passed the check and matching against the data in the State Automates System "Elections" will be allowed to vote. Accounts with recently changed phone numbers will be blocked as well. [10] [43] [44] A unified portal 2020og.ru and a special territorial commission have been created for remote electronic voting.

    Special voting mode will be chosen at voting sites abroad. Each embassy and consulate will determine on its own if it is possible to arrange voting until 1 July. [45] [42]

    Three categories of participants can observe and control the voting: members of the commission with the casting vote, observers and media representatives. The precinct commissions are formed in advance, observers can be sent to the all-Russian voting by the regional public chambers according to the applications submitted in advance, and the representatives of mass media must have an agreement with the editorial board concluded not later than two months before the voting appointment. [46] [47] [10] It is stated that at the preliminary voting stage the CEC will publish daily data on the turnout, and the votes for and against will be counted only after the end of the voting on 1 July. [48]

    Campaign

    Russian postal stamp dedicated to the 2020 constitutional referendum, issued on 11 June 2020 2020 Russian constitutional referendum stamp.jpg
    Russian postal stamp dedicated to the 2020 constitutional referendum, issued on 11 June 2020

    Opposition movements, parties and politicians took a different attitude towards voting.

    As there is no minimum voter turn-out, the amendments will be considered approved and enacted if the majority of the actual voters agree with the changes. [49] However, in order to demonstrate strong management skills, local authorities and state-funded organizations are using traditional tactics to increase voter participation and encouraging people to vote online and ahead-of-schedule. [50] [51] [52]

    The law that regulates nationwide voting does not mention any political agitation. Government authority has the right to inform the public, and the election committee is obliged to do so. [10] [53]

    The telephone survey by MFC (Multifunctional center for the provision of state and municipal services) on voting on amendments to the Constitution of the Russian Federation. Questions about voting and the place of voting (in Russian). 25 June 2020 (first day of voting), Petrozavodsk.

    The Opposition movement, various parties and politicians have different opinions regarding the voting: some are in its favor, some are against it (such as Open Russia and the Communist Party of the Russian Federation), [54] some have chosen to boycott the referendum (such as the Left Front, Yabloko, and PARNAS). [55] [56] According to political analyst Alexander Pozhalov and founder of Yabloko Grigory Yavlinsky, voting on the amendments will essentially become a referendum on Putin's support, and according to Yavlinsky it opens the way to his lifelong rule. [57] On 4 June, Communist Party leader Gennady Zyuganov called on his supporters to vote against the amendments. He said that "the new version of the Basic Law only strengthens the presidential dictatorship and consolidates oligarchic domination" in a statement. Furthermore, he said that the "July 1 vote is more of a ritual in nature. It does not have the status of a referendum, does not fit with the electoral law. All this once again exposes the falsity of bourgeois democracy." Zyuganov also said that the CEC organises the vote in "a legally dubious procedure" and that "there are unlimited possibilities for fraud." He said that a boycott of the vote would not do anything and that active participation is required. [58]

    A number of Russian celebrities were among the supporters of a 'yes' vote, who were sharing posts and video clips on social media. Those who have expressed their solidarity with the amendments over Instagram are mainly the ones who are promoting the online-voting. Among them are names such as Evgeni Plushenko and his wife Yana Rudkovskaya, TV hosts Olga Buzova and Kseniya Borodina, and singers Stas Mikhailov and Keti Topuria. [59]

    Various political and public figures have started the campaign "NET!” ("No!") against the constitutional amendments. Political activist Maksim Katz has been leading the campaign and strongly encouraging the voters to participate. The politician and founder of the Anti-Corruption Foundation, Alexei Navalny, called for a boycott of the referendum. [60] Journalist Yury Dud voiced his opposition against the amendments, reminding the public that in 2008 the current president was against changing the Constitution as well. [61]

    On 28 February, the head of the Central Election Commission (CEC) of Russia Ella Pamfilova announced the abolition of the scientific and expert council at the commission, explaining this with its "absolutely unacceptable" form and "absolute anachronism". According to RBK, shortly before this, a number of board members wrote a letter criticizing the upcoming vote. Former board member and editor-in-chief of Ekho Moskvy radio station Alexei Venediktov publicly opposed expanding opportunities for early and home-based voting because of the inability to observe the process, which in his opinion could lead to a "discrediting of voting results", and linked the dissolution of the council with the negative attitude of its members towards the upcoming vote. [62]

    Opinion polls

    The survey results show a large variation in turnout forecasts and the final decision on the amendments. The experts attribute the difference to several factors: the peculiarities of the questions' wording and the initial orientation towards different audiences. A part of the population expresses distrust in the polling data – a long-term trend towards a decrease in trust in the data of opinion polls. Nevertheless, the last poll of 15 June by state-run VTsIOM recorded that 83% of respondents knew the date of the all-Russian vote, 68% of respondents expressed their intention to vote, 17% did not plan to vote. [63] [64] [65]

