 Soul Grind | |
| Nicknames | Aggressive skating, Street skating, Rollerblading, Blading |
|---|---|
| First organized | 1990s |
| Characteristics | |
| Type | Outdoor or indoor |
| Equipment | Aggressive inline skates |
| Presence | |
| World Championships |
|
Aggressive inline skating is a sub-discipline of inline skating in the action sports canon. Aggressive inline skates are specially modified to accommodate grinds and jumps. Aggressive skating can take place on found street obstacles or at skate parks.
In 1980, a group of ice hockey players in Minnesota were looking for a way to practice during the summer. [1] Scott and Brennan Olson formed the company Rollerblade, Inc., to sell skates with four polyurethane wheels arranged in a straight line on the bottom of a padded boot. [1] In 1988, Rollerblade introduced the first aggressive inline skate, the Rollerblade Lightning TRS. Aggressive inline skating developed as an organized sport in the early 1990s. [2] In 1994 the National Inline Skate Series, better known as NISS, was launched as the first aggressive skating competition series. Promoters Rick Stark and Mark Billik sold Taco Bell on sponsoring the series for $150,000 and a six stop series was born. NISS, went strong for 5 years holding contests in Los Angeles, New York, Rome and Brazil. NISS was the first series to put aggressive inline on television with an ESPN deal for the 1994 series and later moving the competition series to PRIME TICKET-Fox Sports. The Aggressive Skaters Association (ASA) was formed by a number of aggressive inline skaters in 1995 as a forum to develop rules governing competitions and equipment. [2] The sport was included in the first ESPN X-Games in 1995 and included vertical ramp and street event competitions. [3] It reached its height in popularity in the late 90s, with mainstream movies like Disney's Brink! and other films. The brand "Senate", run by Arlo Eisenberg and several other prominent skaters, enjoyed mainstream popularity during the 1990s.
Founded by company owners/skating legends Brian Shima, Jon Julio, and Kato Mateu and supported by all major skate companies, the World Rolling Series (WRS) links together the best skaters as Pablo Skorpanich, Brian Aragon, Cesar Mora, Jon Julio, event organizers, retailers and skate parks and aims to "create a tighter knit community, increase overall awareness and set a higher standard for aggressive rollerblading." The WRS circuit started in 2009 with 10 established professional contests in France, Netherlands, England, Spain, Argentina, Australia and the United States. In 2012, WRS included 100+ amateurs and professional events in over 20 countries. [4]
Aggressive inline skating was removed from the ESPN X-Games in 2005 although it is still included in the Asian X Games, LG Action Sports Competitions, Montpellier Fise, and many other large competitions, some associated with WRS, some not. [5]
Due to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, World Skate banned Russian and Belarusian athletes and officials from its competitions, and will not stage any events in Russia or Belarus in 2022. [6]
Aggressive skates are identifiable from recreational or speed skates by a prominent gap in between the second and third wheels (The H-Block) which allows for grinds perpendicular to the direction of the wheels. A hard plastic surface on the sole of the boot known as a "Sole plate" or "Soul Plate" allows grinds parallel to the direction of the wheels. From these grind surfaces comes a lexicon of well known grind stances, though sliding can occur on any surface of the boot or wheels. Aggressive skates typically have much smaller wheels than traditional inline skates. The small size allows for more freedom when grinding as there is less risk of catching and sticking. Aggressive skate wheels often feature a flat profile to accommodate the impact from jumping tall heights. In recent years aggressive skates have begun to adopt larger frames and wheels, in what is seen as a bridging of the various inline disciplines. [7]
| Part | Definition |
|---|---|
| Cuff | An ankle support cuff with an adjustable strap |
| Shell | A boot made of high-impact plastic that surrounds and protects the feet |
| Liner | A soft inner boot |
| Buckle | Cuff locking system |
| Shock Absorber | Soft resin part placed under liners that absorbs impact from landing |
| Soul plate | A flat, hard plastic plate on the outer sole of the boot. Modern models have replaceable soul plates |
| Negative soul plate | A flat, hard plastic plate on the inner sole of the boot |
| Frame | A hard plastic chassis for the wheels. UFS - Universal Frame System is unified type of frame with flat top area and fits all modern skates |
| Backslide plate | A grinding area flush with the soul plate, near the middle of the boot, used for grinding on the boot |
| H-Block | Area on frame between inner wheels that locks on obstacle and grinds |
| Wheels | Two to four polyurethane wheels with bearings |
| Anti-rocker wheels | The two inner wheels smaller diameter made of plastic or hard urethane placed in the middle of frame, installed to make grinds easier on wider surfaces. |
The frame is the wheel-holding chassis underneath the boot of the skate. The common feature of aggressive skate frames is the space between the second and third wheels known as an H-Block. H-Blocks are designed as an intended grind space, with varying sizes and designs to accommodate different styles of skating. Like all skate parts, frames were initially an integrated part of the boot and were not interchangeable. As aggressive skate designs developed, replaceable parts became standard. In the late 1990s, the Universal Frame System (UFS) was introduced. The standard allowed any UFS frame to fit any UFS compatible boot for greater setup customization. [8] Today, all major aggressive frame and skate manufacturers support UFS. Aggressive skate frames are designed to accommodate the four primary wheel setups: Flat, Anti-Rocker, Freestyle and Hi-Low.
