21st Century Schizoid Man

"21st Century Schizoid Man"
UK single release
Song by King Crimson
from the album In the Court of the Crimson King
A-side	"Epitaph"
Released	10 October 1969 (1969-10-10) (album) 1976 (B-side)
Recorded	1, 20–21 August 1969
Genre	Progressive rock jazz rock heavy metal
Length	7:24
Label	Island
Composer(s)	Robert Fripp Greg Lake Ian McDonald Michael Giles
Lyricist(s)	Peter Sinfield
Producer(s)	King Crimson

"21st Century Schizoid Man" is a song by the progressive rock band King Crimson, released in October 1969 as the opening track on their debut album In the Court of the Crimson King . Often regarded as the group's signature song, it has been described by Rolling Stone as "a seven-and-a-half-minute statement of purpose: rock power, jazz spontaneity, and classical precision harnessed in the service of a common aim" and as an early example of heavy metal. ^[1]

Lyrical content

The lyrics of "21st Century Schizoid Man" were written by Peter Sinfield and consist chiefly of disconnected phrases which present a series of images in a fixed pattern. The first line of each verse consists of two short phrases, while the second line is a single, more specific image, and the third is a longer phrase or a full sentence. The fourth and last line of each verse is the song's title. ^[1]

The song criticizes the Vietnam War with the lyrics "Politicians' funeral pyre/Innocents raped with napalm fire" and "death seed", which according to Sinfield refers to a "harvest of bad things" created by the use of Agent Orange. The line "Cat's foot, iron claw" refers to the French fable "The Monkey and the Cat". ^[1]

Before a live performance of the song on 14 December 1969 (later included on the live album Epitaph ), guitarist Robert Fripp sarcastically remarked that the song was dedicated to then-Vice President of the United States Spiro Agnew, "an American political personality whom we all know and love dearly." ^{[2] [3]}

Musical structure

The eerie intro sound was created by woodwind and keyboard player Ian McDonald pressing his forearm onto the keys of the studio's bellows-driven reed organ, causing the instrument to malfunction and "wheeze" unpredictably. ^[1]

The song proper begins with a heavy adagio C minor hexatonic riff in 4/4 played in unison by McDonald on alto saxophone and Robert Fripp on overdriven electric guitar, over a pedal point bass from Greg Lake, until the last three notes, which the bass follows. The first six notes were composed by Lake and the final three longer ones - mostly played as power chords - were added by McDonald. The riff is interspersed with heavily distorted vocals, sung by Lake, accompanied only by staccato C minor seventh chords from Fripp. After two verses the song transitions, via an accelerando on the repeated final three power chords of the riff, into a lengthy allegro instrumental middle section in 6/4 called "Mirrors". ^{[1] [4]}

"Mirrors" begins with an alternately rising and falling theme written by Fripp, with saxophone and guitar still playing in unison, before moving into a second section written by McDonald during his army band days called "Three Score and Four", which features an upbeat jazz saxophone riff overlaid with long, sustained guitar notes. ^[1]

Next comes Robert Fripp's dissonant and almost atonal guitar solo, which was rated number 82 in Guitar World 's list of the "Top 100 Greatest Guitar Solos" in 2008. ^{[5] [6]} Louder Sound ranked the solo at No. 56 in its "100 greatest guitar solos in rock" poll in 2018. ^[7] It is followed by an even more dissonant and atonal saxophone solo from Ian McDonald, created by mixing two solos together. ^[1]

After a reprise of "Three Score and Four", the song transitions immediately into a "start-stop" section written by Fripp consisting of sixteenth-note lines played by the guitar and saxophone in unison once again, accompanied by snare drum and pedal point bass guitar. Fripp explained to Guitar Player magazine in 1974: "It's all picked down-up. The basis of the picking technique is to strike down on the on-beat and up on the off-beat. Then one must learn to reverse that. I'll generally use a downstroke on the down-beat except where I wish to accent a phrase in a particular way or create a certain kind of tension by confusing accents, in which case I might begin a run on the upstroke." ^[8]

After a reprise of the main riff and a final verse, the song concludes with an abstract chaotic outro with no discernible meter, inspired by the Duke Ellington Orchestra. ^[1]

Reception and legacy

Melody Maker wrote in a 1969 review that the song was "brutally exciting" and contributed to the "tremendous impact" of In the Court of the Crimson King. ^[9] In 2006, Pitchfork ranked "21st Century Schizoid Man" at number 104 on its list of "The 200 Greatest Songs of the 1960s", with Joe Tangari calling it a "seven-minute hellstorm of gonzo guitar, shifting meters, and nasty sax". ^[10]

The song has been described as heavy metal, ^{[11] [12]} jazz-rock and progressive rock, ^[13] and is considered to be an influence on the later development of progressive metal and industrial music. ^{[14] [15]}

Bad Religion's 1990 song 21st Century (Digital Boy) pays homage to "21st Century Schizoid Man", both in the title and by incorporating some words from the original song.