    Date(s) conductedPollsterFor amendmentsAgainst amendmentsUndecided/unsureLeadNotes
    22–24 May 2020 Levada Center 44%32%24%12%
    22 May 2020 WCIOM 61%22%17%39%Only those planning to vote
    24–27 April 2020 Levada Center 47%31%22%16%
    24–26 April 2020 CIPKR 35%26%37%2%
    17 April 2020 WCIOM 50%26%24%24%
    2 April 2020 CIPKR 37%25%34%12%
    19–25 March 2020 Levada Center 40%34%26%6%
    19–25 March 2020 Levada Center 45%41%14%4%Sample given reworded question mentioning amendment allowing Putin to re-run in 2024
    11 March 2020 WCIOM 46%16%38%49%
    10 March 2020President Vladimir Putin supported the amendment to the Constitution to reset the terms of the President of Russia and refused to hold snap legislative election
    7 March 2020 CIPKR 29%17%52%23%
    3 March 2020 WCIOM 55%12%33%30%Only those planning to vote
    20–26 February 2020 Levada Center 25%10%37%12%
    12 February 2020 WCIOM 46%16%38%30%
    29–31 January 2020 Levada Center 72%13%15%59%

    Exit poll

    Date(s) conductedPollsterNumber of respondentsFor amendmentsAgainst amendmentsUndecided/unsureLeadNotes
    25–28 June 2020WCIOM163,10076%23.6%29.4%51.9%

    Results

    ChoiceVotes%
    For57,747,28878.56
    Against15,761,97821.44
    Total73,509,266100.00
    Valid votes73,509,26699.18
    Invalid/blank votes604,9510.82
    Total votes74,114,217100.00
    Registered voters/turnout109,190,33767.88
    Source: CEC

    By federal subject

    Turnout by federal subjects 2020 Russian constitutional vote turnout map.svg
    Turnout by federal subjects
    Margins of victory by federal subjects 2020 Russian constitutional vote margin of victory map.svg
    Margins of victory by federal subjects
    "Yes" by federal subjects Vserossiiskoe golosovanie po popravkam golosa "da".png
    "Yes" by federal subjects
    "No" by federal subjects Vserossiiskoe golosovanie po popravkam golosa net.png
    "No" by federal subjects

    The percentages below are calculated from the total of voters instead of the total of valid votes. The difference from 100% thus consist of blank and invalid votes.

