Rallycross

Last updated
14 times European champion Kenneth Hansen (Citroen Xsara) leading a qualifying heat in 2004 Hansen2004.jpg
14 times European champion Kenneth Hansen (Citroën Xsara) leading a qualifying heat in 2004

Rallycross is a form of sprint style motorsport, held on a closed mixed-surface racing circuit, with modified production or specially built touring cars. It is mainly popular in the Nordic countries, the Netherlands, Belgium, France and Great Britain. An inexpensive, entry level type of rallycross is the Swedish folkrace or its Norwegian counterpart, the so-called bilcross. The folkrace is most popular in Finland where it was founded back in the late 1960s. In Europe, rallycross can also refer to racing 1:8 scale off-road radio-controlled buggies.

Contents

History

Origins of rallycross

Rallycross was born on 4 February 1967 at Lydden Circuit View of Chessons Drift on Lydden circuit race track.jpg
Rallycross was born on 4 February 1967 at Lydden Circuit

The sport started as a TV show (with especially invited rally drivers), produced by Robert Reed of ABC Weekend TV for ITV's World of Sport programme, at Lydden Circuit (between Dover and Canterbury) in Great Britain on Saturday, 4 February 1967. The first true rallycross was organised by Bud Smith (d. 1994) and the Tunbridge Wells Centre of the 750 MC , with the aid of Lydden Circuit owner Bill Chesson (d. 1999), and was won by later Formula One driver as well as 1968 Rally Monte Carlo winner Vic Elford in a showroom Porsche 911 of the British importer AFN, ahead of Brian Melia in his Ford Lotus Cortina and Tony Fall in a BMC Mini Cooper S.

After that inaugural event there were another two test rallycrosses at Lydden, on 11 March and 29 July, before the new World of Sport Rallycross Championship for the ABC TV viewers started with round one on 23 September, to be followed by round two on 7 October. The series was run over a total of six rounds (three at Lydden and three at Croft) and was eventually won by Englishman Tony Chappell (Ford Escort Twin Cam), who became the first British Rallycross champion after winning the final round of the new series on 6 April 1968 at Lydden.

However, the true birth of rallycross is often wrongly connected with the cancellation of the 1967 RAC Rally, due to foot-and-mouth disease, in November 1967, about ten months after the maiden event. Some foreign entrants for the RAC had also planned to take part in the 1st international rallycross at Lydden Circuit, on Saturday, 25 November 1967, but went home immediately after the rally had been cancelled on the evening of 17 November, and was replaced by a single special stage (won by Swede Erik Carlsson in a Saab 96 V4) for the sake of the disappointed television companies. RAC Rally stage number one by then, Camberley, was on Ministry of Defence land and not affected by movement restrictions caused by the disease in rural areas. Subsequently, only British drivers competed in the maiden international rallycross event one week later, which was eventually won by Andrew Cowan and his Hillman Imp. Thames Estuary Automobile Club's (TEAC) premier event, the original Clubman's rallycross, was held the day after. It opened up the new rally drivers' fun-sport to many amateur competitors, proved very successful and thereby paved the way for the first generation of real rallycross specialists, many of them coming from the ranges of autocross and autograss racing.

After one and a half years and several rallycross events at Lydden as well as Croft Circuit (near Darlington) the BBC adopted the young sport for its Grandstand programme while ITV dropped it after the British Rallycross Winter Series 1968/69. In 1969 Lydden Circuit and Croft Circuit were joined by another RX venue, Cadwell Park in Lincolnshire. However, while both Lydden and Croft nowadays are still in use for rallycross Cadwell Park later dropped this type of car racing from its schedule.

Expansion to the Netherlands

Rob Herzet (AVRO), a Dutch counterpart to Robert Reed, discovered rallycross during a visit to Great Britain in 1968 and immediately understood its potential for the television viewers. By that time there were nearly ten million Britons watching some of the events on television. Back home in the Netherlands, Herzet contacted the race and rally driver as well as motoring journalist Gerard van Lennep (a cousin to Formula One driver Gijs van Lennep) to discuss his find. Both agreed that this form of sprint racing could be also appropriate for the Netherlands. Van Lennep soon started his investigations and found a military testing ground near the town of Venlo, close to the Dutch-German border. Actually there had been two venues available, the one at Venlo in Limburg and one at Elst in Gelderland, but the aid offered by the army turned the decision into the favour of Venlo.

