The politics of Mongolia takes place in a framework of a parliamentary system with a multi-party representative democracy. While some sources have incorrectly described Mongolia as a semi-presidential system, its 1992 Constitution clearly defines it as a parliamentary republic.
Natsagiin Bagabandi is a Mongolian politician who served as the 2nd President of Mongolia from 1997 to 2005. He won the 1997 presidential election and subsequently the 2001 presidential election, serving a total of two terms. Prior to running for president, he served as the Chairman of the State Great Khural from 1992 to 1996 and the Secretary General of the Party Leadership Council of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from February to June 1997.
The Mongolian People's Party (MPP) is a social democratic political party in Mongolia. It was founded as a communist party in 1920 by Mongolian revolutionaries and is the oldest political party in Mongolia.
Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat is a Mongolian political figure and a current member of the Constitutional Court of Mongolia. He served as a president of Mongolia from 1990 to 1997 first as Chairman of the Presidium of the People's Great Khural in 1990 then, as the President of the Mongolia from 1990 to 1997, he is the first President of Mongolia to be elected by direct popular vote.
The Mongolian Republican Party, usually shortened to simply the Republican Party, is a political party in Mongolia founded in the early 1990s with a conservative ideology.
The State Great Khural is the unicameral parliament of Mongolia, located in the Government Palace.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia in 1990. The State Great Khural was elected on 22 June 1990, with a second round on 29 June, at which time the Little Khural, the new second chamber, was also elected.
Mongolia–Russia relations have been traditionally strong since the Communist era, when the Soviet Union supported the Mongolian People's Republic. Mongolia and Russia remain allies in the post-communist era. Russia has an embassy in Ulaanbaatar and two consulates general. Mongolia has an embassy in Moscow, three consulates general, and a branch in Yekaterinburg. Both countries are full members of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 2 July 2000. The result was a victory for the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, which won 72 of the 76 seats in the State Great Khural. Voter turnout was 82%.
Dogsomyn Ganbold was a member of the Mongolian Parliament who was unsuccessfully put forward by President Natsagiin Bagabandi as a possible Prime Minister in opposition to Davaadorjiin Ganbold in the summer of 1998. Eventually the Democratic Alliance managed to convince President Bagabandi to approve their new candidate Rinchinnyamyn Amarjargal as Prime Minister.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 19 June 1977. At the time, the country was a one-party state under the rule of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The MPRP won 328 of the 354 seats, with the remaining 26 seats going to non-party candidates, who had been chosen by the MPRP due to their social status. Voter turnout was reported to be 100%, with only one of the 694,855 registered voters failing to cast a ballot.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 21 June 1981. At the time, the country was a one-party state under the rule of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party. The MPRP won 344 of the 370 seats, with the remaining 26 seats going to non-party candidates, who had been chosen by the MPRP due to their social status. Voter turnout was reported to be 100%, with only five of the 792,896 registered voters failing to cast a ballot.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 30 June 1996. The result was a victory for the Democratic Union Coalition, which won 50 of the 76 seats in the State Great Khural. Voter turnout was 92%.
Parliamentary elections were held in Mongolia on 28 June 1992, the first to be held after the adoption of the 1992 constitution. The result was a victory for the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP), which won 70 of the 76 seats in the State Great Khural. Voter turnout was 96%.
Presidential elections were held in Mongolia on 6 June 1993, the first time a head of state had been democratically elected in a competitive election. The two candidates were incumbent president Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat and Londongiin Tüdev, a renowned writer, editor and prominent political figure. Ochirbat had been elected president of the Mongolian People's Republic by the People's Grand Khural in the aftermath of the 1990 revolution and was nominated as a candidate by a coalition between the Mongolian Social Democratic Party (MSDP) and the Mongolian National Democratic Party (MNDP). Tüdev was nominated as candidate by the ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP).
Presidential elections were held in Mongolia on 20 May 2001. The result was a victory for incumbent Natsagiin Bagabandi, who received 59% of the vote. Voter turnout was 83%.
An independence referendum was held in the Mongolian People's Republic on 20 October 1945. It was approved by 100% of voters, with no votes against, according to official statistics. Voter turnout was 98%.
Büdragchaagiin Dash-Yondon is a Mongolian politician and teacher of history and philosophy. He was the leader of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party from 1991 to 1996, as its Chairman from 1991 to 1992 then as Secretary General from 1992 to 1996.
Dieter Nohlen is a German academic and political scientist. He currently holds the position of Emeritus Professor of Political Science in the Faculty of Economic and Social Sciences of the University of Heidelberg. An expert on electoral systems and political development, he has published several books.
The nations of Mexico and Mongolia established diplomatic relations in 1975. Both nations are members of the Forum of East Asia–Latin America Cooperation and the United Nations.
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