    RegionYes check.svg YesX mark.svg No
    Votes%Votes%
    Flag of Adygea.svg  Adygea 236,68684.5541,04314.66
    Flag of Altai Krai.svg  Altai Krai 645,60371.91241,13226.86
    Flag of Altai Republic.svg  Altai 55,29166.1627,43332.83
    Flag of Amur Oblast.svg  Amur Oblast 258,54870.42103,72628.25
    Flag of Arkhangelsk Oblast.svg  Arkhangelsk Oblast 297,43265.78150,93533.38
    Flag of Astrakhan Oblast.svg  Astrakhan Oblast 463,86686.7368,08712.73
    Flag of Bashkortostan.svg  Bashkortostan 2,448,68588.68292,70110.60
    Flag of Belgorod Oblast.svg  Belgorod Oblast 798,63681.76170,17217.42
    Flag of Bryansk Oblast.svg  Bryansk Oblast 749,74985.81114,00913.05
    Flag of Buryatia.svg  Buryatia 329,20871.95121,20526.49
    Flag of the Chechen Republic.svg  Chechnya 712,90997.9214,1321.94
    Flag of Chelyabinsk Oblast.svg  Chelyabinsk Oblast 1,190,09769.54505,59729.55
    Flag of Chukotka.svg  Chukotka 18,14680.304,20318.60
    Flag of Chuvashia.svg  Chuvashia 426,77972.57154,35126.25
    Flag of Crimea.svg  Crimea 1,104,73090.07111,4019.08
    Flag of Dagestan.svg  Dagestan 1,352,73289.19155,29010.24
    Flag of Ingushetia.svg Ingushetia 152,99287.5018,97210.85
    Flag of Irkutsk Oblast.svg  Irkutsk Oblast 529,77064.28287,13134.84
    Flag of Ivanovo Oblast.svg  Ivanovo Oblast 390,25676.23117,84623.02
    Flag of the Jewish Autonomous Oblast.svg  Jewish Autonomous Oblast 70,21377.3019,43021.39
    Flag of Kabardino-Balkaria.svg  Kabardino-Balkaria 362,73985.5253,79512.68
    Flag of Kaliningrad Oblast.svg  Kaliningrad Oblast 334,75572.15125,34127.02
    Flag of Kalmykia.svg  Kalmykia 124,26584.0921,98614.88
    Flag of Kaluga Oblast.svg  Kaluga Oblast 338,74870.17140,00328.99
    Flag of Kamchatka Krai.svg  Kamchatka Krai 65,48561.7639,40637.16
    Flag of Karachay-Cherkessia.svg  Karachay-Cherkessia 211,16384.8037,36715.01
    Flag of Karelia.svg  Karelia 168,38970.4668,30428.58
    Flag of Kemerovo Oblast.svg  Kemerovo Oblast 1,522,15187.29209,74212.03
    Flag of Khabarovsk Krai.svg  Khabarovsk Krai 271,42162.28159,66236.64
    Flag of Khakassia.svg  Khakassia 141,38169.5259,75829.38
    Flag of Yugra.svg  Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug 487,75069.00212,43430.05
    Flag of Kirov Oblast.svg  Kirov Oblast 409,70270.89163,24728.25
    Flag of Komi.svg  Komi 221,11365.08115,32233.94
    Flag of Kostroma Oblast.svg  Kostroma Oblast 180,84667.9283,04431.19
    Flag of Krasnodar Krai.svg  Krasnodar Krai 3,219,15388.92382,71210.57
    Flag of Krasnoyarsk Krai.svg  Krasnoyarsk Krai 848,63870.10350,68728.97
    Flag of Kurgan Oblast.svg  Kurgan Oblast 276,37869.58117,29429.53
    Flag of Kursk Oblast.svg  Kursk Oblast 389,30073.92133,47125.32
    Flag of Leningrad Oblast.svg  Leningrad Oblast 817,16879.38203,83319.80
    Flag of Lipetsk Oblast.svg  Lipetsk Oblast 479,67078.56124,50920.39
    Flag of Magadan Oblast.svg  Magadan Oblast 34,03562.0320,09036.62
    Flag of Mari El.svg  Mari El 251,83175.7677,88423.43
    Flag of Mordovia.svg  Mordovia 408,38085.6065,93113.82
    Flag of Moscow, Russia.svg  Moscow 2,855,54765.291,485,96333.97
    Flag of Moscow oblast.svg  Moscow Oblast 3,488,19778.97888,79420.12
    Flag of Murmansk Oblast.svg  Murmansk Oblast 163,73562.5495,09536.33
    Flag of Nenets Autonomous District.svg  Nenets Autonomous Okrug 9,56743.7812,07455.25
    Flag of Nizhny Novgorod Region.svg  Nizhny Novgorod Oblast 1,505,62079.31382,80120.16
    Flag of North Ossetia.svg  North Ossetia 352,31482.8371,85616.89
    Flag of Novgorod Oblast.svg  Novgorod Oblast 172,99771.4466,61627.51
    Flag of Novosibirsk oblast.svg  Novosibirsk Oblast 698,85767.58323,67431.30
    Flag of Omsk Oblast.svg  Omsk Oblast 610,27862.09360,34836.66
    Flag of Orenburg Oblast.svg  Orenburg Oblast 834,40673.60286,72025.29
    Flag of Oryol Oblast.svg  Oryol Oblast 372,41179.7488,97019.05
    Flag of Penza Oblast.svg  Penza Oblast 683,24485.25114,58813.30
    Flag of Perm Krai.svg  Perm Krai 734,80270.75293,64328.27
    Flag of Primorsky Krai.svg  Primorsky Krai 723,08978.86185,62920.24
    Flag of Pskov Oblast.svg  Pskov Oblast 231,68478.6960,62620.59
    Flag of Rostov Oblast.svg  Rostov Oblast 2,099,20283.54400,45415.94
    Flag of Ryazan Oblast.svg  Ryazan Oblast 499,71678.81129,10420.36
    Flag of Saint Petersburg.svg  Saint Petersburg 2,241,96377.66624,51721.63
    Flag of Sakha.svg  Yakutia 204,43558.34142,46440.65
    Flag of Sakhalin Oblast.svg  Sakhalin Oblast 189,46674.8460,85324.06
    Flag of Samara Oblast.svg  Samara Oblast 1,346,25480.55312,25218.68
    Flag of Saratov Oblast.svg  Saratov Oblast 1,187,69782.24244,98916.96
    Flag of Sevastopol.svg  Sevastopol 183,29684.6731,65614.62
    Flag of Smolensk Oblast.svg  Smolensk Oblast 296,79271.97111,24726.98
    Flag of Stavropol Krai.svg  Stavropol Krai 1,304,63884.85213,46713.88
    Flag of Sverdlovsk Oblast.svg  Sverdlovsk Oblast 1,132,18265.99565,24232.94
    Flag of Tambov Oblast.svg  Tambov Oblast 583,97287.4180,13811.99
    Flag of Tatarstan.svg  Tatarstan 1,943,68582.81389,76516.61
    Flag of Tomsk Oblast.svg  Tomsk Oblast 223,04664.86117,23234.09
    Flag of Tula Oblast.svg  Tula Oblast 710,76583.09138,65216.21
    Flag of Tuva.svg  Tuva 175,69896.795,4262.99
    Flag of Tver Oblast.svg  Tver Oblast 410,42171.87155,40927.21
    Flag of Tyumen Oblast.svg  Tyumen Oblast 748,29085.57122,75914.04
    Flag of Udmurtia.svg  Udmurtia 455,90868.92199,12130.10
    Flag Ul'ianovskoi oblasti (2013).svg  Ulyanovsk Oblast 379,05671.16148,34627.85
    Flag of Vladimir Oblast.svg  Vladimir Oblast 419,60671.18164,02527.82
    Flag of Volgograd Oblast.svg  Volgograd Oblast 1,222,90383.39232,52415.86
    Flag of Vologda oblast.svg  Vologda Oblast 388,61571.16152,98328.01
    Flag of Voronezh Oblast.svg  Voronezh Oblast 1,070,04580.07256,30619.18
    Flag of Yamal-Nenets Autonomous District.svg  Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug 265,23789.1630,60510.29
    Flag of Yaroslavl Oblast.svg  Yaroslavl Oblast 374,05368.29168,93030.84
    Flag of Zabaykalsky Krai.svg  Zabaykalsky Krai 352,67074.92114,01024.22
    Flag goroda Baikonur.svg  Baikonur 4,28862.272,24837.00
    Russians abroad99,85268.0744,93930.64
    Source: CEC