Dutch rallycross ace Jan de Rooy (1979) JanDeRooy1979.jpg
Dutch rallycross ace Jan de Rooy (1979)

On Saturday 17 May 1969 a group of invited rally and racing drivers went to the spot for a test day. Everybody was really satisfied and enthusiastic and only three weeks later, on Saturday 7 June the first rallycross event on the European continent was held. The track consisted of a section of concrete runway, loose sections through heathland and a hollow, about 40 metres long and 10 metres deep, usually used for tank testing. Although the soft heath soil and the muddy hollow hampered most of the two dozen or so competitors, or at least their mostly rather aged cars, the event produced much fun for all concerned as well as the TV audience. Overall victory went eventually to Hans Kok and his valuable NSU 1200 TT. Davy Van Den Branden 9 Times Belgian Champion. And 5 times Netherlands Champion.

The Dutch television company AVRO gave green light to Rob Herzet as well as another three rounds counting towards the so-called AVRO-Trophy and on 16 August of the same year NSU campaigner Hans Kok claimed the first national Dutch rallycross title. On October 4 1969 Holland saw its last Rallycross event of the first season, a stand-alone one-off race organised on a temporary track that was quickly set up on pastureland near the ‘Europahal’ at the town of Elst, halfway between Arnhem and Nijmegen. Here it was young Briton ‘Jumping’ Jeff Wiliamson who drove his Riley 1300 to overall victory. On 1 November the Dutch Rallycross Association was founded and, during 1970, organised another five events at Venlo. For 1971 the Nederlandse Rallycross Vereniging (NRV) moved the sport to its new continental home at Valkenswaard near Eindhoven. The Eurocircuit opened on Saturday 17 April with a race that was won by Jan de Rooy and his famous DAF 555 Coupé 4WD and became the first track in the World that was especially designed and built purely for rallycross purposes.

Expansion to Australia

Rallycross came to Australia in 1969 with a one off meeting at Leppington in New South Wales. [1] Events were held at Calder Park Raceway in Melbourne until the mid 1970s and at the Catalina Park circuit in Katoomba in New South Wales from 1972 until the early 1980s. Circuits at Towac near Orange in New South Wales as well as Tailem Bend and Whyalla in South Australia were also used, but after a dozen or so years the sport faded in Australia. Peter Brock was especially successful driving for the Holden Dealer Team in a supercharged Holden Torana GTR. [2]

The inaugural Australian Rallycross Championship was held at the Tailem Bend circuit on 24 June 1979 and was won by Larry Perkins, driving a 2.0-litre Volkswagen Beetle for Kruger Motors. [3] This was the only Australian Rallycross Championship to be contested. [4]

A national rallycross championship was set to return to Australia in 2015 in the form of the Extreme Rallycross Championship, originally scheduled to consist of seven events held across 2015 and 2016. [5] However, the series was cancelled after just one event had been held due to a lack of entries. [6] A proposed Victorian championship, titled Rallycross Australia, was also cancelled before a single event had been run. [7]

Soviet Union

In Soviet Union history of rallycross (under name of autocross) dates back to 1949 when first competitions were held for light trucks, as well as passenger cars. [8] First competitions resembled more light offroad race over 20-40km course, but over time races shortened and purpose built tracks were established. In 1970s and 1980s autocross was among most popular autosport disciplines in Soviet Union with hundreds of racing tracks and various classes of trucks, light cars and purpose built buggies competing. Most classes were effectively one-make classes, with few performance upgrades available, which together with wide state support made autocross popular and easily accessible to enthusiasts. Since late 1970s local regulations for autocross were harmonized with FIA regulations for rallycross. Until that time most tracks were unpaved, since then more partially paved rallycross tracks were built. [9]

In the United States

In October 2009 Rally America (for two years operating under the tag RallyCar) announced it would begin sanctioning European style rallycross events in the United States. The inaugural season of the RallyCar Rallycross Championship, held in 2010, featured four events and several rally, rallycross and drifting competitors have shown an interest in contesting these races. [10] All four events (August 29, October 3, November 6, November 7) were organised at New Jersey Motorsports Park.

A closed-format circuit race called Rallycross was a regular event at the X Games for some years. It was first added to the X Games XVI in 2010 under the name SuperRally. This event involved heavily modified production cars with turbocharged engines running at 600 hp, all-wheel drive, sequential gearboxes, and offroad style suspension tuned for long jumps. [11] [12]

The Global RallyCross Championship was a Red Bull-sponsored championship that began in 2011 with five rounds in Irwindale, California (The Revolution), Snoqualmie, WA (Twin Peaks), Fountain, CO (Last Chance) and X Games 17 in the streets of Downtown Los Angeles. The series had several popular drivers such as Tanner Foust, Ken Block, Travis Pastrana, Finn Marcus Grönholm, Kiwi Rhys Millen, Dave Mirra, Frenchman Stéphane Verdier, Swede Michael Jernberg and Briton Liam Doran. The events were televised on ESPN. In 2012, the series grew to seven events run in conjunction with NASCAR Sprint Cup and IndyCar weekends as well as X Games 18 in Los Angeles. Several marques fielded factory- or importer-supported efforts including Ford, Hyundai, Subaru and Dodge. In 2013 the series went to Foz do Iguaçu, Brazil, and Munich, Germany, and a rained-out event in Barcelona, Spain.

