Agatha Christie's Marple

Last updated

Agatha Christie's Marple
Agatha Christie Marple.jpg
Also known asMarple
Starring
Music by Dominik Scherrer
Country of origin United Kingdom
Original languageEnglish
No. of series6
No. of episodes23 (list of episodes)
Production
Running time88–94 minutes
Production companies
Original release
Network ITV
Release12 December 2004 (2004-12-12) –
29 December 2013 (2013-12-29)
Related
Miss Marple

Agatha Christie's Marple (or simply Marple) is a British ITV television programme loosely based on books and short stories by British crime novelist Agatha Christie. The title character was played by Geraldine McEwan from the first to the third series, until her retirement from the role, and by Julia McKenzie from the fourth series onwards. Unlike the counterpart TV series Agatha Christie's Poirot , the show took many liberties with Christie’s works, most notably adding Miss Marple’s character to the adaptations of novels in which she never appeared. Following the conclusion of the sixth series, the BBC acquired the rights for the production of Agatha Christie adaptations, suggesting that ITV would be unable to make a seventh series of Marple. [1] [2]

Contents

Premise

Agatha Christie's Marple follows the adventures of Miss Jane Marple, an elderly spinster living in the quiet little village of St. Mary Mead. During her many visits to friends and relatives in other villages (and sometimes when simply being at home), Miss Marple often stumbles upon or hears about mysterious murders, which she helps solve. Although the police are sometimes reluctant to accept Miss Marple's help, her reputation and unparalleled powers of observation eventually win them over.

During her adventures, Miss Marple is aided by close friends, relatives, or other allies that she meets, which include Tommy and Tuppence (protagonists of another series of Christie novels).[ citation needed ]

Cast and characters

The only character to appear in every episode is Miss Marple herself, played by Geraldine McEwan through series 3 and by Julia McKenzie from series 4 onwards. [3] [4]

A few other characters appear in more than one episode, although they are not always played by the same actor. Exceptions are Joanna Lumley, who plays Mrs Dolly Bantry in The Body in the Library and The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side, [5] and Stephen Churchett, who appears as the coroner in four episodes.

Dr Haydock appears in three episodes, but is played by three actors: Robin Soans in The Body in the Library, Robert Powell in The Murder at the Vicarage and Neil Stuke in The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side. Jason Rafiel, an old friend of Marple's, was voiced by Herbert Lom (who also made an on-screen appearance as Mr Dufosse in The Murder at the Vicarage) in Nemesis and played by Antony Sher in A Caribbean Mystery.

The series also featured real-life characters: Winston Churchill appeared in The Sittaford Mystery , Noël Coward in 4.50 from Paddington , Louis Armstrong in At Bertram's Hotel , and Ian Fleming and James Bond in A Caribbean Mystery .

Episodes

SeriesEpisodesOriginally aired
First airedLast aired
1 412 December 2004 (2004-12-12)2 January 2005 (2005-01-02)
2 45 February 2006 (2006-02-05)30 April 2006 (2006-04-30)
3 423 September 2007 (2007-09-23)1 January 2009 (2009-01-01)
4 46 September 2009 (2009-09-06)15 June 2011 (2011-06-15)
5 430 August 2010 (2010-08-30)2 January 2011 (2011-01-02)
6 316 June 2013 (2013-06-16)29 December 2013 (2013-12-29)

Each series consists of four feature-length episodes, except series six which has only three episodes. The first six episodes were all adaptations of Miss Marple novels by Christie. Subsequent episodes were derived from works featuring Miss Marple and Christie novels that did not feature the character. The title of the series removes the word Miss from Miss Marple, to match the title of Agatha Christie's Poirot series. [6]

Production

Marple was filmed in various locations, including London, the villages of Englefield in Berkshire, Chilham in Kent, Turville in Buckinghamshire and Blewbury in Oxfordshire.[ citation needed ]

