 | |
|---|---|
| Route information | |
| Length | 6.2 mi (10.0 km) |
| Major junctions | |
| West end | St. Just |
| A30 | |
| East end | A30 at Penzance |
| Location | |
| Country | United Kingdom |
| Constituent country | England |
| Primary destinations | St. Just, Newbridge, Tremethick Cross and Penzance |
| Road network | |
The A3071 is a minor 'A' road in the English county of Cornwall, which links St Just to Penzance and the A30. [1] It is 6.2 miles long.
In the early 19th-century, mines in the parish of St Just were flourishing but there were no natural harbours along the north coast. Mule trains, pack-horses or wagons with four horses carried copper and tin to the harbour at the stannary town of Penzance. The wagons often grounded at the ford in the village of Hallen Tachen and a report in The West Briton newspaper on 26 May 1843 indicated that a bridge was to be built by Mr Edward Harvey of Penzance. The bridge was funded by the mining industry and Nicholas Holman who had transferred his foundry from Copperhouse, Hayle to Tregeseal in 1834. The two-span grade II listed bridge was a rebuild of an older bridge, from which the parapets and terminal refuges survive. The bridge is built of granite ashlar with granite dressings except for the rubble walls of the older bridge. The wider span is over the stream and a narrow span over the leat to Roskennals Mill. There is an inscription of "EH" on the north side and "1843" on the southern side. [2] The village of Hallen Tachen is now known as Newbridge. [3]
In 1863 the Penwith Turnpike Trust (later the Penzance and St Just Turnpike Trust) was formed. The road was the link between the mining region along the coast from St Just to Pendeen and carried heavy mining traffic to the harbour at the stannary town of Penzance. [4] The Turnpike included two branches,
The turnpike provided an easier route for the teams of four horses and wagons which had replaced pack mules. [6] A toll was charged to use the road, which was let by yearly auction. Before the turnpike was formed the mines of St Just were doing well and it was estimated that moderate tolls would raise £800 annually. The Turnpike Act was to last 21 years from 1863 and loans of £6,300 were advanced, including £1750 and £1,250 from the Bolitho and, Batten, Carne and Carne banks, respectively, with the rest from bond-holders. The tolls were let for £1000. In the late 1860s there was less traffic as mines closed, miners emigrated and the tolls collected dropped to £500 annually. The bond-holders did not receive any interest for a number of years around 1870 and due to falling revenue the St Just end of the road was not completed. [7] Despite the original estimate of an income of £800 per annum, in 1882, for example, the winning bid for running the turnpike was £550. [8] There was a continuation Act in 1884 and the Turnpike Trust finally closed in November 1885. [9]
The Toll House at Tremethick Cross was put up for auction on 9 June 1886, and withdrawn by the owner Mr T S Bolitho when the £98 reserve was not reached; the top bid was £40. [10] [11]
A number of milestones and guide stones mark the route, some still surviving in their original position. They are of two designs, the earlier ones which predate the Turnpike Trust have arched tops and the ones erected by the trust have pyramidal tops. [4] Some are listed,
| Miles to Penzance | Photograph | Date | Description | Grade (if listed) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | – | At grid reference SW45662997 . [12] | ||
| 2 | – | At grid reference SW44023064 . [12] | ||
| 3 | – | A rectangular granite stone 1 metre high with a truncated rectangular pyramid top, to the west of Tremayne Farm. The painted black inscription is "3", in a square recessed panel. (First listed on 9 July 2012 at grid reference SW4268631582 ). [13] | II | |
| – | Early 19th century | An early 19th century (probably 1819) guidepost the junction to an earlier road to Pendeen. It is a dressed granite monolith with a pyrimidal head and incised inscriptions at the front and rear. The front inscription reads "SAINT" over a hand pointer "JUST ROAD and MORVAH" and the rear inscription reads "SAINT JUST TOWN 18-". (First listed on 15 December 1988 at grid reference SW4268631582 ). [14] | II | |
| – | Early 19th century | Early 19th century guide post with incised inscriptions, with hand-pointers over the left-handed inscription "St Just GP". There is an Ordnance Survey bench mark under the right-handed inscription "Pendeen". Originally at (grid reference SW408318 ) and now at the current junction. (First listed on 15 December 1988 at grid reference SW4060531755 ). [15] | II | |
| 5 | – | Early 19th century | Early 19th century painted milestone, to the east of the former china clay works. The granite stone has a three-sided head and the Arabic numeral "5" in relief in a rectangular panel. (First listed on 15 December 1988 at grid reference SW3972832668 ). [16] | II |
| 5 | – | An early granite milestone, which predates the turnpike and is in its original position just to the east of the former china clay works. The stone is just over 1 m high, rectangular in plan with a rounded top and has black painted lettering. The inscription on the north face is "FROM PENZ 5". (First listed on 30 July 2012 at grid reference SW3953331139 ). [4] | II | |
| – | 1833 | 1833 granite stone at the junction of Turnpike Road and the road to Sancreed, with the following inscriptions on two sides. "To Sancreed Church Town and Paul" and "Penzance Direct Road AD1833". (First listed on 19 March 1979, at grid reference SW3812430987 ). [17] | II | |
| 6 | Small, painted granite guide stone with an arched head approximately 100m west of the road to Sancreed. The inscription reads "From Penz. 6." (First listed on 19 March 1979, at grid reference SW3799830954 ). [18] | II | ||
| 6½ | – | 1836 | Painted granite stone with round-headed sides, at the junction with the B3306 to Land's End Airport and the A30, near Crows-an-Wra. There are carved pointed hands in oval panels and the incised lettering below is, "To Penzance 61⁄2 miles. AD1836" and "To St Buryan 5 miles, To Lands End 6 miles". (First listed on 19 March 1979, at grid reference SW3743930989 ). [19] | II |
The A30 is a major road in England, running 284 miles (457 km) WSW from London to Land's End.