In 2013, GRC Lites made their debut in Loudon, New Hampshire, with the series most exciting race held at Atlanta Motor Speedway pitting professional European rallycross drivers against newcomer, American Mitchell DeJong. [13] Global Rallycross was also featured in X Games this year, held at the Irwindale Raceway. American newcomer, Mitchell deJong joined the series and made history as the youngest to win the Silver Medal in X-Games in his first attempt at age 16. [14] [15]

In 2014 the Global Rallycross Championship Series traveled to tracks across the U.S. and Canada. [16] The series traveled to Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas where American driver, Mitchell deJong made history again when he became the youngest to be invited and to win the Gold Medal in X-Games. [17] [18]

In 2018, the Circuit of the Americas in Austin, Texas, hosted the World Rallycross race event again on September 29–30 at the purpose-built track. [19]

The Americas Rallycross Championship began competition in 2018. However, it was cancelled after the 2019 season due to a lack of sponsors. [20]

Pastrana launched his own rallycross championship Nitro Rallycross in 2021. [21]

In the United Kingdom

The Motorsport UK British Rallycross Championship presented by Cooper Tires is the current national series in the United Kingdom. The calendar features iconic rallycross circuits including Lydden Hill Race Circuit. Recognised as an official championship by the MSUK, the governing body of motorsport in Great Britain.

FIA European Rallycross Championship and FIA World Rallycross Championship

These two drivers wrote rallycross history: Martin Schanche (left; 6 ERC titles) and archrival Kenneth Hansen (14 ERC titles) SchancheHansen.jpg
These two drivers wrote rallycross history: Martin Schanche (left; 6 ERC titles) and archrival Kenneth Hansen (14 ERC titles)

The first FIA World Rallycross Championship (World RX) took place from 4–5 May 2014, alongside the FIA European Rallycross Championship (Euro RX), the latter formerly known as FIA European Championships for Rallycross Drivers. Former World Rally Championship champion Petter Solberg took first place to become the first FIA World Rallycross Championship winner.

The 2014 FIA World Rallycross Championship consists of 12 events globally for the Supercar category.

FIA World and European Rallycross Championship cars are built based on production car body shells of vehicles homologated for Group A and Group N, or permitted by a special FIA list for non-homologated cars to be used in rallycross but are extensively modified.

Race format

Different rallycross championships and events use different formats and scoring systems.

Electric rallycross

The FIA made changes to rallycross categories before the beginning of 2021 season. The Supercar category was renamed to RX1, and a new electric rallycross supercar category RX1e was introduced. The Junior RX2 series were dropped, and Junior electric series RX2e were introduced. RX1e championship is expected to debut in 2022 season, consisting of the RX1 supercars retrofitted with two 250kW electric motors (equivalent of 680 horsepower), and equipped with 52kWh performance battery. [22] [23]

Similar types of racing

Coupe de France de camion cross at Kerlabo. Kerlabo 056.jpg
Coupe de France de camion cross at Kerlabo.

In Australia and in the United States, dirt track racing is common, which is similar to rallycross with two main differences, the vehicles are sprint cars, late models, modifieds and midgets instead, and they usually run on oval dirt tracks.

In Great Britain, autocross was where some of the pioneers of rallycross got their starts. In other European countries, autocross is similar to in Britain, but with the cars starting at the same time like in rallycross. Crosskart is a later offshoot of this which commonly uses rallycross tracks.

Motocross, which is similar to rallycross, but with motorcycles, ATVs and pit bikes is very popular worldwide. It also spawned BMX and sidecarcross.

In France, camion cross is popular, which is a similar discipline to rallycross but uses trucks.