Windsor Guildhall in Windsor was featured as the fictional Melchester in Murder at the Vicarage ,[ citation needed ] the interior of Highclere Castle was used in 4.50 From Paddington ,[ citation needed ] and Knebworth House was used that work and in The Adventure of the Christmas Pudding and in Greenshaw's Folly .[ citation needed ] Hatfield House was used as Chimneys in The Secret of Chimneys .[ citation needed ]

Hambleden was used as St Mary Mead and Dorney Court featured in The Body in the Library as Gossington Hall, home of the Bantrys, and also as the vicarage in "The Moving Finger" Fawley Court in Buckinghamshire was used as Stoneygates in They Do It with Mirrors and The Grotto was used as the exterior of the secret folly in Endless Night .[ clarification needed ] [7]

In Why Didn't They Ask Evans? , the Castle Savage scenes were largely filmed at Loseley Park near Guildford.[ citation needed ] A Caribbean Mystery was filmed in Cape Town, South Africa, although the beach scenes were shot at Boulders Beach.[ citation needed ] For the production based on Endless Night , scenes were filmed in Dorchester. [8]

The exterior of Marina Gregg's house in The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side were filmed at North Mymms Park,[ citation needed ] and the cemetery in Nemesis was filmed at Waverley Abbey.[ citation needed ]

Adaptations and changes from novels

Christie's twelve novels featuring Miss Marple were all adapted for the series. The Murder at the Vicarage , The Body in the Library , 4.50 from Paddington , and A Murder is Announced in Series 1, Sleeping Murder and The Moving Finger in Series 2, At Bertram's Hotel and Nemesis in Series 3, A Pocket Full of Rye and They Do It with Mirrors in Series 4, The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side in Series 5 and A Caribbean Mystery in Series 6.

In addition, several short stories featuring Miss Marple were adapted into full-length episodes across the series. The Blue Geranium in Series 5, elements of The Herb of Death were incorporated into the adaptation of The Secret of Chimneys in Series 5, while Greenshaw's Folly and The Thumb Mark of St. Peter were combined into one story for Series 6.

Across the twenty-three adaptations, many changes have been made from the source material.

Worldwide distribution

Agatha Christie's Marple was originally aired in the United States on PBS within the anthology series Mystery! , where it is presented as Agatha Christie's "Miss Marple", before airing on the anthology series Masterpiece Theatre . [9] The series is broadcast to the whole of Canada on CBC and in French on Radio-Canada. In Australia, Agatha Christie's Marple airs on ABC1.

Marple is also being broadcast on ATV World in Hong Kong, on EBS and MegaTV in South Korea and on CCTV-8 in China. China, however, refused to show The Body in the Library and Murder Is Easy, due to the involvement of a lesbian and an incestuous relationship respectively. Why Didn't They Ask Evans? was extensively edited, due to the involvement of War-period China.

In Norway, the series has been airing on state broadcaster NRK1 as "Miss Marple". In Sweden, Marple airs on TV4, the biggest commercial TV station. In Poland, the series airs on Ale Kino+. In the Czech Republic it is broadcast under the title Slečna Marplová, Czech for "Miss Marple".

In Brazil, the series airs on HBO Brasil. In the Netherlands it is broadcast on BBC First.

