Achlya

This article is about the water mould. For the moth genus of the same name, see Achlya (moth). For the chemical compound, see Achlorhydria.

Achlya
Mainly Achlya sp. Isolated from small stream around rice field. Incubated in room temperature on hemp seed
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Clade:	Diaphoretickes
Clade:	SAR
Clade:	Stramenopiles
Phylum:	Oomycota
Order:	Saprolegniales
Family:	Saprolegniaceae
Genus:	Achlya

Achlya is a genus of oomycete (water mold), in the family Saprolegniaceae. The genus includes several plant pathogens including Achlya conspicua and Achlya klebsiana . Unlike many other microorganisms, cell expansion is governed by changes in cell wall strength rather than changes in osmotic pressure. ^[1] The genome of Achlya hypogyna has been sequenced and can be accessed on public online databases, for example on the NCBI website (National Center for Biotechnology Information). ^[2]

The genus was first circumscribed in Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. vol.11 on page 514 in 1823 by Christian Gottfried Daniel Nees von Esenbeck. ^{[3] [4]}

The type species is Achlya prolifera . ^[3]

The genus name of Achlya is named after Achlys, who in the Hesiodic Shield of Heracles , is one of the figures depicted on Heracles' shield, perhaps representing the personification of sorrow. ^[5]

Several Achyla spp. are pathogens of rice seedlings. ^[6]

Species

As accepted by Species Fungorum; ^[7]

• Achlya abortispora B. Paul & El Andr. (2006)
• Achlya abortiva Coker & Braxton (1926)
• Achlya achlyoides (Coker) T.W. Johnson & R.L. Seym. (2005)
• Achlya ambisexualis Raper (1939)
• Achlya ambispora Steciow (2001)
• Achlya americana Humphrey (1893)
• Achlya androcomposita Hamid (1942)
• Achlya anomala Steciow & Marano (2008)
• Achlya aquatica Dayal & J. Thakur (1969)
• Achlya bisexualis Coker & Couch (1927)
• Achlya bispora (Couch) Langsam (1986)
• Achlya bonariensis Beroqui (1969)
• Achlya caroliniana Coker (1910)
• Achlya colorata Pringsh. (1882)
• Achlya conspicua Coker (1923)
• Achlya crenulata Ziegler (1948)
• Achlya debaryana Humphrey (1893)
• Achlya diffusa J.V. Harv. ex T.W. Johnson (1956)
• Achlya dubia Coker (1923)
• Achlya echinulata Beroqui (1969)
• Achlya flagellata Coker (1923)
• Achlya flexuosa Nagai (1931)
• Achlya formosana Chiou & H.S. Chang (1976)
• Achlya fuegiana Steciow (2001)
• Achlya glomerata Coker (1912)
• Achlya haehneliana Cejp (1934)
• Achlya heterosexualis Whiffen (1965)
• Achlya imperfecta Coker (1923)
• Achlya inflata Coker & Braxton (1927)
• Achlya intricata Beneke (1948)
• Achlya kamatii Date (1972)
• Achlya kashyapia Chaudhuri & Kochhar (1935)
• Achlya klebsiana Pieters (1915)
• Achlya lobata Ziegler & Gilpin (1954)
• Achlya michiganensis T.W. Johnson (1950)
• Achlya orion Coker & Couch (1920)
• Achlya oryzae S. Ito & Nagai (1931)
• Achlya oviparvula A.L. Rogers & Beneke (1962)
• Achlya pacifica J.V. Harv. (1942)
• Achlya papillosa Humphrey (1893)
• Achlya primoachlya (Coker & Couch) T.W. Johnson & R.L. Seym. (2005)
• Achlya prolifera Nees (1823)
• Achlya proliferoides Coker (1923)
• Achlya pseudoachlyoides (Beneke) T.W. Johnson & R.L. Seym. (2005)
• Achlya pseudoradiosa A.L. Rogers & Beneke (1962)
• Achlya racemosa Hildebr. (1867)
• Achlya radiosa Maurizio (1899)
• Achlya regularis Coker & J. Leitn. (1938)
• Achlya robusta Steciow & Elíades (2002)
• Achlya rodrigueziana F.T. Wolf (1941)
• Achlya sparrowii Reischer (1949)
• Achlya spiracaulis T.W. Johnson (1950)
• Achlya spiralis B. Paul & Steciow (2008)
• Achlya subterranea Coker & Braxton (1926)
• Achlya truncatiformis M.W. Dick & Mark A. Spencer (2002)
• Achlya tuberculata Ziegler (1950)
• Achlya turfosa Johannes (1950)

Former species; (all are Saprolegniaceae family) ^[7]