See also

Related Research Articles

Motorsport(s) or motor sport(s) are sporting events, competitions and related activities that primarily involve the use of automobiles, motorcycles, motorboats and powered aircraft. For each of these vehicle types, the more specific terms automobile sport, motorcycle sport, power boating and air sports may be used commonly, or officially by organisers and governing bodies.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Autocross</span> Type of motorsport

Autocross is a form of motorsport in which competitors are timed to complete a short course using automobiles on a dirt or grass surface, excepting where sealed surfaces are used in United States. Rules vary according to the governing or sanctioning body, such as the length of the course, the amount of permitted attempts, or whether competitors start the course individually at intervals or at the same time as others. In this latter form, Autocross differs from other forms of motor racing by using a system of heats or alternative timing methods for the classification rather than racing for position and declaring the first across the finish line as the winner.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Lydden Hill Race Circuit</span> Racing circuit near Canterbury in Kent, England

Lydden Hill Race Circuit is a motorsport venue in Denton with Wootton, about half-way between Canterbury and Dover in Kent, England. The mile-long circuit is mainly used for Rallycross, Drift, Saloon and Sports car racing as well as Motorcycle racing.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Croft Circuit</span> Motor racing circuit in North Yorkshire, England

Croft Circuit is a motor racing circuit located near Dalton-on-Tees in North Yorkshire, England. The tarmac circuit is 2.127 mi (3.423 km) long and is based on the lands of an airfield, but has long since moved on from being a basic airfield circuit. The circuit holds meetings of the British Touring Car Championship, British Rallycross and Pickup Truck Racing race series.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Motorsport in the United Kingdom</span> Overview of motorsport in the United Kingdom

Motorsport is a popular sport in the United Kingdom. The United Kingdom is a key player in the world of motorsport, hosting rounds of Formula One and MotoGP amongst others. It is also the home of many of the current teams in Formula One, such as McLaren, Williams, Aston Martin, Red Bull Racing, Mercedes, Alpine and Haas. There are also a range of popular national series held such as the British Touring Car Championship and the British GT Championship amongst others. Motorsport UK is the official governing body of motorsport in the United Kingdom.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Andrew Jordan (racing driver)</span> British racing driver (born 1989)

Andrew Phillip Jordan is a British racing driver, who has driven in the British Touring Car Championship. He was the 2013 British Touring Car Champion.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Liam Doran</span> British rallycross driver (born 1987)

Liam Doran is a British professional rallycross driver competing in the FIA World Rallycross Championship, Global RallyCross Championship, X Games, and European Rallycross Championship. He is the son of British rallycross driver and Lydden Hill Race Circuit owner Pat Doran. In his early life he attended Fulston Manor School in Sittingbourne.

The FIA World Rallycross Championship is a rallycross series organised by the FIA in conjunction with series promoter Rallycross Promoter GmbH. From the inaugural season in 2014 to 2020, IMG Motorsport fulfilled the role of promoter.

The Motorsport UK British Rallycross Championship is an auto racing Rallycross series, running in the United Kingdom. From 2020, the championship became known as the Motorsport UK British Rallycross Championship 5 Nations Trophy presented by Cooper Tire.

Hansen Motorsport, which formerly competed under the title Team Peugeot-Hansen as Peugeot's official partner in the motorsport of rallycross, is a team founded by Swedish racing driver Kenneth Hansen in 1990.

The 2017 FIA World Rallycross Championship presented by Monster Energy was the fourth season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The season consists of twelve rounds, started on 1 April with the Spanish round at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya and concluded on 12 November at the Killarney Motor Racing Complex in Cape Town, South Africa.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">2017 World RX of Great Britain</span>

The 2017 World RX of Great Britain was the fifth round of the fourth season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship. The event was held at Lydden Hill Race Circuit in Wootton, Kent and also played host to the fourth round of the 2017 FIA European Rallycross Championship. It also hosted the second round of the 2017 RX2 International Series, the support category of the World Rallycross Championship.

The 2018 FIA World Rallycross Championship presented by Monster Energy was the fifth season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship an auto racing championship recognised by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) as the highest class of international rallycross.

Oliver Roy Bennett is a rallycross driver from Bristol, United Kingdom. He is the co-founder of the Xite Energy drink company, and competes in the FIA World Rallycross Championship and Extreme E for the Xite Energy Racing team.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Aydar Nuriev</span> Russian racing driver (born 1994)

Aydar Maratovich Nuriev is a Russian racing driver of Tatar descent. He was runner up in the 2018 FIA European Rallycross Championship in his debut season and he won the 2019 FIA European Rallycross Championship in only his second year of ERX participation.

The 2019 FIA European Rallycross Championship was the 44th season of the FIA European Rallycross Championship. The season consists of eight rounds across two categories; Supercar and Super1600. The season commenced on 26 April with the Spanish round at the Circuit de Barcelona-Catalunya, and culminated on 14 September in Latvia at the Biķernieku Kompleksā Sporta Bāze.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Americas Rallycross Championship</span>

The Americas Rallycross Championship, also known as ARX Rallycross, was an American rallycross series organized by IMG Motorsport. Formed in 2018, it was a feeder series to the FIA World Rallycross Championship. After two seasons, ARX shut down in late 2019.