Sampling controversy

American rapper Kanye West sampled "21st Century Schizoid Man" on the song "Power" from his 2010 album My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy . ^[16] Declan Colgan Music Ltd, the owners of the mechanical licence for "21st Century Schizoid Man", sued Universal Music Group in 2022, alleging that West had originally sampled the song without a licence and that Universal thus owed them unpaid royalties. ^[17] The case was settled in May 2024. ^[18]

Personnel

• Robert Fripp – electric guitar
• Greg Lake – bass guitar, vocals
• Ian McDonald – alto saxophone
• Michael Giles – drums
• Peter Sinfield – lyrics

See also

• List of anti-war songs

References

• Buckley, Peter (2003). The Rough Guide to Rock . London: Rough Guides. ISBN   1-85828-201-2.

Notes

1. Shteamer, Hank (1 October 2019). "King Crimson's '21st Century Schizoid Man': Inside Prog's Big Bang". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 7 February 2021.
2. Shteamer, Hank (1 October 2019). "King Crimson's '21st Century Schizoid Man': 50 Years in the Life of a Gamechanging Song". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 20 September 2021.
3. King Crimson - Travel Weary Capricorn/Mars [50th Anniversary | Epitaph 1996] on YouTube
4. Keeling, Andrew. "King Crimson: In The Court Of The Crimson King; An Analysis by Andrew Keeling". Soup Song on Sea. Retrieved 10 January 2025.
5. Huey, Steve. "King Crimson – 21st Century Schizoid Man/Mirrors". AllMusic. Retrieved 10 September 2021. There follows an extended solo by guitarist Robert Fripp, who uses different amplification effects and plays sharply angled, almost atonal melody lines, creating dissonance and texture instead of simply displaying his technique.
6. "100 Greatest Guitar Solos: 51–100". Guitar World.
7. "The 100 greatest guitar solos in rock". Classic Rock . 28 September 2018. p. 5. Retrieved 19 November 2018.
8. Fripp, Robert (May 1974). "King Crimson's Robert Fripp". Guitar Player (Interview). Interviewed by Steve Rosen.
9. "King Crimson: In the Court of the Crimson King" (PDF). Melody Maker . 25 October 1969. p. 29. Retrieved 15 December 2024– via World Radio History.
10. "The 200 Best Songs of the 1960s". Pitchfork . 2006-08-18. Retrieved 2023-12-08.
11. Fricke, David. ""King Crimson: The Power To Believe : Music Reviews : Rolling Stone"". Rolling Stone . Archived from the original on April 25, 2009. Retrieved November 2, 2009.. web.archive.org. Archived from the original.
12. Buckley 2003, p. 477, "Opening with the cataclysmic heavy-metal of '21st Century Schizoid Man', and closing with the cathedral-sized title track..."
13. Unterberger, Richie. "I Talk to the Wind – King Crimson". AllMusic . Retrieved 2 March 2019. Coming right after the assaultive jazz-prog rock of '21st Century Schizoid Man'.
14. Harrington, Richard (1992-03-20). "King Crimson: Reign Of Wagnerian Rock". Washington Post. Retrieved 2022-07-27.
15. Rivadavia, Eduardo (6 June 2018). "The Roots of Progressive Metal in 11 Songs". Loudwire . Retrieved 2 March 2019.
16. Daniel Kreps (28 May 2010). "Kanye West Samples King Crimson on Raging New Track Power | Music News". Rolling Stone. Retrieved 29 June 2012.
17. Yossman, K.J. (26 April 2022). "Kanye West's King Crimson Sample in 'Power' Sparks Lawsuit Against Universal Music". Variety.
18. Yossman, K. J. (2024-05-14). "Lawsuit Over Kanye West's King Crimson Sample in 2010 Track 'Power' Settles Ahead of Trial". Variety. Retrieved 2024-11-15.

External links

• 21st Century Schizoid Man at Discogs (list of releases)