Marazion is a civil parish and town, on the shore of Mount's Bay in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is 2 miles (3.2 km) east of Penzance and the tidal island of St Michael's Mount is half-a-mile offshore. At low water a causeway links it to the town and at high water passenger boats carry visitors between Marazion and St Michael's Mount. Marazion is a tourist resort with an active community of artists who produce and sell paintings and pottery in the town's art galleries.
Lostwithiel is a civil parish and small town in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom at the head of the estuary of the River Fowey. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 2,739, increasing to 2,899 at the 2011 census. The Lostwithiel electoral ward had a population of 4,639 at the 2011 census. The name Lostwithiel comes from the Cornish "lostwydhyel" which means "tail of a wooded area".
St Erth is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom.
Paul is a village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is in the civil parish of Penzance. The village is two miles (3 km) south of Penzance and one mile (1.6 km) south of Newlyn.
Ludgvan is a civil parish and village in Cornwall, England, UK, 2+1⁄2 miles (4.0 km) northeast of Penzance. Ludgvan village is split between Churchtown, on the hill, and Lower Quarter to the east, adjoining Crowlas. For the purposes of local government, Ludgvan elects a parish council every four years; the town elects a member to Cornwall Council under the Ludgvan division.
Levant Mine and Beam Engine is a National Trust property at Trewellard, Pendeen, near St Just, Cornwall, England, UK. Its main attraction is that it has the world's only Cornish beam engine still operated by steam on its original site. There is also a visitor centre, a short underground tour, and the South West Coast Path leads to Botallack Mine, via a cliff-top footpath.
Trengwainton is a garden situated in Madron, near Penzance, Cornwall, England, UK, which has been in the ownership of the National Trust since 1961. The garden is noted for its collection of exotic trees and shrubs and offers views over Mount's Bay and The Lizard. The house is not open to the public.
Gulval is a village in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. Although historically a parish in its own right, Gulval was incorporated into the parishes of Ludgvan, Madron and Penzance in 1934, and is now considered to be a suburb of Penzance. Gulval still maintains its status as an ecclesiastical parish and parts of the village church date back to the 12th-century. Together with Heamoor, Gulval still retains its status as an electoral ward. The ward population at the 2011 census was 4,185.
Chyandour is a small settlement within the town of Penzance in west Cornwall, United Kingdom. It is on the north-east edge of the town straddling the A30 trunk road. The Chyandour Brook rises near Carfury and flows into Mount's Bay at Chyandour. Before 1934 Chyandour was in the parish of Madron and was the site of a large tin smelting works.
The Morrab Library is a subscription library in Penzance, Cornwall in England.
Newbridge is a hamlet in the civil parish of Madron on the Penwith peninsula in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is on the A3071 road between St Just and Penzance, about three miles (5 km) west of the latter.
The Hayle Estuary is an estuary in west Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is one of the few natural harbours on the north coast of south-west England and during the prehistoric and early medieval periods was important for trade and the movement of people and ideas.
Port Navas Creek, or Porthnavas Creek, is one of seven creeks off the Helford River in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It splits into three sections with the village of Porth Navas on the west, Trenarth Bridge in the middle and the eastern one is near Budock Veane. The creek is well known for the oyster beds.
Sancreed Beacon is a Bronze Age archaeological site near the village of Sancreed in the Penwith peninsula of Cornwall maintained by the Cornwall Heritage Trust. On top of the hill are several stone cists and Bronze Age archaeological remains comprising burial mounds and the remains of a Bronze Age hut on the Western slope.
Catchall is a hamlet in west Cornwall, England, UK. Catchall is 1 mile (1.6 km) south-east of Sancreed at around 310 feet (94 m) above sea level at the junction of the B3283 with the A30 main road.
Rinsey is a hamlet in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom. It is located off the main A394 road between Helston and Penzance in the civil parish of Breage. The nearby hamlet of Rinsey Croft is located 1 km to the north-east. The nearby cliffs and beach are owned and managed by the National Trust and part of Rinsey East Cliff is designated as the Porthcew Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) for its geological interest. The South West Coast Path passes through the property. Rinsey lies within the Cornwall Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB).
Madron Well and Madron Well Chapel is a scheduled Ancient Monument in the civil parish of Madron, Cornwall, UK.
Presented below is an alphabetical index of articles related to Cornwall:
The Richmond to Lancaster Turnpike, was a road that was opened in the second half of the 18th century between Richmond, in the North Riding of Yorkshire and Lancaster in Lancashire, Northern England. The turnpike was built to allow goods to be taken from Yorkshire to the port of Lancaster. It was approved in 1751, but was not wholly completed until 1774.
A roads in Zone 3 of the Great Britain road numbering scheme | ||
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