• A. abortiva f. normalisCoker (1927) = Achlya abortiva
• A. acadiensisC.L. Moore (1912) = Newbya androgyna ,
• A. ambisexualis var. abjointaRaper (1939) = Achlya ambisexualis
• A. ambisexualis var. gracilisRaper (1939) = Achlya ambisexualis
• A. americana var. cambricaTrow (1899) = Achlya americana
• A. americana var. megaspermaCrooks (1937) = Achlya americana
• A. americana var. megaspermaCrooks ex Cejp (1959) = Achlya americana
• A. androgyna(W. Archer) T.W. Johnson & R.L. Seym. (2005) = Newbya androgyna
• A. apiculatade Bary (1888) = Newbya apiculata
• A. apiculata var. forbesianaCejp (1959) = Newbya apiculata
• A. apiculata var. prolificaCoker & Couch (1923) = Newbya apiculata
• A. benekeiJ.S. Furtado (1965) = Protoachlya benekei
• A. bisexualis var. ambisexualis(Raper) Milko (1983) = Achlya ambisexualis
• A. brasiliensisA.I. Milanez (1965) = Newbya brasiliensis
• A. brauniiReinsch (1877) = Newbya androgyna
• A. cambrica(Trow) T.W. Johnson (1956) = Achlya americana
• A. curvicollisBeroqui (1969) = Newbya curvicollis
• A. debaryana var. americana(Humphrey) Minden (1912) = Achlya americana,
• A. debaryana var. intermediaMinden (1912) = Achlya debaryana
• A. dioicaPringsh. (1860) = Saprolegnia dioica , Saprolegniaceae
• A. dubia var. pigmentaChaudhuri & Kochhar (1935) = Achlya dubia
• A. flagellata var. yezoensisS. Ito & Nagai (1931) = Achlya flagellata
• A. klebsiana var. indicaChaudhuri & Kochhar (1936) = Achlya klebsiana
• A. lignicolaHildebr. (1867) = Achlya racemosa
• A. megaspermaHumphrey (1893) = Newbya megasperma
• A. mucronataZiegler (1958) = Protoachlya mucronata
• A. oblongatade Bary (1888) = Newbya oblongata
• A. oblongata var. giganticaE.J. Forbes (1935) = Newbya oblongata
• A. oblongata var. globosaHumphrey (1893) = Newbya oblongata
• A. oligocanthade Bary (1888) = Newbya oligocantha
• A. oligocantha var. brevispinaSchkorb. (1923) = Newbya oligocantha
• A. ornataT.W. Johnson & R.L. Seym. (2005) = Newbya pascuicola
• A. paradoxaCoker (1914) = Isoachlya paradoxa
• A. polyandra sensude Bary, = Achlya debaryana
• A. polyandraHildebr. (1867) = Newbya polyandra
• A. racemosa f. maximaMinden (1912) = Achlya racemosa
• A. racemosa f. polysporaSchkorb. (1923) = Achlya racemosa
• A. racemosa var. lignicola(Hildebr.) Cornu (1881) = Achlya racemosa
• A. racemosa var. maxima(Minden) Cejp (1959) = Achlya racemosa
• A. racemosa var. spinosa(de Bary) Cornu (1881) = Newbya spinosa
• A. racemosa var. stelligeraCornu (1881) = Achlya racemosa
• A. recurvaCornu (1881) = Newbya recurva
• A. spinosade Bary (1881) = Newbya spinosa
• A. stellatade Bary (1888) = Newbya stellata
• A. stellata var. multisporaJ.N. Rai & J.K. Misra (1977) = Protoachlya mucronata
• A. treleaseana(Humphrey) Kauffman (1906) = Newbya androgyna

References

1. Extension growth of the water mold Achlya: interplay of turgor and wall strength
2. Misner, I.; Blouin, N.; Leonard, G.; Richards, T. A.; Lane, C. E. (2015). "The Secreted Proteins of Achlya hypogyna and Thraustotheca clavata Identify the Ancestral Oomycete Secretome and Reveal Gene Acquisitions by Horizontal Gene Transfer". Genome Biology and Evolution . 7 (1): 120–135. doi:10.1093/gbe/evu276. PMC   4316629 . PMID   25527045.
3. "Index Fungorum - Names Record: Achlya". www.indexfungorum.org. Retrieved 2021-07-07.
4. Nees von Esenbeck, C.G.D. (1823). Carus, J.V. (ed.). "Beitrag zur Geschichte der etc. Schimmelgattungen". Nova Acta Phys.-Med. Acad. Caes. Leop.-Carol. Nat. Cur. 11: 514.
5. Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names](pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN   978-3-946292-41-8 . Retrieved January 27, 2022.
6. Saichuk, Johnny, ed. (2014). "Rice Production Handbook" (PDF). Louisiana State University Agricultural Center. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2020-12-09.
7. "Achyla - Search Page". www.speciesfungorum.org. Species Fungorum. Retrieved 24 December 2022.

• Steciow, Mónica M. (2001). "A new freshwater species of Achlya from Tierra del Fuego province, Argentina". New Zealand Journal of Botany . 39 (2): 277–283. doi: 10.1080/0028825X.2001.9512738 .

• Sosa, Emilio R.; Landsberg, Jan H.; Kiryu, Yasunari; Stephenson, Christy M.; Cody, Theresa T.; Dukeman, Angela K.; Wolfe, Heather P.; Vandersea, Mark W.; Litaker, R. Wayne (March 2007). "Pathogenicity studies with the fungi Aphanomyces invadans, Achlya bisexualis, and Phialemonium dimorphosporum: induction of skin ulcers in striped mullet". Journal of Aquatic Animal Health. 19 (1): 41–48. doi:10.1577/H06-013.1. PMID   18236631.

• Harold F M, Money N P (1992). "Extension growth of the water mold Achlya: interplay of turgor and wall strength". PNAS . 89 (10): 4245–4249. Bibcode:1992PNAS...89.4245M. doi: 10.1073/pnas.89.10.4245 . PMC   49058 . PMID   11607292.

Further reading

• Tsunehiro, Aki; Yukimasa, Matsumoto; Tsotomu, Morinaga; Seiji, Kawamoto; Seiko, Shigeta; Kazuhisa, Ono; Osamu, Suzuki (February 1999). "Lipid composition of a newly isolated polyunsaturated fatty acid producing fungus, Achyla sp. ma-2801". Journal of Fermentation and Bioengineering. 86 (5): 504–507. doi:10.1016/S0922-338X(98)80160-8.
• O'Brien, Megan A.; Misner, Ian; Lane, Christopher E. (March 2014). "Mitochondrial Genome Sequences and Comparative Genomics of Achlya hypogyna and Thraustotheca clavata". Eukaryotic Microbiology. 61 (2): 146–154. doi:10.1111/jeu.12092. PMID   24252096. S2CID   23122050.