LM GTE

Last updated
ALMS GT2 cars competing at Road America in 2007 ALMS Road America GT2 cars.jpg
ALMS GT2 cars competing at Road America in 2007
Ferrari 488 GTE Evo AF Corse Ferrari 488 GTE Rigon Silverstone 2018.jpg
Ferrari 488 GTE Evo
Porsche 911 RSR-19 Porsche GT Team's Porsche 911 RSR at the 2020 6 Hours of Road Atlanta.jpg
Porsche 911 RSR-19

Grand Touring Endurance, shortened to GTE, was a set of regulations maintained by the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) and IMSA for grand tourer racing cars used in the 24 Hours of Le Mans, 24 hours of Daytona GTLM, and its associated series. The class was formerly known as simply Group GT ( Group N-GT in the FIA GT Championship) between 1999 and 2004, and later referred to as Group GT2 between 2005 and 2010. The GT2 name has since been revived for a different set of regulations.

Contents

2nd-gen Ford GT Ford GT (2nd Gen.) LM GTE Pro 001.jpg
2nd-gen Ford GT
SRT Viper GTS-R 2013 SRT Viper GTR-R.JPG
SRT Viper GTS-R

History

The class, derived from the former 'GT3' class in 1998, debuted in 1999 under the name of 'GT' in 24 Hours of Le Mans, American Le Mans Series and European Le Mans Series, and as 'N-GT' in the FIA GT Championship, and in 2000 as 'GTU' in the Grand-Am Rolex Sports Car Series, and 'GTO' in the British GT Championship. In 2005, the class was renamed GT2, below the faster GT1 class (formerly known as GT/GTS). Originally, it was dominated by the Porsche 911 GT3 in its R, RS and RSR versions, but the Ferrari 360 Modena, Ferrari F430 and Panoz Esperante were also successful, as well as the BMW M3 in the United States. Other models entered were the Aston Martin V8 Vantage, Morgan Aero 8, Spyker C8 and TVR Tuscan.

Ferrari F430 GT2 Risi Competizione 62 GT2 Ferrari F430 GTE.jpg
Ferrari F430 GT2

After the GT1 class was dropped from ACO competitions for the 2011 season, the GT2 class was renamed as LM GTE in Europe and as GT in the United States. The new main rivals for the Porsche 911 were the Ferrari 458 Italia, Aston Martin V8 Vantage, Chevrolet Corvette, BMW M3, BMW Z4 (E89) and SRT Viper. Other less successful models in the early 2010s were the Jaguar XKR, Lamborghini Gallardo, Lotus Evora and Ford GT.

Flying Lizard Motorsport's 997 GT3-RSR (997) at the 2008 Utah Grand Prix Flying Lizard 997 Utah.jpg
Flying Lizard Motorsport's 997 GT3-RSR (997) at the 2008 Utah Grand Prix

In 2015, the two dominating cars were the Porsche 911 RSR and the Ferrari 458 Italia GT2 (by points achieved).

In the 2018/19 season, the most competitive LM GTE cars were the Porsche 911 RSR, the Ferrari 488 GTE Evo and the Ford GT (by points achieved).

In 2021, IMSA announced that the GTLM class would be replaced with a GT3 based GTD pro class. [1] The ACO also announced that GTE in the WEC would also be replaced by GT3 in 2024, with the GTE Pro class seeing its final race in 2022 and the GTE Am class in 2023. [2]

Regulations

Class plates of LM GTE categories
FIA WEC LMGTE Pro class plate.svg
LM GTE Pro
FIA WEC LMGTE Am class plate.svg
LM GTE Am

The ACO had defined limits and requirements for the LM GTE category to ensure that cars are legitimately production-based. The car must had "an aptitude for sport with 2 doors, 2 or 2+2 seats, opened or closed, which could be used perfectly legally on the open road and available for sale." [3] The ACO modified its regulations for “small manufacturers” (less than 2000 cars produced a year). In order to be eligible, a big manufacturer must produced at least one car a week or a small manufacturer one car a month. The cars were be eligible to race when 100 road cars for big manufacturers or 25 road cars for small manufacturers were produced. The car must had an official launch campaign and sales network. The engine must be used in a production car; while this is usually the engine from the road car, the ACO had made exceptions for cars like the BMW Z4 GTE which use engines from other models. Carbon fiber, titanium and magnesium were banned except for special parts like spoilers or wheels. Cars with carbon cockpits (that are not directly attached to the suspension) were allowed. The engine displacement was limited to 5.5L naturally aspirated or 4.0L turbo/supercharged. The SRT Viper was granted a special waiver to 8.0L. The minimum weight was 1,245 kg including driver, fuel, helmet and liquids. Cars must had working lights and windshield wipers at all times. To distinguish from faster Le Mans Prototypes at night, LM GTE cars must used yellow headlights (not in WEC). Four-wheel drive was banned while engine-based traction control was allowed. Gearboxes were limited to six forward gears. All cars must also had rear-view cameras in addition to side mirrors.