    Results in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug

    The Nenets Autonomous Okrug was the only subject of the federation where the majority of citizens (55%) voted 'No'.

    The main reason is believed to be due to the strong disagreement by the residents of the subject of the federation to unite with Arkhangelsk Oblast. [66] [67] The interim governor of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug, Yuri Bezdudny, said: "Yes, the majority of the inhabitants of the Nenets spoke out against the Russian vote. But their voices are not against amendments, it is a reaction on the topic with the unification of the Nenets Autonomous Okrug and the Arkhangelsk Oblast. Nearly half of the district's residents spoke in favor of the amendments. Their opinion also needs to be respected. Most importantly, the elections in the Nenets Autonomous Region were fair, transparent, without violations and in compliance with all sanitary standards." [68]

    Results in the Komi Republic

    Late in the evening of 1 July, after processing 5.2% of the protocols in the Komi Republic, 68.88% of the participants voted against amendments to the Constitution, 29.93% voted in favor. However, after a few minutes, the results were reversed. The Central Election Commission specified that after processing 28.31% of the protocols 66.19% of the voters supported the constitutional amendments in the republic, 32.89% were against. CEC Chairman Ella Pamfilova explained that the cause of the error was the tiredness of the election commission members: "Well, elementary, as I was told, people were tired. The line has slipped – and that’s it, sorry". [69]

    Grigory Kablis, the former chairman of the party of the Progress Party in the Komi Republic, explained to the publication Seven by Seven that since the data of the final protocols are not entered manually, but using QR codes through the GAS Vybory system (starting in 2017 in the Komi Republic), then the operator error during data entry was excluded. Kablis suggested that after receiving at 21:00 automatically the preliminary results, which he called "very different from the average for Russia", at about 21:05 all territorial election commissions in the Komi Republic were forbidden to enter data in the GAS Vybory. Those polling stations that showed negative results were ordered to recount ballots. In general, Kablis concluded that "there was no trust in the electoral system of Russia in general and the Komi Republic in particular", he said. [70]

    Reactions

    A number of foreign leaders congratulated President Putin by phone, including President of Azerbaijan Ilham Aliyev, Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi, President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon and President of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev. [71]

    The United States said that it was "troubled by reports of Russian government efforts to manipulate the result of the recent votes on constitutional amendments." [72] The European External Action Service said that it "expect[s] all reports and allegations of irregularities, including voter coercion, multiple voting, violation of secrecy of the vote and allegations of police violence against a journalist who was present to observe, to be duly investigated." [12]

    On 19 November 2021, two members of the United States Congress introduced a resolution to end the country's recognition of Vladimir Putin as president of Russia if he remains in power after 2024. The Kremlin denounced it as an attempt to meddle in its domestic affairs. [73]

    Accusations of fraud and coercion

    Forbes and The Moscow Times discussed allegations of fraud presented by physicist Sergei Shpilkin, who alleged that 22 million votes could be fraudulent, [74] [75] and alleged similar tactics to those used in both the 2011 legislative election and 2018 presidential election, for which he previously published statistical evidence alleging fraud. [76]

    The Associated Press reported that prizes were offered as encouragement to vote, that voters with Russian passports from eastern Ukraine were bused across the border to vote, that during early voting several ballot boxes were unattended at night, and that in Moscow, some journalists and activists said they were able to cast their ballots both online and in person in a bid to show the lack of safeguards against manipulations. [77]

    Golos, an independent Russian election watchdog, claimed that the electoral process was "rigged from the start" and "unfairly skewed by a noisy one-sided propaganda campaign." [18]

    The New York Times reported that employees at state-funded libraries in St. Petersburg complained that they had been ordered by their institutions to vote and on which day. The newspaper also suggested that "a long propaganda campaign preceded the referendum", and that public discourse focused mainly on the patriotic elements of the bill, such as remembering the war dead of World War II, enshrining the Russian language, and pension protection. The controversial elements, such as the zeroing of Putin's previous terms and a weakening of judicial independence, saw almost no mention in official messaging or public discourse. [18] [ not specific enough to verify ]

