Discovery [1] [2] | |
---|---|
Discovered by | M. F. Wolf A. Schwassmann |
Discovery site | Heidelberg Obs. |
Discovery date | 31 October 1899 |
Designations | |
(449) Hamburga | |
Pronunciation | /hæmˈbɜːrɡə/ |
Named after | Hamburg [3] (German city) |
1899 EU ·1947 OA 1948 TO ·A901 EA | |
main-belt ·(middle) [4] background [5] | |
Orbital characteristics [1] | |
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) | |
Uncertainty parameter 0 | |
Observation arc | 117.91 yr (43,066 days) |
Aphelion | 2.9931 AU |
Perihelion | 2.1097 AU |
2.5514 AU | |
Eccentricity | 0.1731 |
4.08 yr (1,489 days) | |
228.86° | |
0° 14m 30.48s / day | |
Inclination | 3.0847° |
85.923° | |
47.281° | |
Physical characteristics | |
Dimensions | 55.09±14.25 km [6] 63.61±0.75 km [7] 66.76 ± 4.82 km [8] 77.90±22.29 km [9] 80.83±17.91 km [10] 85.59±1.9 km [11] |
Mass | (1.57±1.40)×1018 kg [8] |
18.145±0.005 h [12] 18.263±0.004 h [13] | |
0.03±0.02 [9] 0.033±0.009 [10] 0.0393±0.002 [11] 0.07±0.02 [6] 0.072±0.002 [7] | |
Tholen = C [1] [4] · C [14] B–V = 0.701 [1] U–B = 0.378 [1] | |
9.43±0.01 [4] [15] [16] ·9.47 [1] [7] [9] [11] ·9.79 [6] ·9.79±0.07 [17] ·9.80 [10] | |
Hamburga (minor planet designation: 449 Hamburga) is a carbonaceous asteroid from the background population of the intermediate asteroid belt, approximately 75 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered by German astronomers Max Wolf and Friedrich Schwassmann at Heidelberg Observatory on 31 October 1899, and later named after the city of Hamburg in Germany. [3] [2]
449 was a proposed target for the 1980s-1990s space probe mission proposal CRAF.
Hamburga is classified as a C-type asteroid and is probably composed of carbonaceous material. It is named for the city of Hamburg in Germany. [3] The name was announced in 1901 during a festival held by the Mathematical Society of Hamburg. [3]
449 Hamburga was identified as one of three asteroids that were likely to be a parent body for chondrites along with 304 Olga and 335 Roberta. [18] All three asteroids were known to have low-albedo (not reflect as much light) and be close to "meteorite producing resonances". [18] Chrondrites are the most common type of meteor found on Earth, accounting for over 80% of all meteors. [19] They are named for the tiny spherical silicate particles that are found inside them (those particles are called chondrules). [19]
In the 1980s and 1990s, NASA considered a spacecraft mission to the asteroid. [20] The mission plan called for a launch in 1995 and a flyby of Hamburga in early 1998. The McDonald's chain of restaurants expressed an interest in sponsoring the mission, due to the accidental similarity of the asteroid's name to the food item "hamburger", which was discussed in exploratory meetings between themselves and NASA. [21] [22]
In August 1988 in the United States' city of Baltimore, P. Weissman addressed the International Astronomical Union on a mission to this asteroid (449), a mission which also include a rendezvous with Comet Kopf. [23] See Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby for more on the mission to the comet. This mission can also be compared to Rosetta, which successfully flew by two minor planets and orbited a Comet during its approach to the Sun in the early 21st century. P. Weissman later worked on the Rosetta mission. [24]
It was predicted that 449 occulted the star HIP 1424 in July 2013. [25] Stellar occultations can allow a chord to be calculated.
An asteroid occultation was predicted for 18 Oct 2018 with the magnitude 12 star UCAC4-557-042266. [26]
449 Hamburga has been observed to occult 15 stars between 1998 and 2023.
Xanthippe is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 120 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 November 1875, by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa at the Austrian Naval Observatory, in what is now Croatia. It is named after Xanthippe, the wife of the Greek philosopher Socrates.
