76 Freia

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76 Freia
76Freia (Lightcurve Inversion).png
A three-dimensional model of 76 Freia based on its light curve.
Discovery
Discovered by Heinrich d'Arrest
Discovery dateOctober 21, 1862
Designations
(76) Freia
Pronunciation /ˈfr.ə/ [1]
Named after
Freyja
Outer main belt [2] (Cybele)
Adjectives Freian
Orbital characteristics
Epoch December 31, 2006 (JD 2454100.5)
Aphelion 594.715 Gm (3.975 AU)
Perihelion 427.898 Gm (2.860 AU)
511.306 Gm (3.418 AU)
Eccentricity 0.163
2307.979 d (6.32 a)
Average orbital speed
16.00 km/s
299.268°
Inclination 2.116°
204.535°
254.070°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions183.7±4 km [2]
Mass (1.97 ± 4.20) × 1018 kg [3]
Mean density
0.79 ± 1.69 [3] g/cm3
Equatorial surface gravity
0.0513 m/s2
Equatorial escape velocity
0.0971 km/s
9.968240±0.000009 h [4]
0.036 [5]
CP
7.90

    Freia (minor planet designation: 76 Freia) is a very large main-belt asteroid. It orbits in the outer part of the asteroid belt and is classified as a Cybele asteroid. [6] Its composition is very primitive and it is extremely dark in color. Freia was discovered by the astronomer Heinrich d'Arrest on October 21, 1862, in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was his first and only asteroid discovery. It is named after the goddess Freyja in Norse mythology.

    The sidereal orbital period of this asteroid is commensurable with that of Jupiter, which made it useful for ground-based mass estimates of the giant planet. [7] A shape model for the asteroid was published by Stephens and Warner (2008), based upon lightcurve data. This yielded a sidereal rotation period of 9.968240±0.000009 h. They found two possible solutions for the spin axis, with the preferred solution in ecliptic coordinates being (λ, β) = (139°±, 25°±). [4]

    Related Research Articles

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">65 Cybele</span> Outer main-belt asteroid

    Cybele, minor planet designation 65 Cybele, is one of the largest asteroids in the Solar System. It is located in the outer asteroid belt. It is thought to be a remnant primordial body. It gives its name to the Cybele group of asteroids that orbit outward from the Sun from the 2:1 orbital resonance with Jupiter. The X-type asteroid has a relatively short rotation period of 6.0814 hours. It was discovered by Wilhelm Tempel in 1861, and named after Cybele, the earth goddess.

    1373 Cincinnati, provisional designation 1935 QN, is an asteroid in a comet-like orbit from the Cybele region, located at the outermost rim of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter. It was the only asteroid discovery made by famous American astronomer Edwin Hubble, while observing distant galaxies at Mount Wilson Observatory in California on 30 August 1935. The rather spherical X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 5.3 hours. It was named for the Cincinnati Observatory.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">72 Feronia</span> Main-belt asteroid

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    <span class="mw-page-title-main">92 Undina</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Undina, minor planet designation 92 Undina, is a large main belt asteroid. The asteroid was discovered by Christian Peters on 7 July 1867 from the Hamilton College Observatory. It is named for the eponymous heroine of Undine, a popular novella by Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">100 Hekate</span> Main-belt asteroid

    Hekate is a large main-belt asteroid.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">229 Adelinda</span> Main-belt asteroid

    229 Adelinda is a large, dark outer main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by Austrian astronomer Johann Palisa on August 22, 1882, in Vienna, and was named after Adelinda, the wife of fellow Austrian astronomer Edmund Weiss.

    Bertholda is a very large main-belt asteroid. It was discovered by Max Wolf on September 7, 1896, in Heidelberg, Germany. The object is part of the Cybele asteroid group, and is classified as a P-type asteroid.

    Helga, provisional designation 1904 NC is a large main belt asteroid. It was discovered in 1904 by Max Wolf in Heidelberg. Helga is notable for being the first such object to be shown to be in a stable but chaotic orbit in resonance with Jupiter, its Lyapunov time being relatively short, at 6,900 yr. Despite this, its orbit appears to be stable, as the eccentricity and precession rates are such that it avoids close encounters with Jupiter. It forms part of the Cybele asteroid group.

    790 Pretoria is a minor planet orbiting the Sun that was discovered by English astronomer Harry Edwin Wood on January 16, 1912. It is a member of the Cybele group located beyond the core of the main belt and named after Pretoria, the capital city of South Africa.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">909 Ulla</span> Outer main-belt asteroid

    909 Ulla is a large and dark asteroid from the outermost regions of the asteroid belt, that measures approximately 116 kilometers in diameter. It is the parent body and namesake of the Ulla family, which belongs to the larger group of Cybele asteroids. It was discovered on 7 February 1919, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. The X-type asteroid has a rotation period of 8.7 hours and a notably low value for its Jupiter Tisserand's parameter. It was named after Ulla Ahrens, daughter of a friend of the discoverer.

