3C 323.1

Last updated
3C 323.1
Image of quasar 3C 323.1.png
SDSS image of 3C 323.1.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Constellation Serpens
Right ascension 15h 47m 43.53s [1]
Declination +20° 52′ 16.61″ [1]
Redshift 0.264300 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 79,235 km/s [1]
Distance 3.187 Gly
Apparent magnitude  (V)16.69
Apparent magnitude  (B)16.80
Characteristics
Type RLQ; AGN BLO [1]
Size123.03 kiloparsecs (401,300 light-years)
(diameter; 2MASS K-band total isophote) [1]
Other designations
4C +21.45, 2MASX J15474353+2052167, PKS 1545+21, PG 1545+210, LEDA 2819699, RBS 1530, 7C 1545+2101, OR +276, NRAO 483, CoNFIG 229 [1]

3C 323.1 known as PG 1545+210, is a quasar located in the constellation of Serpens. The redshift of the object is (z) 0.264 [1] based on its absorption line features [2] and it was first discovered as an astronomical radio source from the Third Cambridge Survey of Radio Sources in May 1966. [3] It is described as radio-loud. [4]

Contents

Description

3C 323.1 is a nearby radio-loud quasar. [5] Its host is a reddened low-surface brightness elliptical galaxy according to Hubble Space Telescope imaging with nearby galaxy companion located seven kiloparsecs from it. [6] [7] The nucleus of the galaxy is described as luminous with diffraction spikes produced through near-infrared imaging. [8] Further evidence also showed the quasar is a member of a rich compact galaxy cluster, Zw CL 1545.1+2104; being located on the outskirts from it. [9] [10] [5]

The spectrum of 3C 323.1 displays strong Balmer emission lines, being centered together along with narrow forbidden lines representing of doubly ionized oxygen and neon ions. Optical spectroscopy imaging also showed there is another companion 2.1 arcseconds away, interpreted as a nucleus remnant of a galaxy, about to fully merge together with the quasar host galaxy. [11] There is also an extended emission line region (EELR) present in 3C 323.1 in southeast to west direction across its core with a further extension out by 21 kiloparsecs towards east at the position angle of 105° and in a perpendicular direction to the axis of its radio source by 10 kiloparsecs. [5]

The radio source of 3C 323.1 is found as a triple with a bright northeastern radio component located closer to the quasar and a off-axis tail located in another component. [10] Other observations made with Chandra X-ray Observatory, found the morphology of the source is classified as Fanaroff-Riley class Type 2 with absence of hotspots and signs of diffused radio emission round the bright nucleus detected in X-rays. [12] Very Large Array detected an asymmetrical source with a northeastern radio lobe positioned near to its radio core compared to the southwestern radio lobe. [13] A jet is seen entering the lobe on the southern side. [14]

