All-trans-phytoene synthase

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All-trans-phytoene synthase
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EC no. 2.5.1.99
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All-trans-phytoene synthase (EC 2.5.1.99, prephytoene-diphosphate synthase, phytoene synthetase, PSase, geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase, 15-trans-phytoene synthase) is an enzyme with systematic name geranylgeranyl-diphosphate:geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase (all-trans-phytoene forming). [1] [2] This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate all-trans-phytoene + 2 diphosphate (overall reaction)
(1a) 2 geranylgeranyl diphosphate diphosphate + prephytoene diphosphate
(1b) prephytoene diphosphate all-trans-phytoene + diphosphate

This enzyme requires Mn2+ for activity.

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">All-trans-octaprenyl-diphosphate synthase</span> Class of enzymes

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Geranylgeranyl-diphosphate geranylgeranyltransferase may refer to:

The squalene/phytoene synthase family represents proteins that catalyze the head-to-head condensation of C15 and C20 prenyl units (i.e. farnesyl diphosphate and genranylgeranyl diphosphate). This enzymatic step constitutes part of steroid and carotenoid biosynthesis pathway. Squalene synthase EC (SQS) and Phytoene synthase EC (PSY) are two well-known examples of this protein family and share a number of functional similarities. These similarities are also reflected in their primary structure. In particular three well conserved regions are shared by SQS and PSY; they could be involved in substrate binding and/or the catalytic mechanism. SQS catalyzes the conversion of two molecules of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) into squalene. It is the first committed step in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. The reaction carried out by SQS is catalyzed in two separate steps: the first is a head-to-head condensation of the two molecules of FPP to form presqualene diphosphate; this intermediate is then rearranged in a NADP-dependent reduction, to form squalene:

Elisabethatriene synthase is an enzyme with systematic name geranylgeranyl-diphosphate diphosphate-lyase (elisabethatriene-forming). This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction

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<span class="mw-page-title-main">Chlorophyllide</span> Chemical compound

Chlorophyllide a and Chlorophyllide b are the biosynthetic precursors of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b respectively. Their propionic acid groups are converted to phytyl esters by the enzyme chlorophyll synthase in the final step of the pathway. Thus the main interest in these chemical compounds has been in the study of chlorophyll biosynthesis in plants, algae and cyanobacteria. Chlorophyllide a is also an intermediate in the biosynthesis of bacteriochlorophylls.

References

  1. ↑ Gregonis DE, Rilling HC (March 1974). "The stereochemistry of trans-phytoene synthesis. Some observations on lycopersene as a carotene precursor and a mechanism for the synthesis of cis- and trans-phytoene". Biochemistry. 13 (7): 1538–42. doi:10.1021/bi00704a033. PMID   4819767.
  2. ↑ Iwata-Reuyl D, Math SK, Desai SB, Poulter CD (March 2003). "Bacterial phytoene synthase: molecular cloning, expression, and characterization of Erwinia herbicola phytoene synthase". Biochemistry. 42 (11): 3359–65. doi:10.1021/bi0206614. PMID   12641468.
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