LM GTE [4]
LM GTE ProLM GTE Am
Minimum weight1,245 kilograms (2,745 lb) (possibly subject to Balance of Performance) including driver, fuel, helmet and liquids
Maximum length

4,800 millimetres (190 in)

Maximum width

2,050 millimetres (81 in) (excluding rear view mirrors)

Engine displacementnaturally-aspirated:
5.5 litres (340 in3)

turbocharged/supercharged: 4.0 litres (240 in3)

Fuel tank size

90 litres (24 US gal) (subject to BoP)

Drivers

free composition

2 to 3 drivers, at least

1 Bronze plus
1 Bronze or Silver

Cars were allowed one set of modifications every two years. Brand new cars were allowed one extra set of modifications in the first year of competition. Small aerodynamic modifications were allowed for Le Mans each year. If the road car was upgraded with a new part, that part could also be used on the LM GTE car through updating the homologation. Manufacturers could also apply for waivers to allow the homologation of cars or parts that would normally be banned by the rules.

Overall, the technical regulations were focused on keeping LM GTE cars relatively close to road cars in terms of parts and dimensions. Aerodynamic devices such as spoilers were heavily regulated. There were also minor requirements that were holdovers from the earlier era of Le Mans, such as requiring at least 150 cubic decimetres of luggage space.

At Le Mans, LM GTE was divided into two classes: GTE-Pro and GTE-Am. GTE-Am cars were must be at least one year old or be built to the previous year's spec, and had limits on the qualification of drivers allowed in the lineup.

The Endurance Committee of the ACO had the absolute right to modify the Balance of Performance between LM GTE cars through adjusting the weight, engine or aerodynamics. Air restrictors were used with default values for specific engine capacities.

2016 updates

At the 2015 24 Hours of Le Mans, the ACO announced a range of changes for the LM GTE class for the 2016 season. The aim of the changes was to increase the performance of the cars relative to the GT3-spec machinery that they compete against in certain series, whilst reducing cost and improving the safety of the cars. The regulations became restrictive, and so there was a reduced reliance on waivers to allow certain cars to compete. One example of this was the increased freedom of aerodynamic development within specific regions of the car. [5] The new cars were able to compete in LM GTE Pro from 2016 alongside the 'old' specification of car, before becoming available for LM GTE Am in 2017. In 2018, the 'old' specification of car was out of competition.

Replacement of GTE Regulations

Autosport magazine reported that on 20 August 2021 that the ACO had announced that they will be dropping the GTE class in favour of GT3 cars from the 2024 season onwards. The GTE class was to remain in place for the 2022 and 2023 WEC seasons, including Le Mans, following the decline of GTE racing with only four cars in the WEC Championship and three in the IMSA SportsCar Championship in 2021. [6]

