Agatea

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Agatea
Agatea violaris.jpg
Agatea violaris
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Malpighiales
Family: Violaceae
Subfamily: Violoideae
Tribe: Violeae
Genus: Agatea
A.Gray [1] [2] [3]
Type species
Agatea violaris
A.Gray [4]
Species
Synonyms [2]

Agatea is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with seven accepted species, found in New Guinea and New Caledonia.

Contents

Description

Lianas or reclining shrubs with lanceolate to ovate leaves. The flowers are in terminal pseudo-racemes or racemoids, with white corollas that are strongly zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) with the very large bottom petal differentiated into a claw and blade and saccate (pouch like) at the base. On the five stamens, the filaments are weakly connate with the two lowest anthers weakly calcarate (spurred) and possessing a large dorsal connective appendage that is entire and oblong-ovate. In the gynoecium, the style is filiform (threadlike) to clavate (club like). The fruit is a thin to thick-walled capsule with 3 or 6 valves. There are two seeds per carpel, that are strongly flattened and encircled with a broad thin wing. The chromosome number is 2n=16. [5] [6] [7]

Taxonomy

The genus Agatea was first described by Gray in 1852, [8] following the United States Exploring Expedition of 1838–1842, and therefore bears his name, A.Gray, as the botanical authority. [4] Gray's description was of the single species, Agatea violaris, which is thus the type species. His report was published in full in 1854. [9]

Early taxonomic schemes such as Bentham and Hooker (1862) [10] placed Agatea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Violinae. [6] [11] For a while, the name Agatea was disputed, and Agation used instead, but this was resolved in favor of the former name. [12] The genus has also been subject to over-description resulting from polymorphism.

Agatea is one of four lianescent genera in Violaceae, together with Calyptrion Ging. , Anchietea A.St.-Hil. and the more recently discovered (2003) Hybanthopsis Paula-Souza. [13] In earlier classifications primarily based on floral morphology these were distributed among separate subtribes, but molecular phylogenetic studies has now grouped them together into a single lianescent clade, one of four within the family. Earlier schemes had placed Agatea within subfamily Violoideae, tribe Violeae, subtribe Hybanthinae, with Hybanthopsis but Calyptrion and Anchietea in subtribe Violinae. [5] [11]

Etymology

The genus is named for the botanical draughtsman on the expedition, Alfred T. Agate. [8]

Species

Although estimates of the number of species has varied between one [12] and ten, [7] there are seven [14] or eight [2] generally-accepted species.

New species, e.g. A. lecointei and A. veillonii, continue to be discovered, these two in New Caledonia in 2001. [12]

Distribution and habitat

Agatea are native to New Guinea and some nearby South Pacific islands including New Caledonia, and are found in monsoon forests. [5] [2]

Related Research Articles

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The Malpighiales comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants, containing about 36 families and more than 16,000 species, about 7.8% of the eudicots. The order is very diverse, containing plants as different as the willow, violet, poinsettia, manchineel, rafflesia and coca plant, and are hard to recognize except with molecular phylogenetic evidence. It is not part of any of the classification systems based only on plant morphology. Molecular clock calculations estimate the origin of stem group Malpighiales at around 100 million years ago (Mya) and the origin of crown group Malpighiales at about 90 Mya.

<i>Viola</i> (plant) Genus of flowering plants

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Salicaceae</span> Family of plants

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Violaceae</span> Family of flowering plants in the eudicot order Malpighiales, including violets and pansies

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Phyllanthaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Ochnaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

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<i>Hybanthus</i> Genus of flowering plants in Eudicot family Violaceae

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Amaryllidaceae</span> Family of flowering plants

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<i>Peltanthera</i> Genus of flowering plants

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<i>Isodendrion</i> Genus of flowering plants

Isodendrion is a plant genus in the family Violaceae. It includes four species native to the Hawaiian Islands.

<i>Schweiggeria</i> Genus of flowering plants in Eudicot family Violaceae

Schweiggeria is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with one or two species, found in eastern Brazil.

<i>Noisettia</i> Genus of flowering plants in Eudicot family Violaceae

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<i>Calyptrion</i> Genus of flowering plants in Eudicot family Violaceae

Calyptrion is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with four known species.

<i>Anchietea</i> Genus of flowering plants in Eudicot family Violaceae

Anchietea is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with six accepted species, found in tropical South America.

Hybanthopsis is a genus of flowering plants in the violet family Violaceae, with a single accepted species, found in north-east Brazil.

<i>Pombalia</i> Genus of flowering plant

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References

  1. 1 2 WFO 2019.
  2. 1 2 3 4 POTWO 2020.
  3. IPNI 2020.
  4. 1 2 Tropicos 2020.
  5. 1 2 3 Ballard et al 2013.
  6. 1 2 Byng 2014.
  7. 1 2 3 Wahlert et al 2014.
  8. 1 2 Gray 1852.
  9. Gray 1854.
  10. Bentham & Hooker 1862.
  11. 1 2 de Paula-Souza & Pirani 2014.
  12. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Munzinger 2001.
  13. de Paula-Souza & Souza 2003.
  14. Christenhusz et al 2017.
  15. 1 2 3 INPN 2020.

Bibliography

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