1743 Schmidt, provisional designation 4109 P-L, is a dark background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 19 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered during the Palomar–Leiden survey on 24 September 1960, by astronomers Ingrid and Cornelis van Houten at Leiden, on photographic plates taken by Tom Gehrels at Palomar Observatory in California. The C-type asteroid has a rotation period of 17.5 hours. It was named for the optician Bernhard Schmidt.
1015 Christa, provisional designation 1924 QF, is a dark background asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 96 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 31 January 1924, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The meaning of this asteroids's name is unknown.
6433 Enya, provisional designation 1978 WC, is a stony background asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 7 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 November 1978, by Czech astronomer Antonín Mrkos at the Kleť Observatory in the Czech Republic. It was named for Irish musician Enya.
1096 Reunerta, provisional designation 1928 OB, is an asteroid from the background population of the asteroid belt's central region, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 21 July 1928, by astronomer Harry Edwin Wood at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg, South Africa. The asteroid was named after South African engineer Theodore Reunert, supporter of the observatory and friend of the discoverer.
1128 Astrid, provisional designation 1929 EB, is a carbonaceous Astridian asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt. It is the parent body of the Astrid family and measures approximately 40 kilometers in diameter.
1354 Botha, provisional designation 1935 GK, is an exceptionally dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 46 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 3 April 1935, by South-African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. The asteroid was named after South African prime minister Louis Botha.
7225 Huntress, provisional designation 1983 BH, is a binary Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 January 1983, by American astronomer Edward Bowell at Lowell's Anderson Mesa Station in Flagstaff, Arizona, United States. It is named after astrochemist Wesley Huntress.
1233 Kobresia, provisional designation 1931 TG2, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 33 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 10 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named for the grass-like flowering plant Kobresia, a genus in the sedge family.
1261 Legia, provisional designation 1933 FB, is a dark Themistian asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 32 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 March 1933, by astronomer Eugène Delporte at the Royal Observatory of Belgium in Uccle. The asteroid was named for the Belgian city of Liège (Luke).
1444 Pannonia is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 29 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 6 January 1938, by Hungarian astronomer György Kulin at Konkoly Observatory in Budapest, Hungary. It was named after the ancient province of the Roman Empire, Pannonia.
4804 Pasteur, provisional designation 1989 XC1, is a carbonaceous background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 2 December 1989, by Belgian astronomer Eric Elst at the ESO's La Silla Observatory in Chile. The asteroid was named after French chemist and microbiologist Louis Pasteur.
1306 Scythia, provisional designation 1930 OB, is a dark Ursula asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 72 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 July 1930, by Soviet astronomer Grigory Neujmin at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named for the historic region of Scythia.
1258 Sicilia, provisional designation 1932 PG, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 44 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 8 August 1932, by astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory in southwest Germany. The asteroid was named after the Italian island of Sicily.
1330 Spiridonia, provisional designation 1925 DB, is a dark background asteroid of primitive composition, located in the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 65 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 17 February 1925, by Soviet astronomer Vladimir Albitsky at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after the discoverer's brother-in-law, Spiridon Zaslavskij.
1323 Tugela, provisional designation 1934 LD, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 May 1934, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. The asteroid was named for the Tugela River in western South Africa.
1263 Varsavia, provisional designation 1933 FF, is an asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 40 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 23 March 1933, by Belgian astronomer Sylvain Arend at Uccle Observatory in Belgium. It is named for the city of Warsaw.
5176 Yoichi, provisional designation 1989 AU, is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 17 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 4 January 1989, by Japanese astronomers Seiji Ueda and Hiroshi Kaneda at the Kushiro Observatory on Hokkaido, Japan. The likely elongated asteroid has a brightness variation of 0.45 magnitude, and occulted a star in the constellation Cetus in November 2014. It was named for the Japanese town of Yoichi.
1242 Zambesia is a dark background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 48 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 28 April 1932, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. The asteroid was named for the large Zambezi basin in southern Africa.
1407 Lindelöf, provisional designation 1936 WC, is an asteroid from the central region of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 21 November 1936, by Finnish astronomer Yrjö Väisälä at Turku Observatory in Southwest Finland. The asteroid was named after Finnish topologist Ernst Lindelöf.