Andesanthus

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Andesanthus
Siete cueros (Tibouchina lepidota) (14328964249).jpg
Andesanthus lepidotus (syn. Tibouchina lepidota)
Scientific classification OOjs UI icon edit-ltr.svg
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Angiosperms
Clade: Eudicots
Clade: Rosids
Order: Myrtales
Family: Melastomataceae
Genus: Andesanthus
P.J.F.Guim. & Michelang. [1]
Species

See text.

Andesanthus is a genus of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Panama, Peru and Venezuela. [2] The genus was established in 2019 for some species formerly placed in Tibouchina . Some species are cultivated as ornamental shrubs or trees.

Contents

Flowers of Andesanthus lepidotus, showing colour change as they age Tibouchina lepidota, known as Siete Cueros (9976451753).jpg
Flowers of Andesanthus lepidotus, showing colour change as they age

Description

Species of Andesanthus are trees between 5 and 20 m tall at maturity or shrubs 1–3 m tall. Their leaves are opposite and petiolate (stalked). The inflorescence is a terminal panicle or some modification of a panicle. The flowers are perigynous with a bell- or urn-shaped hypanthium, externally covered with many soft hairs (pubescent) in most species. The flowers have five free petals, which are pink, purple, magenta or white in colour, or initially magenta or rose-red fading to lavender with age. Flowers have ten stamens, either all the same size or in two distinct sizes. The connective at the base of the anther of the stamen is prolonged and modified into a bilobed ventral appendage. The numerous seeds are shaped like a spiral (cochleate) which may be elongated. [3]

Andesanthus can be distinguished by its coating of small flattened scales (lepidote), hairless (glabrous) stamens which either have all their anthers yellow if of one size or have the larger anthers yellow and the smaller anthers pink or red if of two sizes. [3]

Taxonomy

The genus Andesanthus was erected in 2019. [1] The name reflects the fact that the majority of species occur in the Andes. [3]

In 1885, in his treatment for Flora brasiliensis, Alfred Cogniaux used a broad concept of the genus Tibouchina , transferring into it species at that time placed in many other genera. This broad concept was generally adopted subsequently, and around 470 taxa were at one time or another assigned to Tibouchina, including those placed in Andesanthus in 2019. [3] A phylogenetic analysis in 2013 based on molecular data (2 plastid and 1 nuclear regions) showed that the traditional circumscription of Tibouchina was paraphyletic. Four major clades were resolved within the genus, which were supported by morphological, molecular and geographic evidence. [4] A further molecular phylogenetic study in 2019 used the same molecular markers but included more species. It reached the same conclusion: the original broadly circumscribed Tibouchina consisted of four monophyletic clades. The authors proposed a split into four genera: a more narrowly circumscribed Tibouchina, two re-established genera Pleroma and Chaetogastra , and a new genus, Andesanthus. The part of their maximum likelihood cladogram which includes former Tibouchina species is as follows, [3] using their genus names and with shading added to show the original broadly circumscribed Tibouchina s.l. (The relationship between Chaetogastra and the genus Brachyotum differed between analyses.)

Tibouchina s.s.

Pleroma

clade 1 (other genera)

clade 2 (other genera)

Andesanthus

Chaetogastra / Brachyotum

Andesanthus is shown to be sister to either Chaetogastra or a clade combining Chaetogastra and Brachyotum. [3]

Species

As of April 2022, Plants of the World Online accepted the following nine species: [2]

Distribution and habitat

Andesanthus species are found in Central America (Costa Rica and Panama) and northern South America (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela). [2] Most are found in the Andes. Two species are found in the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama. The largest number of species are found in Colombia. They grow in cool montane forests and along forest margins. [3]

Cultivation

Some species of Andesanthus are cultivated as ornamental shrubs or trees. The cultivar 'Alstonville' of Andesanthus lepidotus (syn. Tibouchina lepidota) was developed in Alstonville, New South Wales in Australia, where this species and its cultivars are popular cultivated plants. [5]

Related Research Articles

<span class="mw-page-title-main">Melastomataceae</span> Family of flowering plants

Melastomataceae is a family of dicotyledonous flowering plants found mostly in the tropics comprising c. 175 genera and c. 5115 known species. Melastomes are annual or perennial herbs, shrubs, or small trees.

<i>Tibouchina</i> Genus of flowering plants

Tibouchina is a neotropical flowering plant genus in the family Melastomataceae. Species of this genus are subshrubs, shrubs or small trees and typically have purple flowers. They are native to Mexico, the Caribbean, and South America where they are found as far south as northern Argentina. Members of this genus are known as glory bushes, glory trees or princess flowers. The name Tibouchina is adapted from a Guianan indigenous name for a member of this genus. A systematic study in 2013 showed that as then circumscribed the genus was paraphyletic, and in 2019 the genus was split into a more narrowly circumscribed Tibouchina, two re-established genera Pleroma and Chaetogastra, and a new genus, Andesanthus.