Aggressive skate wheels are usually between 54 and 72mm, while anti-rocker wheels are between 40 and 47mm. The balance between hardness and grip is the key to an optimum skate wheel.
Anti-rocker wheels are small, hard wheels designed for grinding rather than rolling. Their size allows for easier access to the H-block when installed in the 2nd and 3rd wheel positions. Anti-rocker wheels are typically made of high durometer urethane or plastic, allowing them to slide while grinding. Despite not rolling on the ground, anti-rockers are capable of rotating should they make contact with hard surfaces; which many find superior to having no wheels in the center positions (a sliding hazard). "Anti-rocker" refers to the inverse size of the 2nd and 3rd wheels compared to the 1st and 4th; whereas a "rockered" wheel setup consists of smaller wheels in the 1st and 4th positions to simulate the curvature of an ice-skate blade. Riding without center wheels is known as a "Freestyle" setup, and offers the maximum potential space to grind. Anti-Rocker and freestyle setups are generally less maneuverable than flat setups due to a lack of central pivot points under the foot. Hi-Low setups combine wheels of differing sizes that all make ground contact.
Skate videos began in 1993 with the release of "Dare to Air", a Video Groove series and "Air Attack". K2, Bauer and Rollerblade were early proponents of the sport and released their own videos. Senate, arguably the first inline-only company, released a number of influential films during the 1990s. [9] Videogroove, Mindgame, Razors, KFC, and Valo released a number of notable films during the early 2000s. During this period the genre transitioned from VHS to DVD like much of the rest of the entertainment industry. They have similarly transitioned to the digital format since the 2010s.
Skate videos, like their skateboarding and BMX counterparts, feature skaters both professional and amateur, in "edits," segments of skating usually accompanied by one or more songs. Music is often used without permission. Alternatively, original music is sometimes created specifically for the film.
A 2006 documentary, Barely Dead, gives an overview of skating, focusing on its popularity and decline.
The largest aggressive inline skating focused competitions are:
Ice skates are metal blades attached underfoot and used to propel the bearer across a sheet of ice while ice skating.
Inline skates are a type of roller skate used for inline skating. Unlike typical roller skates, which have two front and two rear wheels, inline skates typically have two to five wheels arranged in a single line. Some, especially those for recreation, have a rubber "stop" or "brake" block attached to the rear of one or occasionally both of the skates so that the skater can slow down or stop by leaning back on the foot with the brake skate.
Roller skating is the act of travelling on surfaces with roller skates. It is a recreational activity, a sport, and a form of transportation. Roller rinks and skate parks are built for roller skating, though it also takes place on streets, sidewalks, and bike paths.
Inline speed skating is the roller sport of racing on inline skates. The sport may also be called inline racing or speed skating by participants. Although it primarily evolved from racing on traditional roller skates, the sport is similar enough to ice speed skating that many competitors are known to switch between inline and ice speed skating according to the season.
