Acraea anemosa

Last updated

Broad-bordered acraea
Neave proceedingsofzoo19101588zool 0051, 2.jpg
Male imago, f. lobemba
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Lepidoptera
Family: Nymphalidae
Genus: Acraea
Species:
A. anemosa
Binomial name
Acraea anemosa
Hewitson, 1865 [2] [3]
Synonyms
  • Acraea arcticinctaButler, 1883
  • Acraea anemosa mosanaSuffert, 1904
  • Acraea anemosa dubiosaSuffert, 1904
  • Acraea welwitschiiRogenhofer, 1893
  • Acraea anemosa ab. alboradiataAurivillius, 1899
  • Acraea anemosa ab. interruptaThurau, 1904
  • Acraea anemosa ab. discoguttataStrand, 1909
  • Acraea anemosa ab. ufipanaStrand, 1911
  • Acraea anemosa ab. urungensisStrand, 1911
  • Acraea welwitschii lobembaEltringham, 1912
  • Acraea welwitschii luteaRiley, 1921
  • Acraea welwitschii niveaRiley, 1921
  • Acraea anemosa f. conjunctaNiepelt, 1937
  • Acraea anemosa macrostictaStorace, 1949

Acraea anemosa, the broad-bordered acraea, is a butterfly of the family Nymphalidae which is native to southern Africa and coastal East Africa.

Contents

Range

It is found in Zululand, Eswatini, Transvaal, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Malawi, Zambia, southern Zaire (Shaba), Namibia, Angola, Tanzania, the coast of eastern Kenya and southern Somalia.

Description

It is a variable species with a number of described colour morphs including f. anemosa, f. arctitincta, f. mosana, f. welwitschii, f. nivea, f. alboradiata and f. lobemba. The wingspan is 50–55 mm for males and 57–64 mm for females.

A. anemosa Hew. Forewing above ochre-yellow to orange-yellow, at the base deep black to vein 2, the black colour sharply defined, at the distal margin with sharply defined black apical spot about 4 mm. in breadth and fine marginal line; a small median dot; discal dots 4 to 6 large and connected, 1b to 3 usually small or absent, the dot in 1b placed somewhat nearer to the distal margin than that in 2; hindwing above at the base and at the distal margin broadly black, and with a reddish yellow, unspotted median band. Forewing beneath coloured and marked as above; hindwing at the base and in the marginal band dotted with white; median band reddish white, proximally and distally with large red spots, which meet at the inner margin. Damaraland, Transvaal, Rhodesia; Portuguese, German and British East Africa.

Male and female of A. anemosa f. welwitschii, illustrated in Seitz (1925) SeitzFaunaAfricanaXIIITaf60, Acraea anemosa f welwitschii.jpg
Male and female of A. anemosa f. welwitschii, illustrated in Seitz (1925)
A. anemosa f. alboradiata, illustrated in Seitz (1925) SeitzFaunaAfricanaXIIITaf54, c4, alboradiata.jpg
A. anemosa f. alboradiata, illustrated in Seitz (1925)

A. welwitschi so nearly approaches anemosa that it seems to me [Aurivillius] to be scarcely an independent species. The sole difference consists in the forewing having a dark marginal band extending from the apex to the hinder angle and becoming gradually narrower posteriorly. In some forms this band is so narrow behind vein 4 that it is little broader than the marginal line in anemosa. Such forms can only be distinguished from by having the hindwing above white in the middle.

Biology

Adults are on wing year round in warmer areas with a peak from September to May in southern Africa. In cooler areas, adults can only be found from September to May. [5]

The larvae feed on Adenia venenata .

Taxonomy

Acraea anemosa is a member of the Acraea anemosa species group. The clade members are:

Classification of Acraea by Henning, Henning & Williams, Pierre. J. & Bernaud

References

  1. Woodhall, S. E.; Westrip, J. R. S. (2020). "Acraea anemosa". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . 2020: e.T161317097A161317101. doi: 10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T161317097A161317101.en . Retrieved 18 November 2021.
  2. Hewitson, W. C. 1852-1867 Illustrations of new species of exotic Butterflies selected chiefly from the collections of W. Wilson Saunders and William C. Hewitson
  3. "Acraea Fabricius, 1807" at Markku Savela's Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms
  4. Aurivillius, [P. O.] C. 1908-1924. In: Seitz, A. Die Großschmetterlinge der Erde Band 13: Abt. 2, Die exotischen Großschmetterlinge, Die afrikanischen Tagfalter, 1925, 613 Seiten, 80 Tafeln (The Macrolepidoptera of the World 13). Alfred Kernen Verlag, Stuttgart.PD-icon.svg This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain .
  5. Woodhall, Steve (2005). Field Guide to Butterflies of South Africa. Cape Town, South Africa: Struik. ISBN   978-1-86872-724-7.
  6. Henning, G. A., 1993 Phylogenetic notes on the African species of the subfamily Acraeinae. Part 2-3. (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) Metamorphosis 4 (1): 5-18, (2): 53-68
  7. Henning & Williams, 2010 Taxonomic notes on the afrotropical taxa of the tribe Acraeini Boisduval, 1833 (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Heliconiinae) Metamorphosis 21 (1): 2-38
  8. Pierre, J. & Bernaud, D., 2013 Nymphalidae XXIII. Acraea subgenus AcraeaButterflies of the World 39: 1-8, pl. 1-28 Goecke & Evers
  9. Pierre & Bernau, 2014 Classification et Liste Synonymique des Taxons du Genre Acraea pdf Archived 2014-11-12 at the Wayback Machine