3C 323.1 shows strong evidence of optical photometric and polarimetric variability. Based on observations, most of the polarization of the object is mainly confined within a continuum emission region with its flux spectra displaying signs of a broad absorption feature described timely-variable in Balmer continuum. Additionally, there is also weak flux variability over a four to six time-scale with extreme correlated variability flux in V-band frequencies. [15] A supermassive black hole mass of 9.29 Mʘ has been calculated for the quasar. [16]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "NED search results for 3C 323.1". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-08-17.
  2. ↑ Canalizo, Gabriela; Stockton, Alan (May 1997). "Spectroscopy of Close Companions to Quasi-Stellar Objects and the Ages of Interaction-Induced Starbursts". The Astrophysical Journal. 480 (1): L5 –L8. arXiv: astro-ph/9702204 . Bibcode:1997ApJ...480L...5C. doi:10.1086/310608. ISSN   0004-637X.
  3. ↑ Wyndham, J. D. (May 1966). "Optical Identification of Radio Sources in the 3c Revised Catalogue". The Astrophysical Journal. 144: 459. Bibcode:1966ApJ...144..459W. doi:10.1086/148526. ISSN   0004-637X.
  4. ↑ Bogers, W. J.; Hes, R.; Barthel, P. D.; Zensus, J. A. (May 1994). "High resolution radio observations of intermediate redshift quasars and radio galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 105: 91–113. ISSN   0365-0138.
  5. 1 2 3 Crawford, C. S.; Vanderriest, C. (2000-07-01). "Optical integral field spectroscopy of the extended line emission around six radio-loud quasars". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 315 (3): 433–449. arXiv: astro-ph/9912306 . Bibcode:2000MNRAS.315..433C. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-8711.2000.03290.x . ISSN   0035-8711.
  6. ↑ Bahcall, John N.; Kirhakos, Sofia; Saxe, David H.; Schneider, Donald P. (1997-04-20). "Hubble Space Telescope Images of a Sample of 20 Nearby Luminous Quasars". The Astrophysical Journal. 479 (2): 642–658. arXiv: astro-ph/9611163 . Bibcode:1997ApJ...479..642B. doi:10.1086/303926. ISSN   0004-637X.
  7. ↑ Neugebauer, G.; Matthews, K.; Armus, L. (December 1995). "Near-Infrared Observations of Extended Emission around PG 1545+210". The Astrophysical Journal. 455 (2): L123. Bibcode:1995ApJ...455L.123N. doi:10.1086/309847. ISSN   0004-637X.
  8. ↑ Floyd, David J. E.; Axon, David; Baum, Stefi; Capetti, Alessandro; Chiaberge, Marco; Macchetto, Duccio; Madrid, Juan; Miley, George; O'Dea, Christopher P.; Perlman, Eric; Quillen, Alice; Sparks, William; Tremblay, Grant (July 2008). "Hubble Space Telescope Near-infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts. II. An Atlas and Inventory of the Host Galaxies, Mergers, and Companions". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 177 (1): 148–173. arXiv: 0712.0595 . Bibcode:2008ApJS..177..148F. doi:10.1086/587622. ISSN   0067-0049.
  9. ↑ Oemler, Augustus; Gunn, James E.; Oke, J. B. (September 1972). "3C 323.1: a QSO in a Rich Cluster of Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 176: L47. Bibcode:1972ApJ...176L..47O. doi:10.1086/181017. ISSN   0004-637X.
  10. 1 2 Hintzen, P.; Scott, J. S. (September 1978). "The use of radio source morphology in detecting clusters of galaxies associated with QSOs". The Astrophysical Journal. 224: L47 –L50. Bibcode:1978ApJ...224L..47H. doi:10.1086/182756. ISSN   0004-637X.
  11. ↑ Miller, J. S.; Sheinis, A. I. (May 2003). "Keck Spectroscopy of Four Quasi-stellar Object Host Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 588 (1): L9 –L12. arXiv: astro-ph/0303506 . Bibcode:2003ApJ...588L...9M. doi:10.1086/375153. ISSN   0004-637X.
  12. ↑ Massaro, F.; Harris, D. E.; Tremblay, G. R.; Axon, D.; Baum, S. A.; Capetti, A.; Chiaberge, M.; Gilli, R.; Giovannini, G.; Grandi, P.; Macchetto, F. D.; O’Dea, C. P.; Risaliti, G.; Sparks, W. (2010-04-13). "CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF 3C RADIO SOURCES WITHz< 0.3: NUCLEI, DIFFUSE EMISSION, JETS, AND HOTSPOTS". The Astrophysical Journal. 714 (1): 589–604. arXiv: 1003.2438 . Bibcode:2010ApJ...714..589M. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/714/1/589. ISSN   0004-637X.
  13. ↑ Fernini, Ilias (2019-10-04). "VLA observations of 20 FR II radio sources at 8.4 GHz". Astrophysics and Space Science. 364 (10) 167. Bibcode:2019Ap&SS.364..167F. doi:10.1007/s10509-019-3654-5. ISSN   1572-946X.
  14. ↑ Bogers, W. J.; Hes, R.; Barthel, P. D.; Zensus, J. A. (May 1994). "High resolution radio observations of intermediate redshift quasars and radio galaxies". Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series. 105: 91–113. Bibcode:1994A&AS..105...91B. ISSN   0365-0138.
  15. ↑ Kokubo, Mitsuru (2017-01-12). "Constraints on the optical polarization source in the luminous non-blazar quasar 3C 323.1 (PG 1545+210) from the photometric and polarimetric variability". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: stx080. doi: 10.1093/mnras/stx080 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  16. ↑ Fan, Xiao; Wu, Qingwen (2023-02-01). "In Situ Star Formation in Accretion Disks and Explanation of Correlation between the Black Hole Mass and Metallicity in Active Galactic Nuclei". The Astrophysical Journal. 944 (2): 159. arXiv: 2212.06363 . Bibcode:2023ApJ...944..159F. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/acb532 . ISSN   0004-637X.
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