<i>Monochaetum</i> Genus of flowering plants

Monochaetum is a neotropical genus of shrubs and subshrubs with about 54 species. It occurs in warm temperate to tropical montane habitats from Mexico and Central America to the South American Andes of Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador and Peru with one species reaching the Guayana Highlands of Venezuela and Guyana.

Henriettea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae, with some 399 species accepted. It is distributed in the Americas. Some species in the genus are known commonly as camasey., though the common name camasey may also refer to plants of genus Miconia.

Chaetogastra anderssonii, synonym Tibouchina anderssonii, is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.

Chaetogastra campii, synonym Tibouchina campii, is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is native to Ecuador.

Andesanthus gleasonianus, synonym Tibouchina gleasoniana, is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is native to Colombia and Ecuador.

Chaetogastra oroensis, synonym Tibouchina oroensis, is a species of plant in the family Melastomataceae. It is endemic to Ecuador.

<i>Pleroma urvilleanum</i> Species of flowering plant

Pleroma urvilleanum, synonym Tibouchina urvilleana, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Brazil.

<i>Chaetogastra grossa</i> Species of flowering plant

Chaetogastra grossa, synonym Tibouchina grossa, is a species in the Melastomataceae family that is native to Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela. It is found between 2400 and 3800 meters in elevation. Also called "red princess flower" or "carmine princess flower" to differentiate it from "princess flower" which has purple blooms.

<i>Andesanthus lepidotus</i> Species of tree

Andesanthus lepidotus, synonym Tibouchina lepidota, also known as alstonville, Andean princess flower, lasiandra, or glory bush, is a medium-sized ornamental tree or a large shrub native to northwestern South America that is cultivated for its masses of purple flowers from autumn right through to winter.

Fritzschia is a genus of flowering plants in the family Melastomataceae, native to the Atlantic coastal forest of Brazil. They are sprawling or erect shrubs, with their branchlets and their hypanthia coated with either glandular or villose trichomes.

<i>Chaetogastra</i> Genus of flowering plants

Chaetogastra is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Melastomataceae. Its native range is South America and North America. It contains around 115 species.

<i>Pleroma</i> (plant) Genus of plants

Pleroma is a genus of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native from Puerto Rico and the Leeward Islands to tropical South America.

Tibouchina albescens is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Bolivia and Brazil. It was first formally described in 2015.

Tibouchina bruniana is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Brazil. It was first described in 2014. Distinguishing characteristics of Tibouchina bruniana are the solitary flowers and the small leaves. The anthers have long, simple trichomes which led to this species being placed in the section Barbigerae. This shrub is found in cerrado vegetation, growing in compacted soil and in swampy areas at around 1,100 metres. The species is only known from one population growing close to a nickel mine in the Brazilian state of Goiás.

<i>Chaetogastra herbacea</i> Species of flowering plant

Chaetogastra herbacea, synonym Tibouchina herbacea, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to southern Brazil and north-eastern Argentina. It has been introduced to Hawaii. It was first described, as Arthrostemma herbaceum, by Augustin de Candolle in 1828.

<i>Pleroma francavillanum</i> Species of flowering plant

Pleroma francavillanum is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Brazil. It was first described by Alfred Cogniaux in 1885 as Tibouchina francavillana.

<i>Pleroma pereirae</i> Species of flowering plant

Pleroma pereirae is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Brazil. It was first described in 1961 as Tibouchina pereirae.

<i>Chaetogastra versicolor</i> Species of flowering plant

Chaetogastra versicolor is a species of flowering plant in the family Melastomataceae, native to Brazil. It was first described by John Lindley in 1827 as Rhexia versicolor. One of its synonyms is Tibouchina versicolor.

References

  1. 1 2 "Andesanthus P.J.F.Guim. & Michelang.", The International Plant Names Index , retrieved 2022-05-04
  2. 1 2 3 "Andesanthus P.J.F.Guim. & Michelang.", Plants of the World Online , Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew , retrieved 2022-05-04
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Guimarães, P.J.F.; Michelangeli, F.A.; Sosa, K. & de Santiago Gómez, J. (2019), "Systematics of Tibouchina and allies (Melastomataceae: Melastomateae): A new taxonomic classification", Taxon, 68 (5): 937–1002, doi:10.1002/tax.12151, S2CID   213372275
  4. ↑ Michelangeli, Fabian; Guimaraes, Paulo J.F.; Penneys, Darin S.; Almeda, Frank & Kriebel, Ricardo (2013), "Phylogenetic relationships and distribution of New World Melastomeae (Melastomataceae)", Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 171: 38–60, doi: 10.1111/j.1095-8339.2012.01295.x
  5. ↑ "Tibouchina", FlowerPower, retrieved 2022-05-07
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