Reception

Ratings

SeriesNo.TitleAir dateRatingsAve. ratingsRef.
ViewersRankViewersRank
11 The Body in the Library 12 December 20048.72147.7015 [10]
2 The Murder at the Vicarage 19 December 20048.3611
3 4.50 from Paddington 26 December 20045.9522
4 A Murder Is Announced 2 January 20057.7814
21 Sleeping Murder 5 February 20068.74127.7913 [10]
2 The Moving Finger 12 February 20067.8914
3 By the Pricking of My Thumbs 19 February 20067.9314
4 The Sittaford Mystery 30 April 20066.5813
31 At Bertram's Hotel 23 September 20075.41175.3219 [10]
2 Ordeal by Innocence 30 September 20075.5419
3 Towards Zero 3 August 20085.8411
4 Nemesis 1 January 20094.4827
41 A Pocket Full of Rye 6 September 20095.39144.9215 [10]
2 Murder Is Easy 13 September 20094.8616
3 They Do It with Mirrors 1 January 20105.5512
4 Why Didn't They Ask Evans? 15 June 20113.8616
51 The Pale Horse 30 August 20104.97154.9915 [10]
2 The Secret of Chimneys 27 December 20104.6916
3 The Blue Geranium 29 December 20105.7113
4 The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side 2 January 20114.5817
61 A Caribbean Mystery 16 June 20134.31134.4214 [10]
2 Greenshaw's Folly 23 June 20134.3914
3 Endless Night 29 December 20134.5714

Awards and nominations

In 2005, Geraldine McEwan was nominated for a Satellite Award for Best Actress – Miniseries or Television Film for her performance in Series 1. [11] The series was also nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Special Class Program, in 2005. [12] In 2006, series composer, Dominik Scherrer was the winner of a Gold Medal at the New York Festivals for TV Programming & Promotion - Craft: Program - Best Original Music/Lyrics, as well as receiving an Ivor Novello Award nomination for Best Television Soundtrack, in 2011. [13] The series was Inducted into the Online Film & Television Association – Television Hall of Fame: Productions, in 2014. [14]

Home media

In the United States, Agatha Christie's Marple was made available on DVD from Acorn Media, where the entire series is available in individual sets, and a set containing the first three series. The series has been released in it’s entirety, in both individual and complete sets, in the UK, via ITV DVD, and in Australia, originally from ABC DVD, then Roadshow Entertainment. The series will, for the first time, receive a Blu-ray release, consisting of the first three series in a limited edition set from ViaVision in Australia, in 2024. In Germany, the DVDs were distributed by Polyband/WVG in individual sets, a complete limited edition set, followed by a complete standard edition set.

SeriesRelease date
Region 1 Region 2
(UK)		 Region 2
(Germany)		 Region 4 [a] Region B
(Blu-ray Australia)
Series 124 May 2005 [16] 14 March 2005 [17] 27 September 2019 [18] 7 April 2005 [b] —
Series 229 August 2006 [19] 17 July 2006 [20] 29 November 2019 [21] 1 August 2007—
Series 39 October 2007 [22] 6 October 2008 [23] 31 January 2020 [24] 1 April 2010 [25] —
Series 44 August 2009 [26] 4 January 2010 [27] 27 March 2020 [28] 4 November 2010 [29] —
Series 531 August 2010 [30] 20 June 2011 [31] 26 June 2020 [32] 3 November 2011 [33] —
Series 630 September 2014 [34] 6 January 2014 [35] 28 August 2020 [36] 2 April 2014 [37] —
Collection sets
Series 1 & 2—17 July 2006 [38] —7 November 2007 [39] —
Series 1–32 November 2010 [40] 31 May 2010 [41] —8 July 2020 [42] 4 December 2024 [43]
Series 1–4—16 August 2010 [44] ———
Series 1–5—15 August 2011 [45] ———
Series 4–6———17 February 2021 [46] [47] —
Series 1–6—13 January 2014 [48] 13 November 2020 [49] [c] 6 October 2021 [51] —
  1. ↑ Series 1–5 were re-released individually on 3 April 2013 in a new style off DVD artwork. [15] The same artwork used for the premiere release of Series 6 (2014).
  2. ↑ Series 1 was originally released in the four episodes over four individual dvds. They were all re-released in 2007 within a slip box.
  3. ↑ In addition to the 2020 limited edition set, the complete series was re-released in a standard edition set on 26 March 2021. [50]

Related Research Articles

Miss Jane Marple is a fictional character in Agatha Christie's crime novels and short stories. Miss Marple lives in the village of St Mary Mead and acts as an amateur consulting detective. Often characterised as an elderly spinster, she is one of Christie's best-known characters and has been portrayed numerous times on screen. Her first appearance was in a short story published in The Royal Magazine in December 1927, "The Tuesday Night Club", which later became the first chapter of The Thirteen Problems (1932). Her first appearance in a full-length novel was in The Murder at the Vicarage in 1930, and her last appearance was in Sleeping Murder in 1976.