List of LM GTE cars

ManufacturerModelDeveloperPhotoYearNotes
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Aston Martin V8 Vantage GT2 Prodrive PLM 2011 60 Aston Martin.jpg 2008–2011
V8 Vantage GTE Aston Martin Racing V8 - Aston Martin Vantage V8 -99 (18245422033).jpg 2012–2017Fourth generation Vantage GTE, includes Vantage GTE upgrades for 2016
V8 Vantage AMR GTE 2019 4 Hours of Silverstone 98 (48664316048).jpg 2018–2023Fifth generation Vantage
Flag of Germany.svg BMW M3 GTR (E36) Prototype Technology Group 1999–2000Includes 2 and 4-door variants
M3 GT (E46) 2000–20036-cylinder E46 M3
M3 GTR (E46) BMW Motorsport BMW M3 GTR Munich 2017.jpg 2001–2006Includes 6-cylinder version raced in ALMS in 2006
M3 GT (E92) BMW M3 GT2 Art Car-Le Mans 2010.jpg 2009–2012
Z4 GTE (E89) Sebring 12 hrs 2014 - -56 GT Le Mans - RLL BMW Z4 - Mueller - Edwards - Werner.jpg 2013–2015
M6 GTLM (F13) BMW M6 GTLM 2017 PLM.jpg 2016–2017
M8 GTE (F92) 2018 6 Hours of Fuji 82 (46101785691).jpg 2018–2021
Flag of the United States.svg Chevrolet Corvette LM-GT (C5) Pratt & Miller 2001–2005
Corvette ZR1 C6.R Le Mans 2013 (9347511710).jpg 2009–2013Includes upgrades to GTE spec in 2012
Corvette C7.R 24 Heures Le Mans 2016 (27190307204).jpg 2014–2019Includes upgrades for 2016
Corvette C8.R Chevrolet Corvette C8.R at the 2021 Road Race Showcase.jpg 2020–2023
Flag of the United States.svg Dodge SRT SRT Viper GTS-R Riley Technologies Viper 93 611.jpg 2012–2015Includes upgrades in 2015
Flag of Italy.svg Ferrari 360 N-GT Michelotto Engineering SpA  [ it ] Ferrari 360.jpg 2000–2002Converted Ferrari 360 Challenge cars, visually the same as the 360 GT
360 GT 2002–2004
360 GTC Ferrari-Museum Maranello 9.JPG 2004–2005
F430 GT Risi Ferrari F430.jpg 2006–2007
F430 GTC Farnbacher Racing le mans 2009.jpg 2008-2010
458 Italia GT 2013 24 Hours of Le Mans 5180 (9118759833).jpg 2011–2015Includes upgrades to GTE spec in 2012
488 GTE Clearwater Racing Ferrari 488 GTE Mok Silverstone 2018 Village.jpg 2016–2017
488 GTE Evo AF Corse Ferrari 488 GTE Bird Silverstone 2018.jpg 2018-2023
Flag of the United States.svg Ford GT-R (Mk.VII) Doran Racing Robertson Ford GT ALMS 2010 Northeast Grand Prix 02.jpg 2008–2011
GT (Mk.VIII) Ford Performance No. 85 Keating Motorsports Ford GT - 2019 24 Hours of Le Mans.jpg 2016–2019
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Jaguar XKR RSR Racing PLM 2011 98 RSR Jaguar.jpg 2010–2011
Flag of Italy.svg Lamborghini Gallardo LP 560 GT2 Reiter Engineering Lamborghini Gallardo Bouchut Spa2009.jpg 2009–2011
Flag of the United Kingdom.svg Lotus Evora GTE Ycom Lotusevora-jetallaince-lm-2011.jpg 2011–2012
Flag of the United States.svg Panoz Esperante GT-LM Panoz Auto Development Panos GT2 IMG 3721.jpg 2003–2009Includes Evo version introduced in 2008
Abruzzi "The Panos" ALMS - Grandprix of Mosport 2011 (5976950208).jpg 2011
Flag of Germany.svg Porsche 911 GT3-R (996.I) Porsche Motorsport Porsche 996 GT3-R leads Porsche 996 GT3-R & Porsche 996 GT3-R (52506650338).jpg 1999–2000
911 GT3-RS (996.I) Porsche 911 GT3 RS (10544145223).jpg 2001–2003
911 GT3-RSR (996.II) Flying Lizard Laguna.jpg 2004–2005
911 GT3 RSR (997) PLM 2011 045 Flying Lizard Porsche.jpg 2006–2012997.I & 997.II generations 911 RSR. There were upgrades every year.
911 RSR (991.I) Porsche North America 911 - Petit Le Mans 2015.jpg 2013–2016First 991 generation 911 RSR, includes upgrades for 2016
911 RSR (991.II) Dempsey-Proton Racing Porsche 911 RSR Campbell Silverstone 2018.jpg 2017–2019Second 991 generation 911 RSR
911 RSR-19 (991.II) 2019 4 Hours of Silverstone 91 (48664317523).jpg 2019–2023Third generation 911 RSR
Flag of the Netherlands.svg Spyker C8 Double-12R Reiter Engineering Spyker C8 Double 12R - 2003 24 Hours of Le Mans.jpg 2002–2003
C8 Spyder GT2-R Lemans janis.jpeg 2005–2007Includes upgrades introduced in 2007
C8 Laviolette GT2-R Spyker Squadron Side.jpg 2008–2010
Source: [7]

See also

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The Porsche 911 RSR and its predecessor GT3 RSR, GT3 RS and GT3 R were a line of GT racing cars produced by Porsche that are used in motorsport for endurance races. They are based on the currently highest class in GT racing worldwide, the GTE class from ACO. These regulations lead back to the concept of a GT3 class below the then Group GT1 and GT2 from 1998. After the discontinuation of the GT1 class, the planned GT3 class was from 1999 at the ACO as a GT class below the GTS, as well advertised by the FIA from 2000 as N-GT. After the alignment of the GT rules between FIA and ACO in 2005, this class was renamed GT2 class. When the FIA's GT2 European Championship failed and the participants in the GT1 class at the 24 Hours of Le Mans dwindled, the ACO renamed the GT2 class GTE in 2011 and divided it into GTE-Pro for professionals and GTE-AM for amateurs. Over the years, Porsche was continuously represented in this class with different series of the 911.

References

  1. Malsher-Lopez, David (28 January 2021). "GTD Pro for GT3 cars to replace IMSA's GT Le Mans class in 2022". www.autosport.com . Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  2. Cleeren, Filip (20 August 2021). "GT3 cars to replace GTE class at Le Mans from 2024". www.autosport.com . Retrieved 29 March 2022.
  3. "Technical Regulations for Grand Touring Cars" (PDF). Automobile Club de l'Ouest. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 September 2013. Retrieved 3 January 2014.
  4. "Classes - FIA WEC". fiawec.com. Retrieved 17 March 2019.
  5. FIA WEC: 2016 GTE Regulations, Key Points, Summary of New Regulations From DSC.
  6. "GT3 cars to replace GTE class at Le Mans from 2024".
  7. Hergault, Julien (11 June 2013). "24 Hours of Le Mans: Introduction to the LM GTE Pro Class". www.24hlemans.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 31 March 2022.