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">President of Russia</span> Head of state of Russia

    The President of the Russian Federation is the executive head of state of Russia. The president is the chair of the Federal State Council and the supreme commander-in-chief of the Russian Armed Forces. It is the highest office in Russia.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Prime Minister of Russia</span> Head of government of Russia

    The chairman of the government of the Russian Federation, also informally known as the prime minister, is the head of government of Russia and the second highest ranking political office in Russia. Although the post dates back to 1905, its current form was established on 12 December 1993 following the introduction of a new constitution.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitution of Russia</span> Principles, institutions and law of political governance in Russia

    The Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993. The last reform was in 2020, see 2020 amendments to the Constitution of Russia.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Shalinsky District</span> Index of articles associated with the same name

    Shalinsky District is the name of several administrative and municipal districts in Russia:

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Gudermes</span> Town in Chechnya, Russia

    Gudermes is a town in the Chechen Republic, Russia, located on the Sunzha River 36 kilometers (22 mi) east of Grozny, the republic's capital. Population: 64,376 (2021 Census); 45,631 (2010 Census); 33,756 (2002 Census); 38,089 (1989 Soviet census); 32,000 (1970).

    The amendments of 2008, which were proposed in November 2008 and came into force on 31 December 2008, were the first substantial amendments to the Constitution of Russia of 1993. The amendments extended the terms of the President of Russia and the State Duma from four to six and five years.

    Russia does not recognize same-sex marriage or civil unions. Since 2020, the Russian Constitution has explicitly outlawed same-sex marriage. The Family Code of Russia also contains provisions forbidding same-sex marriages, which the Constitutional Court upheld as constitutional in 2006. Opinion polls have shown a decline in support for same-sex marriage in Russia. This declining trend has been attributed to anti-gay state propaganda, the 2013 gay propaganda law in particular, and growing anti-Western and traditionalist sentiment in Russia under Vladimir Putin.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Constitutional Conference of Russia</span>

    The Constitutional Conference of the Russian Federation was a consultative institution of representatives of government bodies, local authorities and public organizations, convened by the order of the Russian President Boris Yeltsin in 1993 to complete the preparation of an alternative draft of Constitution of the Russian Federation.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">7th State Duma</span> Former convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament

    The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 7th convocation is a former convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2021 Russian legislative election</span>

    Legislative elections were held in Russia from 17 to 19 September 2021. At stake were 450 seats in the 8th convocation of the State Duma, the lower house of the Federal Assembly. Going into the elections, United Russia was the ruling party after winning the 2016 elections with 343 of the 450 seats, and retaining a supermajority. In March 2020, it was proposed to hold a snap election in September 2020 due to proposed constitutional reforms, but this idea was abandoned. On 18 June 2021, Vladimir Putin signed a decree calling the election for 19 September the same year. Owing to the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia, voting in the election lasted for three days, from 17 to 19 September. Final turnout was reported to be 51.72%.

    Events in the year 2020 in the Russian Federation.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2020 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly</span> 2020 speech by Vladimir Putin

    The 2020 Presidential Address to the Federal Assembly was given by the President of Russia, Vladimir Putin, on Wednesday, January 15, 2020, in the Moscow Manege.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Mikhail Mishustin's First Cabinet</span> Government of Russia; (2020–2024)

    The Mikhail Mishustin's First Cabinet was the federal government of Russia from 2020 to 2024, led by Prime Minister Mikhail Mishustin.

    The amendments of 2020, which were proposed in January 2020, are the second substantial amendments to the Constitution of Russia of 1993. To introduce these amendments, Vladimir Putin, president of Russia, held a national vote. They were approved on 1 July by a popular vote.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Valery Falkov</span> Russian jurist and politician

    Valery Nikolayevich Falkov is a Russian jurist and politician who is serving from 21 January 2020 as the Minister of Science and Higher Education of Russia. Prior to that he was the rector of Tyumen State University.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on politics in Russia</span>

    This article is about the political impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in Russia.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Belarusian constitutional referendum</span> Constitutional referendum in Belarus

    A constitutional referendum was held in Belarus on 27 February 2022. The referendum was ordered by President Alexander Lukashenko in January 2022. According to political analysts, changes to the Belarusian constitution were intended to solidify the power of Lukashenko's regime after the mass protests in 2020 and 2021, which challenged his rule and was brutally suppressed by police. More than 35,000 people were arrested, 1,070 of whom are acknowledged political prisoners. The changes to the Constitution allow Lukashenko to remain in office until 2035 and empower the All-Belarusian People's Assembly, an extra-parliamentary body dominated by government supporters. The changes also renounced Belarus's nuclear-free zone status, allowing Belarus to host nuclear weapons for the first time since the fall of the Soviet Union; the lead-up to the referendum occurred as Russia amassed its troops in both Russia and Belarus in the prelude to the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and the election itself was held several days after Russia began its military offensive into Ukraine.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">8th State Duma</span> Convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament