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Mitchell DeJong</span> American car racer

Mitchell DeJong is an American professional racing driver, stunt driver and Esports athlete competing in multiple disciplines, including rallycross, ice racing, road course, off-road, dirt, and oval track racing. He also travels the world as an Esports champion and competitor of invite-only events held by top manufacturers such as BMW and Porsche. deJong is known for his dominant road course racing style in the eNASCAR Coca-Cola iRacing series, the Porsche Esports Supercup, and iRacing F1 Championship. deJong holds world records and championship titles in multiple disciplines, including X-Games. He was invited by Porsche to participate in their young driver academy and in 2020 he became a Porsche Factory Works Driver.

The 2022 FIA World Rallycross Championship was the ninth season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship, an auto racing championship recognized by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) as the highest class of international rallycross.

The 2023 FIA World Rallycross Championship was the tenth season of the FIA World Rallycross Championship, an auto racing championship recognized by the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) as the highest class of international rallycross.

References

Commons-logo.svg Media related to Rallycross at Wikimedia Commons

  1. ↑ Pedr Davis, The Macquarie Dictionary of Motoring, 1986, page 394
  2. ↑ Aussie rallycross and the Original "Beast" Archived 2009-06-18 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 30 August 2011
  3. ↑ John Lemm, Perkins is Australian Champ!, Racing Car News, August 1979, page 68
  4. ↑ CAMS Online Manual of Motor Sport > Race > Titles-Australian Titles Retrieved on 30 August 2011
  5. ↑ Kirby, Cameron (17 March 2015). "Australia's brand new homegrown RallyCross championship". Auto Action. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  6. ↑ Howard, Tom (28 October 2015). "Commercial woes behind Rallycross axing". Speedcafe. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  7. ↑ Kirby, Cameron (15 June 2015). "Rallycross Australia canned". Auto Action. Archived from the original on 14 March 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2015.
  8. ↑ "АВТОМОТОСПОРТ - Ноябрь 1971 года - архив За рулем". www.zr.ru. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  9. ↑ "rally.ee ... > Eesti > Eestis on rallikrossi sõidetud neli aastakümmet". www.rally.ee. Retrieved 2022-06-19.
  10. ↑ "Rally America". Rally America. 2010-08-01. Archived from the original on 2009-10-23. Retrieved 2011-08-08.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  11. ↑ "About GRC". Red Bull Global Rallycross. Archived from the original on April 7, 2014. Retrieved 2016-11-19.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  12. ↑ Engineering Explained (2016-10-12). "How Global Rallycross Supercars Hit 60 MPH in 1.9 Seconds". Youtube. Retrieved 2016-11-19.
  13. ↑ Global RallyCross 2013 Atlanta GRC Lites Final, 16 August 2013, retrieved 2024-01-17
  14. ↑ X-Games Rally Cross 2013 Los Angeles w/ Red Bull Athlete Mitchell Dejong, 4 September 2013, retrieved 2024-01-17
  15. ↑ "Rallycross: 15-Year-Old Mitchell DeJong's Debut". Red Bull. 2017-02-15. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  16. ↑ Hamlin, Kilian (2014-08-06). "Mitchell DeJong On Pace for Record Wins, Interview on NBC this Sunday". race-deZert.com. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  17. ↑ Pettit, Vince (2014-06-07). "Mitchell deJong Claims GRC Lites Gold Medal At X Games Austin". The Checkered Flag. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  18. ↑ "The Fastest Rallycross Driver Without a License". Red Bull. 2017-02-20. Retrieved 2024-01-17.
  19. ↑ "World Rallycross to be held at COTA the next 5 years". KXAN.com. 24 October 2017. Retrieved 28 October 2017.
  20. ↑ "Americas Rallycross series cancelled after two seasons".
  21. ↑ Wilde, Dominik (12 May 2020). "Pastrana's plan for a full Nitro Rallycross championship". DirtFish. Retrieved 2 October 2021.
  22. ↑ "TECHNICAL DETAILS OF FIA WORLD RX1E POWERTRAIN REVEALED". fia.com. 2020-12-04. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
  23. ↑ "MIKKELSEN: WORLD RX'S ELECTRIC FUTURE 'ON ANOTHER LEVEL'". fiaworldrallycross.com. 2021-05-10. Retrieved 2021-10-04.
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