<i>Agatha Christies Poirot</i> British television detective series (1989–2013)

Agatha Christie's Poirot, or simply Poirot, is a British mystery drama television programme that aired on ITV from 8 January 1989 to 13 November 2013. The ITV show is based on many of Agatha Christie's famous crime fiction series, which revolves around the fictional private investigator Hercule Poirot. David Suchet stars as the title character. Initially produced by LWT, the series was later produced by ITV Studios. The series also aired on VisionTV in Canada and on PBS and A&E in the US.

<i>Sleeping Murder</i> 1976 Miss Marple novel by Agatha Christie

Sleeping Murder: Miss Marple's Last Case is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in October 1976 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed for £3.50 and the US edition for $7.95.

<i>The Mirror Crackd from Side to Side</i> 1962 Miss Marple novel by Agatha Christie

The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side, a novel by Agatha Christie, was published in the UK in 1962 and a year later in the US under the title The Mirror Crack'd. The story features amateur detective Miss Marple solving a mystery in St. Mary Mead.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Joan Hickson</span> British actress (1906–1998)

Joan Bogle Hickson OBE was an English actress of theatre, film and television. She was known for her role as Agatha Christie's Miss Marple in the television series Miss Marple. She also narrated a number of Miss Marple stories on audiobooks.

<i>The Mirror Crackd</i> 1980 film by Guy Hamilton

The Mirror Crack'd is a 1980 British mystery film directed by Guy Hamilton from a screenplay by Jonathan Hales and Barry Sandler, based on Agatha Christie's Miss Marple novel The Mirror Crack'd from Side to Side (1962). It stars Angela Lansbury, Geraldine Chaplin, Tony Curtis, Edward Fox, Rock Hudson, Kim Novak, and Elizabeth Taylor. Scenes were filmed at Twickenham Film Studios in Twickenham, London, and on location in Kent.

<i>The Murder at the Vicarage</i> 1930 Miss Marple novel by Agatha Christie

The Murder at the Vicarage is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in October 1930 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at seven shillings and sixpence and the US edition at $2.00.

<i>A Murder Is Announced</i> 1950 novel by Agatha Christie

A Murder Is Announced is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in June 1950 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in the same month. The UK edition sold for eight shillings and sixpence (8/6) and the US edition at $2.50.

<i>A Caribbean Mystery</i> 1964 Miss Marple novel by Agatha Christie

A Caribbean Mystery is a work of detective fiction by British writer Agatha Christie, first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club on 16 November 1964 and in the United States by Dodd, Mead and Company the following year. The UK edition retailed at sixteen shillings (16/-) and the US edition at $4.50. It features the detective Miss Marple.

<i>Nemesis</i> (Christie novel) 1971 Miss Marple novel by Agatha Christie

Nemesis is a work of detective fiction by Agatha Christie (1890–1976) and first published in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in November 1971 and in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company later in the same year. The UK edition retailed at £1.50 and the US edition at $6.95. It was the last Miss Marple novel the author wrote, although Sleeping Murder was the last Miss Marple novel to be published.

John Michael Frederick Castle is an English actor. He is best known for his film and television work, most notably playing Bill in Michelangelo Antonioni's Blowup (1966) and Geoffrey in The Lion in Winter (1968). Other significant credits include Man of La Mancha (1972), I, Claudius (1976) and RoboCop 3 (1993).