    The State Duma of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation of the 8th convocation is the current convocation of the lower house of Russian parliament.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">Sardana Avksentyeva</span> Russian politician (born 1970)

    Sardana Vladimirovna Avksentyeva is a Russian politician, who served as the mayor of Yakutsk, the capital of the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) from 2018 to 2021.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2022 Kazakh constitutional referendum</span> Republican referendum in Kazakhstan

    A constitutional referendum in Kazakhstan, locally called the Republican referendum, was held on 5 June 2022. It was the third referendum since Kazakhstan's independence in 1991, and the first since the 1995 referendum that established the current constitution. The amendments followed violent civil unrest in early January caused by worsening economic conditions and subsequent calls for rapid political reform. The referendum changed 33 of the document's 98 articles. Political commentators assessed that amendments would lessen the influence of the executive branch, grant more powers to the Parliament, and eliminate the powers that former president Nursultan Nazarbayev had retained after resigning from office in 2019.

    References

    1. ↑ Kolomychenko, Maria (12 June 2020). "'Look after yourself – vote electronically!' Moscow's civil servants report being forced to register for online voting ahead of Russia's constitutional plebiscite". Meduza . Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 14 June 2020.
    2. ↑ Korsunskaya, Darya; Tétrault-Farber, Gabrielle (1 June 2020). "Russia to vote on July 1 on reforms that could extend Putin's rule". Reuters . Archived from the original on 10 June 2020. Retrieved 1 June 2020.
    3. ↑ "Путин предложил провести 'всенародное голосование' по пакету поправок в Конституцию". Interfax (in Russian). 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
    4. 1 2 3 "Законопроект №885214-7" (in Russian). State Duma. Archived from the original on 26 June 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    5. ↑ "Russian voters back referendum banning same-sex marriage". NBC News. 2 July 2020. Archived from the original on 9 July 2020. Retrieved 8 July 2020.
    6. ↑ "Путин объявил о переносе голосования по Конституции". Moskovskij Komsomolets (in Russian). 25 March 2020. Archived from the original on 1 May 2020. Retrieved 25 March 2020.
    7. ↑ "Politics and pandemics". The Economist . 13 March 2020. Archived from the original on 2 April 2020. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
    8. ↑ Arnholz, Jack (27 February 2020). "Russia announces date for referendum that could extend Putin's rule". United States: ABC News. Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    9. ↑ "В России 1 июля объявят выходным". RBC (in Russian). 1 June 2020. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Lyubarev, Arkady; Sargsyan, Daria (17 June 2020). "Если вы собираетесь участвовать в голосовании по Конституции, у вас наверняка много вопросов. Отвечаем на главные из них". Meduza (in Russian). Archived from the original on 18 June 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    11. ↑ "Указ об определении даты проведения общероссийского голосования по вопросу одобрения изменений в Конституцию Российской Федерации". President of Russia (in Russian). 1 June 2020. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    12. 1 2 "Russia: Statement by the Spokesperson on the nationwide voting on constitutional amendments". EEAS . 2 July 2020. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
    13. ↑ Partlett, William (2020). "Russia's 2020 Constitutional Amendments: A Comparative Analysis". Cambridge Yearbook of European Legal Studies. 23: 311–342. doi:10.1017/cel.2021.7. hdl: 11343/297120 . ISSN   1528-8870. S2CID   240008658.
    14. ↑ Mukhametshina, Elena (19 December 2019). "Зачем Путин заговорил об изменении Конституции. Мнения политологов". Vedomosti (in Russian). Archived from the original on 25 January 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
    15. 1 2 "Путин предложил изменить Конституцию". Kommersant (in Russian). 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 27 May 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
    16. ↑ Klyuchevskaya, Natalya (15 January 2020). "Планируемые поправки в Конституцию РФ: президентские предложения". Garant (in Russian). Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
    17. ↑ "Владимир Путин предложил вынести на обсуждение ряд поправок в Конституцию". NTV (in Russian). 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 7 March 2020. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
    18. 1 2 3 Higgins, Andrew (1 July 2020). "The Theatrical Method in Putin's Vote Madness". The New York Times . ISSN   0362-4331. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
    19. 1 2 Kartsev, Dmitry; Dmitriev, Denis (13 December 2020). "Можно ли избираться в президенты больше двух сроков подряд? Конституцию собираются менять?". Meduza (in Russian). Archived from the original on 24 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
    20. ↑ Balmforth, Tom (13 March 2020). "First woman in space brought down to earth by anger over bid to prolong Putin rule". Reuters . Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    21. ↑ "Working group set up to draft proposals for amending the Constitution". President of Russia. 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 20 January 2020.