    1143 Odysseus, provisional designation 1930 BH, is a large Jupiter trojan located in the Greek camp of Jupiter's orbit. It was discovered on 28 January 1930, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany, and later named after Odysseus, the legendary hero from Greek mythology. The dark D-type asteroid has a rotation period of 10.1 hours. With a diameter of approximately 125 kilometers, it is among the 10 largest Jovian trojans.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1022 Olympiada</span>

    1022 Olympiada, provisional designation 1924 RT, is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 30 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered at the Simeiz Observatory on the Crimean peninsula on 23 June 1924, by Soviet astronomer Vladimir Albitsky, who named it after his mother, Olimpiada Albitskaya. The X-type asteroid has a short rotation period of 3.83 hours.

    1467 Mashona, provisional designation 1938 OE, is a rare-type carbonaceous asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 100 kilometers in diameter, making it one of the top 200 largest asteroids currently known to exist. It was discovered on 30 July 1938, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Johannesburg Observatory in South Africa. It was later named after the native Shona people of Zimbabwe.

    1574 Meyer, provisional designation 1949 FD, is a carbonaceous asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 59 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 22 March 1949, by French astronomer Louis Boyer at Algiers Observatory in Algeria, northern Africa. It was named after French astronomer M. Georges Meyer.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">2606 Odessa</span>

    2606 Odessa, provisional designation 1976 GX2, is a background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 16 kilometers (10 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 1 April 1976, by Soviet–Russian astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnij, on the Crimean peninsula. The presumably metallic X- or M-type asteroid has an elongated shape and a rotation period of 8.24 hours. It was named for the Ukrainian city of Odesa.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1230 Riceia</span>

    1230 Riceia, provisional designation 1931 TX1, is a stony background asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 6 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 9 October 1931, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at the Heidelberg-Königstuhl State Observatory. The asteroid was named after Hugh Rice, amateur astronomer of New York and director of the Museum of Natural Sciences.

    1796 Riga, provisional designation 1966 KB, is a dark asteroid from the outer region of the asteroid belt, approximately 70 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 16 May 1966, by Russian astronomer Nikolai Chernykh at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. It is named after the Latvian capital Riga.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">5208 Royer</span> Asteroid

    5208 Royer (prov. designation: 1989 CH1) is a stony Marian asteroid from the central regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 8 kilometers (5 miles) in diameter. It was discovered on 6 February 1989, by astronomer Eleanor Helin at the Palomar Observatory. The S-type asteroid has a rotation period of 3.87 hours and was named after American priest and amateur astronomer, Ronald Royer.

    <span class="mw-page-title-main">1902 Shaposhnikov</span>

    1902 Shaposhnikov is a dark Hilda asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 92 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 18 April 1972, by Russian astronomer Tamara Smirnova at the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory in Nauchnyj, on the Crimean peninsula. The asteroid was named after Soviet astronomer and WWII casualty Vladimir Shaposhnikov. It was one of the last larger asteroids discovered in the main belt.

    1941 Wild, provisional designation 1931 TN1, is an eccentric Hildian asteroid from the outermost region of the asteroid belt, approximately 20 kilometers in diameter.

    References

    1. "Freya". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on 22 March 2020.
    2. 1 2 "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 76 Freia" (2008-03-04 last obs). Retrieved 5 September 2010.
    3. 1 2 Carry, B. (December 2012), "Density of asteroids", Planetary and Space Science , 73 (1): 98–118, arXiv: 1203.4336 , Bibcode:2012P&SS...73...98C, doi:10.1016/j.pss.2012.03.009, S2CID   119226456. See Table 1.
    4. 1 2 Stephens, Robert D.; Warner, Brian D. (June 2008), "A Preliminary Shape and Spin Axis Model for 76 Freia", The Minor Planet Bulletin, 35 (2): 84−85, Bibcode:2008MPBu...35...84S.
    5. Asteroid Data Sets Archived 2009-12-17 at the Wayback Machine
    6. De Prá, M. N.; et al. (September 2018), "PRIMASS visits Hilda and Cybele groups", Icarus, 311: 35–51, arXiv: 1711.02071 , Bibcode:2018Icar..311...35D, doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.11.012, S2CID   119383924.
    7. Klepczynski, W. J.; et al. (November 1971), "The Mass of Jupiter from the Motion of (76) Freia", Astronomical Journal, 76: 939, Bibcode:1971AJ.....76..939K, doi:10.1086/111204.