<i>Miss Marples Final Cases and Two Other Stories</i> 1979 short story collection written by Agatha Christie

Miss Marple's Final Cases and Two Other Stories is a short story collection written by Agatha Christie and first published in the UK by Collins Crime Club in October 1979 retailing at £4.50. It was the last Christie book to be published under the Collins Crime Club imprint although HarperCollins continue to be the writer's UK publishers.

<i>Double Sin and Other Stories</i> 1961 collection by Agatha Christie

Double Sin and Other Stories is a short story collection written by Agatha Christie and first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in 1961 and retailed for $3.50. The collection contains eight short stories and was not published in the UK; however all of the stories were published in other UK collections.

<i>Miss Marple</i> (TV series) BBC adaptation of the novels by Agatha Christie starring Joan Hickson

Miss Marple, titled Agatha Christie's Miss Marple in the series, is a British television series based on the Miss Marple murder mystery novels by Agatha Christie, starring Joan Hickson in the title role. It aired from 26 December 1984 to 27 December 1992 on BBC One. All twelve original Miss Marple novels by Christie were dramatised.

In Agatha Christie's mystery novels, several characters cross over different sagas, creating a fictional universe in which most of her stories are set. This article has one table to summarize the novels with characters who occur in other Christie novels; the table is titled Crossovers by Christie. There is brief mention of characters crossing over in adaptations of the novels. Her publications, both novels and short stories, are then listed by main detective, in order of publication. Some stories or novels authorised by the estate of Agatha Christie, using the characters she created, and written long after Agatha Christie died, are included in the lists.

Lists of adaptations of the works of Agatha Christie:

Sir Henry Clithering is a fictional character who appears in a series of short stories by Agatha Christie, featuring Jane Marple. The stories were first published in monthly magazines starting in 1927, and then collected into a hard-bound collection, The Thirteen Problems in 1932. Clithering also appeared in several novels featuring Miss Marple.

Raymond West is a fictional character who appears or is mentioned in several of Agatha Christie's novels and short stories featuring Jane Marple.

Miss Marple is a series of full cast BBC Radio drama adaptations of Agatha Christie's Miss Marple stories. The original series consisted of adaptations of all twelve Miss Marple novels, dramatised by Michael Bakewell and directed by Enyd Williams. They were broadcast on BBC Radio 4 between 1993 and 2001 and starred June Whitfield as Miss Marple.