    22. ↑ "Рабочая группа назвала требующие корректировки статьи Конституции". RBC (in Russian). 20 January 2020. Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    23. ↑ "Law on amendment to Russian Federation Constitution". President of Russia. 14 March 2020. Archived from the original on 25 January 2021. Retrieved 15 March 2020.
    24. ↑ "Полный текст поправок в Конституцию: что меняется?" (in Russian). State Duma. 14 March 2020. Archived from the original on 10 April 2020. Retrieved 2 June 2020.
    25. ↑ Kramer, Andrew E. (3 March 2020). "Putin Proposes Constitutional Ban on Gay Marriage". The New York Times . Archived from the original on 18 January 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
    26. ↑ Roth, Andrew (2 March 2020). "Putin submits plans for constitutional ban on same-sex marriage". The Guardian . Archived from the original on 2 January 2021. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
    27. ↑ "Putin Proposes to Enshrine God, Heterosexual Marriage in Constitution". The Moscow Times . 2 March 2020. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
    28. ↑ "Parliament speaker calls for preserving Russian language as national heritage". TASS . 6 June 2020. Archived from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
    29. ↑ Dixon, Robyn (21 June 2020). "Russia uses prizes and patriotism to push vote to change constitution. There's scant mention of the real goal: keeping Putin in power" . The Washington Post . Moscow. Archived from the original on 11 January 2021. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
    30. ↑ "Какова процедура внесения поправок в Конституцию России". Kommersant (in Russian). 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    31. ↑ Kamyshev, Dmitry (15 January 2020). "Как изменить Конституцию в обход конституционной нормы". Vedomosti (in Russian). Archived from the original on 19 January 2020. Retrieved 5 March 2020.
    32. ↑ "Как менялась действующая Конституция России". TASS (in Russian). 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 22 January 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    33. ↑ "Putin proposes national referendum on Russian Constitutional amendments". Meduza . 15 January 2020. Archived from the original on 25 March 2020. Retrieved 10 March 2020.
    34. ↑ "What Changes is Putin Planning for Russia's Constitution?". The Moscow Times . 16 January 2020. Archived from the original on 22 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
    35. ↑ "Putin submits bill on constitutional amendments to State Duma". TASS . 20 January 2020. Archived from the original on 14 July 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    36. ↑ "Putin submits constitutional amendment to Duma authorizing president to form State Council". TASS . 20 January 2020. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
    37. 1 2 "No referendum required to amend Russia's Constitution – rights advocate". RAPSI. 17 January 2020. Archived from the original on 20 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
    38. ↑ Dmitriev, Denis (15 January 2020). "Putin wants to give Russian law priority over international law without an entirely new constitution. Technically, that's not legally possible". Meduza . Archived from the original on 28 October 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    39. ↑ Malpas, Anna; Smolchenko, Anna (20 January 2020). "Putin sends political plan to MPs in quick-fire Russia reform push". Yahoo! News . Agence France-Presse. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
    40. ↑ "Public vote on constitutional amendments will be held on the law as a whole – official". TASS . 20 January 2020. Archived from the original on 21 January 2020. Retrieved 21 January 2020.
    41. ↑ "Дата голосования больше не одна". Kommersant (in Russian). 29 May 2020. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
    42. 1 2 "ЦИК утвердил порядок дистанционного электронного голосования по конституции". TASS (in Russian). 4 June 2020. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
    43. ↑ "Субъекты электронного голосования". Kommersant (in Russian). 5 June 2020. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
    44. ↑ "Голосовать онлайн по конституции москвичи смогут только с аккаунтов, созданных до 5 июня". TASS (in Russian). 17 June 2020. Archived from the original on 17 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
    45. ↑ "ЦИК утвердил порядок электронного голосования по поправкам в Конституцию в Москве и Нижегородской области". Novaya Gazeta (in Russian). 4 June 2020. Archived from the original on 4 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
    46. ↑ "ЦИК утвердил новый порядок общероссийского голосования по конституции". TASS (in Russian). 2 June 2020. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020.
    47. ↑ "ЦИК отстранил журналистов от наблюдения за подсчетом голосов за поправки в Конституцию". Novaya Gazeta (in Russian). 4 June 2020. Archived from the original on 28 June 2020.
    48. ↑ "Ни дня без явки". Kommersant (in Russian). 17 June 2020. Archived from the original on 19 June 2020. Retrieved 19 June 2020.
    49. ↑ Pertsev, Andrey (29 May 2020). "Кремль хочет, чтобы в голосовании за Конституцию приняли участие 55% избирателей". Meduza (in Russian). Archived from the original on 16 June 2020. Retrieved 18 June 2020.
