Orange-peel doris | |
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Scientific classification ![]() | |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Mollusca |
Class: | Gastropoda |
Order: | Nudibranchia |
Suborder: | Doridina |
Superfamily: | Onchidoridoidea |
Family: | Onchidorididae |
Genus: | Acanthodoris |
Species: | A. lutea |
Binomial name | |
Acanthodoris lutea MacFarland, 1925 [1] | |
Acanthodoris lutea, the orange-peel doris, is a species of nudibranch or sea slug, a shell-less marine opisthobranch gastropod mollusk in the family Onchidorididae. [2]
This species is the largest of the northeastern Pacific onchidorids. [3] It is a common species, and it is very noticeable because of its bright coloration, which is aposematic. The species name "lutea" is a Latin word which means an orange-yellow color. The generic name, "acantho" comes from the Greek word meaning spiny, and " doris " is the name of an ancient Greek sea nymph.
This nudibranch grows to about 30 mm in length. It has a bright orange papillated dorsum covered with yellow specks. As is the case with many nudibranchs, this bright coloration is thought to be a reminder to would-be predators of its distasteful nature, an example of aposematic coloration. When handled, these slugs often smell of sandalwood. [3]
This dorid nudibranch was described from Cayucos, San Luis Obispo County, California. It lives on the Pacific coast of North America from Cape Arago, Oregon to northern Baja California, Mexico. [4] Specimens from Duxbury Reef, Marin County, California and Puget Sound, Kitsap County, Washington have been sequenced for the 16S ribosomal RNA, Histone H3 and CO1 genes. [5] [6]
The orange-peel doris lives in the intertidal and subtidal zones on rocky shores.
Acanthodoris lutea feeds on bryozoans of the genus Alcyonidium . It turns the chemicals taken from the bryozoan food into a noxious metabolite which is toxic to possible predators. [7] This species is aposematically colored, warning predators of this toxic deterrent. [8]
Onchidorididae are a taxonomic family of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the superfamily Onchidoridoidea.
Goniobranchus collingwoodi, common name Collingwood's chromodoris, is a species of very colourful sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chromodorididae.
Rostanga pulchra is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Discodorididae.
Acanthodoris hudsoni is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.
Acanthodoris pilosa is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae. It is found in shallow water in the northeastern Atlantic Ocean, its range extending from Norway to France, and also both on the eastern coast of Canada and the United States, and the Pacific coast from the Aleutian Islands to Morro Bay, California.
Acanthodoris is a genus of sea slugs, dorid nudibranchs, shell-less marine gastropod mollusks in the family Onchidorididae. The genus is believed to have originated in the Atlantic Ocean in the Cretaceous period and spread to the Pacific Ocean. The relationships of Acanthodoris to the other genera in the family Onchidorididae were evaluated by molecular phylogeny in 2015.
Acanthodoris nanaimoensis, the Nanaimo horned dorid, is a species of dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.
Doriprismatica atromarginata is a species of sea slug. It is a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusk in the family Chromodorididae.
Limacia cockerelli is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Polyceridae.
Acanthodoris planca is a species of dorid nudibranch. It is a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.
Phyllodesmium is a genus of predatory sea slugs, aeolid nudibranchs, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Facelinidae.
Goniobranchus fidelis, also commonly known as the faithful sea slug, is a species of colourful sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Chromodorididae.
Onchidoris proxima is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae. This species is found in the northeastern and northwestern parts of the Atlantic Ocean. It is also reported from the northeastern Pacific Ocean. Previously in the genus Adalaria this species was moved to Onchidoris as a result of a molecular phylogeny study.
Acanthodoris brunnea, common name the brown horned dorid, is a species of sea slugs, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.
Acanthodoris atrogriseata is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.
Acanthodoris rhodoceras is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.
Acanthodoris falklandica is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.
Acanthodoris pina is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.
Knoutsodonta brasiliensis is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae.
Knoutsodonta jannae is a species of sea slug, a dorid nudibranch, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Onchidorididae. It was frequently mis-identified as Onchidoris muricata. K. jannae is the type species of the genus Knoutsodonta.
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