Skating involves any sports or recreational activity which consists of traveling on surfaces or on ice using skates, and may refer to:
Inline skating is a multi-disciplinary sport and can refer to a number of activities practiced using inline skates. Inline skates typically have two to five polyurethane wheels depending on the style of practice, arranged in a single line by a metal or plastic frame on the underside of a boot. The in-line design allows for greater speed and maneuverability than traditional roller skates. Following this basic design principle, inline skates can be modified to varying degrees to accommodate niche disciplines.
The Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports was the world governing body for roller sports, including skateboarding, rink hockey, inline hockey, inline speed skating, inline alpine, downhill, roller derby, roller freestyle, inline freestyle, aggressive inline skating, inline figure skating and artistic roller skating. It was established in April 1924 in Montreux, Switzerland by two Swiss sportsmen, Fred Renkewitz and Otto Myer, who had close connections to the International Olympic Committee.
Roller skates are shoes or bindings that fit onto shoes that are worn to enable the wearer to roll along on wheels. The first roller skate was an inline skate design, effectively an ice skate with wheels replacing the blade. Later the "quad skate" style became more popular, consisting of four wheels arranged in the same configuration as a typical car.
Artistic roller skating is a competitive sport similar to figure skating but where competitors wear roller skates instead of ice skates. Within artistic roller skating, there are several disciplines:
Soap was the brand name of shoes made for grinding, similar to aggressive inline skating. They were introduced by Chris Morris of Artemis Innovations Inc. with the brand name "Soap" in 1996. They have a plastic concavity in the sole, which allows the wearer to grind on objects such as pipes, handrails and stone ledges. The company and its product rapidly gained popularity through fan sites, a video game and live demonstrations. Soap fell to legal vulnerabilities and was sold twice, eventually bringing the brand to Heeling Sports Limited.
Zytel is a trademark owned by Celanese and used to make different high-strength, abrasion, and impact-resistant thermoplastic polyamide formulations, in the family of material more commonly known as nylon. The Zytel product line is based mostly on nylon 66, but also includes grades based on nylon 6 as a matrix, long chain nylons such as nylon 610, and copolymers including a transparent resin called Zytel 330. Resins based on polyphthalamides are branded 'Zytel HTN'. The Zytel product range takes advantage of the fact that nylons are one of the most compatible polymers with modifiers and so offers grades with varying degrees of fiberglass, from 13% to 60%, rubber toughened resins and flame retarded grades. Nylon resins with mineral reinforcements are branded 'Minlon'.
Roller skiing is an off-snow equivalent to cross-country skiing. Roller skis have wheels on their ends and are used on a hard surface, to emulate cross-country skiing. The skiing techniques used are very similar to techniques used in cross-country skiing on snow.
Roller sports are sports that use human powered vehicles which use rolling either by gravity or various pushing techniques. Typically ball bearings and polyurethane wheels are used for momentum and traction respectively, and attached to devices or vehicles that the roller puts his weight on. The international governing body is World Skate.
Aaron Benjamin Feinberg is an American inline skater, born in Gainesville, Florida. Feinberg resides in Portland, Oregon and has been skating since he was 12 years old.
Freestyle slalom skating is a highly technical field of roller skating that involves performing tricks around a straight line of equally spaced cones. The most common spacing used in competitions is 80 centimetres (31 in), with larger competitions also featuring lines spaced at 50 centimetres (20 in) and 120 centimetres (47 in).
Arlo Eisenberg is an aggressive inline skater who pioneered street skating. He is considered by many to be an important innovator of the aggressive skating industry.
Blading can refer to;
Vert skating or vertical skating is a discipline using skates like inline skates or roller skates on a vert ramp, a style of half-pipe. In vert skating, the skater is able to achieve more air-time as compared to other styles of skating, meaning skaters can perform complicated aerial maneuvers and acrobatic tricks, such as spins and flips.
Dustin Latimer is an American inline skater, born in Salt Lake City, Utah. He resides in Phoenix, Arizona.
World Skate is the only governing body in the world for all sports performed on skating wheels. The organisation is the successor of the Fédération Internationale de Roller Sports (FIRS) founded on 21 April 1924.