    50. ↑ Lukyanova, Irina (13 June 2020). "'Коллеги, регистрируемся, скриншот в личку!' Учителей в Москве заставляют голосовать – почему они молчат?". Novaya Gazeta (in Russian). Archived from the original on 30 June 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
    51. ↑ "Петербуржцы пожаловались в ЦИК на принуждение к голосованию по Конституции". Delovoy Peterburg (in Russian). 16 June 2020. Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
    52. ↑ Korelina, Olga (16 June 2020). "Навальный выложил отчеты о бюджетниках, которые записались на голосование по Конституции. Их составляет мэрия Москвы". Meduza (in Russian). Archived from the original on 1 July 2020. Retrieved 30 June 2020.
    53. ↑ "ЦИК заявил о невозможности агитации за и против поправок в Конституцию". Vedomosti (in Russian). 2 June 2020. Archived from the original on 24 June 2020.
    54. ↑ "КПРФ начала агитацию против поправок к Конституции". Meduza (in Russian). 5 June 2020. Archived from the original on 5 June 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
    55. ↑ Yavlinsky, Grigory (8 June 2020). "О принципиальной неприемлемости голосования по путинским поправкам в Конституцию" (in Russian). Yabloko. Archived from the original on 11 March 2022. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
    56. ↑ "В ПАРНАС призвали граждан не участвовать в голосовании по поправкам в Конституцию". People's Freedom Party (in Russian). 26 May 2020. Archived from the original on 8 June 2020. Retrieved 8 June 2020.
    57. ↑ "Голосование по Конституции станет "референдумом" о новом сроке Путина". RBC (in Russian). 10 March 2020. Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    58. ↑ "Усиливает президентский диктат". Znak (in Russian). 4 June 2020. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 5 June 2020.
    59. ↑ "За пост предлагали миллион рублей". Znak (in Russian). 18 June 2020. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
    60. ↑ "Дебаты Навального и Каца о тактике оппозиции на всенародном голосовании. Коротко". Znak (in Russian). 15 June 2020. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 16 June 2020.
    61. ↑ "Все это – очень плохо, но лучше всех это объяснил сам Владимир Путин". Znak (in Russian). 19 June 2020. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
    62. ↑ Malyarenko, Evgenia (28 February 2020). "Глава ЦИК распустила экспертный совет после его критики голосования по Конституции". Open Media (in Russian). Archived from the original on 28 February 2020. Retrieved 5 July 2020.
    63. ↑ Mukhametshina, Elena (1 April 2020). "Почти половина россиян готовы оставить Путина у власти навсегда". Vedomosti (in Russian). Archived from the original on 21 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
    64. ↑ "ВЦИОМ: почти 70% россиян готовы участвовать в голосовании по Конституции". Vedomosti (in Russian). 18 June 2020. Archived from the original on 23 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
    65. ↑ "ВЦИОМ узнал уровень информированности россиян о голосовании по поправкам". RAPSI (in Russian). 18 June 2020. Archived from the original on 22 June 2020. Retrieved 29 June 2020.
    66. ↑ "Ненецкий автономный округ стал единственным регионом, проголосовавшим против поправок в Конституцию". NEWSru (in Russian). 2 July 2020. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
    67. ↑ Ivanova, Polina (2 July 2020). "One sole Russian region says 'nyet' to Putin, defying the Kremlin". Reuters . Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
    68. ↑ "Глава Ненецкого округа объяснил голосование его жителей против поправок". RBC (in Russian). 2 July 2020. Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
    69. ↑ "Памфилова назвала технической ошибкой изменение результатов голосования в Коми". TV Rain . 2 July 2020. Archived from the original on 10 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
    70. ↑ "70% против поправок: как получились такие результаты". 7x7. 3 July 2020. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 10 July 2020.
    71. ↑ "Foreign leaders congratulate Putin on voting results over the phone". TASS . 2 July 2020. Archived from the original on 4 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
    72. ↑ "US troubled by reports of possible irregularities in Russia's constitutional vote". TASS . 2 July 2020. Archived from the original on 9 December 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
    73. ↑ "Kremlin Slams U.S. Bid Not to Recognize 'Autocrat' Vladimir Putin as President after 2024". Newsweek . 19 November 2021. Archived from the original on 19 November 2021.
    74. ↑ "Data Scientist Claims 'Staggering' Fraud at Russia's Constitution Vote". The Moscow Times . 3 July 2020. Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
    75. ↑ Tairov, Rinat (3 July 2020). "'Такого масштаба манипуляций в прошлом не было': эксперт заявил о 22 млн 'аномалий' на голосовании по Конституции". Forbes (in Russian). Archived from the original on 3 July 2020. Retrieved 3 July 2020.
    76. ↑ Kobak, Dmitry; Shpilkin, Sergey; Pshenichnikov, Maxim S. (May 2012). "Statistical anomalies in 2011-2012 Russian elections revealed by 2D correlation analysis". arXiv: 1205.0741v2 [physics.soc-ph].
    77. ↑ Isachenkov, Vladimir; Litvinova, Daria (1 July 2020). "Russians Voters Agree to Extend President Putin's Rule Until 2036". TIME . Archived from the original on 2 July 2020. Retrieved 4 July 2020– via Associated Press.
    This page is based on this Wikipedia article
    Text is available under the CC BY-SA 4.0 license; additional terms may apply.
    Images, videos and audio are available under their respective licenses.