3C 411

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3C 411
Image of 3C 411.png
Pan-STARRS image of 3C 411.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Constellation Delphinus
Right ascension 20h 22m 08.43s [1]
Declination +10° 01′ 11.26″ [1]
Redshift 0.467000 [1]
Heliocentric radial velocity 140,003 km/s [1]
Distance 4.947 Gly
Apparent magnitude  (B)19.70
Characteristics
Type N galaxy HEG [1]
Other designations
4C +09.67, PKS 2019+09, LEDA 2817722, PKS B2019+098, NVSS J202208+100110, OW +032, DA 512, NRAO 0627, TXS 2019+098 [1]

3C 411 is a high-excitation Fanaroff-Riley class Type 2 radio galaxy (HEG) [2] located in the constellation of Delphinus. The estimated redshift for this galaxy is (z) 0.467 [1] [3] and it was first recorded in the Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources in 1962. [4] It was classified as an extragalactic radio source in 1974 by astronomers, [5] before being identified as an N galaxy, that is described to have a distant redshift based on an observation by Hyron Spinrad. [6]

Contents

Description

3C 411 is a broad-line radio galaxy (BLRG). [7] It is found to contain a double lobed source. When observed through radio mapping, the source is found to contain a radio emission bridge of low surface brightness connecting the components, with a nuclear point source dominating over the optical object. [6] Imaging by the Very Large Array (VLA) in 1984 showed the source is heavily depolarized with the radio spectrum steepening outside the location of its hotspots. A radio jet is also shown linking with a central component with the hotspot feature that is located in the western radio lobe. [8] At 15 GHz the source also shows signs of spectra steepening in both of its lobes. [9]

An observation conducted in 2014 by XMM Newton found 3C 411 is a flat spectrum radio quasar. It is found to have a cold accretion disk around its central supermassive black hole. The estimated mass of the black hole is 3 x 107 Mʘ, and the object has a total flux density of 2.20 ± 0.16 x 10-12 erg cm-2 s-1. A double power-law component was also found in 3C 411, mainly made up of a hard component and a Seyfert type-like component. [10]

In March 2019 the object was thought to have a blazar core in its center. However when observed, its jet is shown as straight on a trajectory path with an inclination angle at 50°. Although Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI) observations found the core as compact, it is found to be modelled by multiple jet components instead of a blazar jet, ruling out the possibly of it being classified as a blazar. [11]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "NED Search results for 3C 411". NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database. Retrieved 2025-09-28.
  2. ↑ Varano, S.; Chiaberge, M.; Macchetto, F. D.; Capetti, A. (2004-12-01). "The nuclear radio-optical properties of intermediate-redshift FR II radio galaxies and quasars" (PDF). Astronomy & Astrophysics. 428 (2): 401–408. arXiv: astro-ph/0407307 . Bibcode:2004A&A...428..401V. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20040303. ISSN   0004-6361.
  3. ↑ Tadhunter, C. N.; Scarrott, S. M.; Draper, P.; Rolph, C. (May 1992). "The optical polarizations of high- and intermediate-redshift radio galaxies" (PDF). Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 256 (1): 53P –58P. doi: 10.1093/mnras/256.1.53p . ISSN   0035-8711.
  4. ↑ Bennett, A. S. (1962). "The revised 3C catalogue of radio sources". Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society. 68: 163. Bibcode:1962MmRAS..68..163B.
  5. ↑ Pooley, G. G.; Henbest, S. N. (December 1974). "Observations of 48 extragalactic radio sources with the Cambridge 5-km telescope at 5 GHz". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 169 (3): 477–526. Bibcode:1974MNRAS.169..477P. doi: 10.1093/mnras/169.3.477 . ISSN   0035-8711.
  6. 1 2 Spinrad, H.; Smith, H. E.; Hunstead, R.; Ryle, M. (May 1975). "3C 411: a newly discovered N galaxy with a large redshift". The Astrophysical Journal. 198: 7–11. Bibcode:1975ApJ...198....7S. doi:10.1086/153571. ISSN   0004-637X.
  7. ↑ Kataoka, J.; Stawarz, L.; Takahashi, Y.; Cheung, C. C.; Hayashida, M.; Grandi, P.; Burnett, T. H.; Celotti, A.; Fegan, S. J. (2011-07-18), "BROAD-LINE RADIO GALAXIES OBSERVED WITH FERMI -LAT: THE ORIGIN OF THE GeV γ-RAY EMISSION", The Astrophysical Journal, 740 (1): 29, arXiv: 1107.3370 , Bibcode:2011ApJ...740...29K, doi:10.1088/0004-637X/740/1/29
  8. ↑ Spangler, S. R.; Pogge, J. J. (March 1984). "VLA observations of the distant radio galaxy 3C 411". The Astronomical Journal. 89: 342–349. Bibcode:1984AJ.....89..342S. doi:10.1086/113519. ISSN   0004-6256.
  9. ↑ Fey, A. L.; Spangler, S. R.; Myers, S. T. (June 1986). "15 GHz VLA observations of the radio galaxies 3C 166 and 3C 411". The Astronomical Journal. 91: 1279–1285. Bibcode:1986AJ.....91.1279F. doi:10.1086/114103. ISSN   0004-6256.
  10. ↑ Bostrom, Allison; Reynolds, Christopher S.; Tombesi, Francesco (2014-08-05). "AN XMM-NEWTON VIEW OF THE RADIO GALAXY 3C 411". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 119. arXiv: 1407.2625 . Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..119B. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/791/2/119. ISSN   1538-4357.
  11. ↑ Perger, Krisztina; Frey, Sándor; Gabányi, Krisztina É (March 2019). "Is There a Blazar Nested in the Core of the Radio Galaxy 3C 411?". The Astrophysical Journal. 873 (1): 61. arXiv: 1902.00266 . Bibcode:2019ApJ...873...61P. doi: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab040f . ISSN   0004-637X.
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