References

  1. ↑ "David Walliams heralds new era for BBC as the new home of Agatha Christie adaptations", Radio Times, 28 February 2014, archived from the original on 23 March 2014, retrieved 23 March 2014.
  2. ↑ "Case closed: ITV's Miss Marple", The Mirror, UK, 28 February 2014.
  3. ↑ "McKenzie lands 'Miss Marple' role". Digital Spy . 11 February 2008.
  4. ↑ Brook, Stephen (11 February 2008). "Julia McKenzie confirmed as ITV1's new Miss Marple". The Guardian.
  5. ↑ Shillcock, Francesca (17 July 2020). "7 celebrities you didn't know had cameos in Agatha Christie's Marple". Hello! . Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  6. ↑ "Media, books", The Guardian, United Kingdom, 22 October 2004.
  7. ↑ "Houses". Archived from the original on 22 February 2015. Retrieved 22 February 2015.
  8. ↑ "Shooting starts in Dorchester for new Miss Marple". Oxford Mail. 9 April 2013.
  9. ↑ "Miss Marple". pbs.org. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Weekly top 30 programmes on TV sets (July 1998 – Sept 2018)". Barb Audiences . Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  11. ↑ "GERALDINE MCEWAN Overview". agathachristie.com. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  12. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Miss Marple (Mystery!) Awards & Nominations". emmys.com. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  13. ↑ "Dominik Scherrer Credits". dominikscherrer.com. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  14. ↑ "Television Hall of Fame Inductees: Productions". oftaawards.com. Archived from the original on 26 October 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2024.
  15. ↑ Region 4 re-release DVDs:
  16. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Marple - Set 1". dvdtalk.com. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  17. ↑ "Marple: A Collection". musicmagpie.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  18. ↑ "Agatha Christie: MARPLE - Staffel 1 - Erstmals die komplette erste Staffel mit allen vier Langfolgen [2 DVDs]". amazon.de. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  19. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Marple - Series 2". dvdtalk.com. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  20. ↑ "Marple: The Complete Series 2". musicmagpie.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  21. ↑ "Agatha Christie: MARPLE - Staffel 2 [2 DVDs]". amazon.de. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  22. ↑ "DVD Releases for October 9, 2007". the-numbers.com. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  23. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Marple Series 3 [DVD][2007] (Towards Zero / Nemesis / Ordeal by Innocence / At Bertram's Hotel)". amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  24. ↑ "Agatha Christie: MARPLE - Staffel 3 [2 DVDs]". amazon.de. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  25. ↑ "Agatha Christie [Region 4] Miss Marple – Season 3". fishpond.com.au. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  26. ↑ "Agatha Christie - Marple - Series 4". musicmagpie.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  27. ↑ "Marple: The Complete Series 4". musicmagpie.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  28. ↑ "Agatha Christie: MARPLE - Staffel 4 [2 DVDs]". amazon.de. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  29. ↑ "Agatha Christie [Region 4] Miss Marple – Season 4". fishpond.com.au. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  30. ↑ "Agatha Christie Marple: Series 5". musicmagpie.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  31. ↑ "Marple: The Complete Series 5". amazon.de. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  32. ↑ "Agatha Christie: MARPLE - Staffel 5 [2 DVDs]". amazon.de. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  33. ↑ "Agatha Christie [Region 4] Miss Marple – Season 5". musicmagpie.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  34. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Marple, Series 6". dvdtalk.com. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  35. ↑ "Marple: The Complete Series 6". musicmagpie.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  36. ↑ "Agatha Christie: MARPLE - Staffel 6 [2 DVDs]". amazon.de. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  37. ↑ "Agatha Christie [Region 4] Marple 6 (A Caribbean Mystery / Greenshaw's Folly / Endless Night)". fishpond.com.au. Retrieved 18 September 2024.
  38. ↑ "Marple: The Complete Series 1". musicmagpie.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2024. (DVD listed on website as Series 1, but set actually contains both Series 1 & 2)
  39. ↑ "Miss Marple Box Set – [Region 4]". fishpond.com.au. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  40. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Marple - The Geraldine McEwan Collection (12-DVD)". oldies.com. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  41. ↑ "Marple: The Collection - Series 1-3 [DVD]". amazon.co.uk. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  42. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Miss – Marple [Region 4]". fishpond.com.au. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  43. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Marple: Series 1 – 3 – Blu-ray Limited Edition". viavision.com.au. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  44. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Marple - The Collection Series 1 - 4". World of Books . Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  45. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Marple - Series 1-5 Complete". World of Books . Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  46. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Miss – Marple Series 4–6 [Region 4]". fishpond.com.au. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
  47. ↑ "Agatha Christie's Marple Series 4 - 6". Booktopia . Retrieved 16 September 2024.
  48. ↑ "Marple: The Collection - Series 1-6". HMV . Retrieved 15 September 2024.
  49. ↑ "Agatha Christie: Marple - Die komplette Serie im hochwertigen BookPac mit 6-teiligem Postkarten-Set [Limited Collector's Edition][13 DVDs] (exklusiv bei Amazon)". amazon.de. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  50. ↑ "Agatha Christie: Marple - Die komplette Serie. Collector's Box. - Alle sechs Staffeln. Alle 23 Episoden. Plus exklusives Bonusmaterial. [13 DVDs]". amazon.de. Retrieved 25 September 2024.
  51. ↑ "Marple: The Complete Series [Region 4]". fishpond.com.au. Retrieved 14 September 2024.
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